新版新目标英语八级下册知识点总结12.docx

精品名师归纳总结Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents.Section A1. Why don't you do sth. .= Why not do sth.为什么不 .了？提建议的句型(1) What about doing sth. .=How about doing sth. 怎么样？(2) Why don t you do sth.= Why not do sth.为什么不了？(3) Lets do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4) Shall we/I do sth.我们做好吗？(5) had better do/not do sth.最好做 / 不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth.请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth.你想去做某事吗？(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用Good idea. / Thats good idea.好想法OK/ All right. / Great.好/行/ 太好了 Yes, please. / I d love to.是的/我情愿I agree with you.我同意你的看法 No problem.没问题Sure./ Of course./ Certainly.当然可以Yes, I think so.对，我也这样想(2). 对对方的帮忙或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：I dont think so.我认为不是这样Sorry, I cant.对不起，我不能Id love to, but我情愿，但唯恐Im afraid唯恐2.1too many +复数名词很多 too many people 2too much +不行数名词很多 too much homework 3much too +形容词太much too cold3. soconj .因此表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because 同时使用）4. allowv.答应。准许(1) allow doing sth答应做某事We don t allow smoking in our house.我们不答应在家里抽烟。(2) allow sb.（ not ）to do sth. 不 答应某人做某事My parents dont allow me to stay up late.我父母不答应我熬夜。 Mr. Smith allowed Mike to drive there.史密斯先生答应迈克开车去那里。 3be allowed to do sth.被答应做某事4allow与 let的辨析：allow指答应，表示默许，听任，不加阻挡let指让， let sb. do sth.让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。5. Whats wrong with sb./ sth.（某人 / 物） 怎么了？6. go to sleep去睡觉 强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）fall asleep睡觉 强调“入睡，睡着”这一状态）7. look看起来（系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）系动词：后跟 adj.作表语一是：（ be） am /is /arebe quiet=keep quiet保持寂静二保持： stay/keep（表示连续状态）stay healthy=keep healthy保持健康三变化： bee/get/turn（表示状态变化）五起来： sound/look/smell/taste/feel（表示感觉）8. call up v + advcall on拜望。号召可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9. find sb. doing sth.发觉某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.类似动词： hear ，watch, see, feel10. look through浏览翻阅认真看look for查找look after=take care of照 看 look like看起来像look the same看起来一样look over检查, 复习look through温习, 检查 look out当心, 从里向外看look up向上看 , 查单词look around环视look forward to期望11. angryadj.愤怒的 angrilyadv.愤怒的(1) be angry with sb. =be mad at sb.对某人愤怒【 with后接人】(2) be angry at/about sth.对某事感到愤怒【at 后接事】(3) be angry to do sth.做某事感到愤怒My father was very 对愤怒 his puter. He hit the puter angry12. although= though尽管 ,用来引导让步状语从句。though / although不能与 but 连用although/however辨析(1) althoughconj虽然。即使。纵然，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体仍很健壮。(2) howeveradv然而 尽管如此插入语，起连词作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可放在句首或句中Its raining hard, however, I think we should go out.雨下的很大，尽管如此，我认为我们仍应当出去。13. big deal表示重要的事情或状况，多用于非正式沟通。否定: It s not a big deal=Its no big deal.没有什么了不得 ;没什么大不了。不是什么大事（常用于口语中）Its a big deal.这事挺重要的。 What's the big deal.有什么了不得的？ 14.hope v期望(1) hope to do sth.I hope to visit Guilin.(2) hope + that从句 （表示期望）I hope that you ll be better soon 3wish v期望wish to do sth.I wish to visit Guilin.wish sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事I wish you to go.wish +that从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气I wish I were you.15. work out解决。胜利的进展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，说明产生的结果如何。(1) 运算出（答案、数量、价格等）The math problem is too difficult for me to work out(2) 制定出（方案等） , 设计出 I have worked out a new way of doing it.(3) 解决。找出的答案The government has many problems to work out. 4work for为做事，为尽力，被雇佣者16. get on with sb. =get along with sb.和某人和谐相处。和某人关系良好get on well/ badly with相处的好 / 坏get on=get along进展，进步How are you getting on these days.你近来生活如何？17. argue v争执 argument n争论have an argument with sb.与某人辩论 1argue with sb与某人争执argue with sb about /over sth.为某事与某人争执 2argue about sth.争论某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -(3) argue against争论。反对 He argued against the plan(4) argue for为辩护The lawyer argues for the poor man.18. hang over挂在.之上。悬浮在.之上(1) hang out闲逛。常去某处He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.(2) hang on to紧紧抓住 You d better hang on to me in the crowd.(3) hang up挂 xx。悬挂After she finished her conversation19. elder/olderelder adj.年纪较长的His elder brother is ill.(1) elder表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”，仅用于同一家庭成员的比较;older就不限于此。older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，是old 的比较级形式。Myyoungersonisfiveandmyeldersonisnine 。我的小儿子5 岁，大儿子 9 岁。TomistwoyearsolderthanI. 汤姆比我年长两岁。(2) elder在句中只用作定语，不作表语。older两者皆可。Myeldersisterdoesherhomeworkallbyherself.我的姐姐独自做作业。Hiseldersongotmarriedlastweek.他的长子是上星期结婚的。Ithinkhismotherisolder.我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。3elder只能用来指人。 older既可修饰人，也可修饰物。Myelderbrotherjoinedthearmywhenhewasonlyfifteen.我哥年仅 15 就参了军。Thisdogisolderthananyotherdogshere. 这条狗在这里是最老的一条。Ihaveasisterolderthanmyself.我有位比我大的姐姐。20. be nice to sb.对某人友好 be friendly to sb.be good to sb. 21.refuse=say no tov 拒 绝 refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事22. instead代替，反而，却(1) instead adv代替，句首或句尾 ,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.(2) instead of代替 而不是，是介词短语后接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式, 放在句中 InsteadofgoingtoQingdaoI mgoingtoDalianthisyear.今年我准备去大连，而不去青岛。She wrote to him instead of calling him. =She didnt call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打 xx，而是给他写了封信。23. whateverpron.任何。无论什么 = no matter whatWhatever I suggest, he always disagrees.无论我提什么建议，他都不同意。(1) whatever作连接代词或连接副词引导让步状语从句，无论，不管此时=no matter what,位置前后置都可。(2) whatever仍可引导名词性从句，同时起先行词和关系代词的作用=anything that或 all that，有任何一切这类意思。此时不能用no matter what替换。(3) no matter+疑问词结构与疑问词 +ever 在用法上的区分no matter+疑问词结构 , 只能引导让步状语从句 =疑问词 +ever疑问词+ever仍可引导名词性从句No matter where he may be（=Wherever he may be ） , he will be happy.(4) 时态由 no matter what/who/where/when引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，都应当遵守规章。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结24. offerv.主动提出。自愿赐予侧重主动或情愿赐予，主动提出做某事(1) offer to do sth.主动提出做某事(2) offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.主动供应应某人某物学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结She offered me a cup of tea.她给我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me.他主动提出代替我去。25. secondly adv.其次。其次26. municate v沟通 沟通 munication n沟通。沟通municate with sb.和某人沟通They municate with each other by .27. explain v说明。说明 explanation n说明。说明(1) explain sth. to sb.向某人说明某事。(2) explain to sb. sth.给某人说明某事(3) explain + that / what/ why等从句Can you explain what this means.你能说明一下这个的意思吗？Please explain it to me.请你向我说明一下吧。28. be worried about sth.担忧某事worry v担忧 worried adj.着急的worry about = be worried about为担忧29. return v(1) 归仍=give backreturn . to . = give back to .把.仍给.(2) 回来。返回 = e back30. be afraid of sth/sbbe afraid of doing sth可怕某人 / 某物可怕做某事，侧重主语“担忧、可怕”某事发生be afraid to do sth侧重于“不敢做某事”be afraid that-从句可怕，多用于客气的提出个人看法或看法Section B1. press v按。压pressure压力1 不行数名词（物理学）压力air pressure气压 blood pressure血压2 不行数名词仍可指精神上、外界施加的压力= stressunder pressure在压力下2. pete v竞争。对抗 petitionn竞争1pete with sb.和某人竞争 2pete against/ with与竞争 3pete for为参与竞赛We are ready for the ing pete.3.improve =make . better改进improvementn 提高4. opinion n看法。想法。看法1in one s opinion以某人的观点。在某人看来2give opinions about sth.给出关于某事的观点5. some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】分开是一段，合起是某时。分开s 是倍次，合起 s 是有时(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv在某个时候，(3) some times名词词组，几次，几倍Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer. 4sometimes=at times有时 （一般现在时的标志词）6. otherspron.其他的人或事物There are other ways of doing it.做这事仍有其他的方法。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. Thy Taylors泰勒一家。在姓氏复数前加冠词the 表示全家人或夫妻两人，用时留意主语和谓语保持一样。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.8. typical典型的be typical of是的特点9. cut out删除。删去 v+advYoud better cut out that sentence.cut up切碎 cut down砍 到 cut in插队, 插话cut off切断（水、电）供应10. successful adj胜利的 successfullyadv 胜利的succeedv 胜利，达到 successn胜利succeed in doing sth11. Its time for sth是到做某事的时候了。 It s time for lunch.Its time to do sthIt s time to go to school.12. continue v连续。连续continuedoing sth =go ondoing sth连续做某事 前后做同一件事 continueto dosth = go onto dosth连续做某事（前后不是同一件事）(1) continuev.连续，连续，指进程在时间或空间上的连续，强调连续不断， 也可指短暂停止后连续进行。He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。(2) go on指无间歇或有间歇的连续，或以某种特定方式连续。go on to do sth连续做某事，指开头做另外一件事go on doing sth连续做原先所做的事情。After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.(3) last v.连续，连续，维护，指某事物连续存在或某种现象在时间上连续，说明某一动作要连续一段时间。She wont last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。13. send sent sent v发送send away赶 走 send for派人去请send off寄出send out分 发 send up发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb.送给某人某物类似动词： show 展现。 给看 give 给lend 借出offer（供应） return（归仍） tell（ 告知）14. kind(1) n种类kind of +adj.有点，有几分a kind of一种的，某种的all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of不同种类的What kind of.那种(2) adj.友好的be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb.对某人友好(3) kind of单独用，有点，后接形容词或副词：He is kind of thin.他有点瘦”I feel kind of hungry.我有点饿Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly.王叔叔说得有点快。(4) 如 kind of前有 a, this, that, what等，种，种类后加名词。That kind of question is difficult to answer.那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best.你最喜爱何种运动？15. have time to do sth有时间做某事16.pare A with B将 A 和 B比较1parewith把与. 做比较侧重指两者间的区分。(2) pareto把. 比做着重留意两者间的相像点。(3) pared withto状语，位于句首，句中可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结pare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between themThis song pares our country to a big family这首歌把我的国家比作一个大家庭。17. good better ; best adj.好的 goodness n好处。善行。美德(1) be good for对. 有好处（反） be bad for对有害处(2) be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing善于于做某事(3) be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好The boy is good me .He is good English , and he tells me oral practice is good improve spoken English.18. development n进展Good habits are good for the develop of us teenagers. The develop of science has changed our world a lot.19. causev.造成，使发生(1) cause sb. to do sth使某人做某事(2) cause sb. for sb.给某人添麻烦(3) cause, reason, excuse辨析cause n.缘由，指引起某种结果的“缘由” ，后接介词 of.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.事故的缘由是他开车开的太快。reasonn.理由，缘由，指打算做某事或实行某项行动的理由。The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn t want to miss an important meeting. excuse n.辩解，借口，指对某种行为所做的说明，可以是真的，也可以是托词。He made a good excuse for his driving.他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。20. in one s opinion以某人的观点。在某人看来21. perhaps或许。可能perhaps，probably ，possibly， maybe辨析(1) perhaps或许，可能，一般指比较小的可能性。Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.或许我后天去看他，不过我不能确定。(2) probably很可能，大致，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全确定的意思。He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。(3) possibly可能，或许，或许，可能性较大。I ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今日要见你，不过也可能是明天。(4) maybe或许，大致，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhaps 轻。Maybe you put the letter in your basket.或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。22. crazy. adj.不理智的。疯狂的 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语 be crazy about对着迷。热衷于I m crazy about football.23. Its + adj.easy,difficult,important,necessary +for sb. to do sth(1) 如形容词表示事物特点的，easy ,difficult,hard ,important等，须用介词for【形容物，用 for 】Its +adj kind, honest, friendly, +of sb to do sth.(2) 如形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，good ,kind ,nice, wrong等，用介词 of 。【形容人用 of 】24. keep on doing连续做某事keep sb. doing sth让某人始终做某事keep up with跟上keep sb. from doing sth阻挡某人做某事keep away from躲开学习资料 名师精选第 6 页，共 8 页 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结重点区分：1. so that因此，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。表示前一句所表述的动作的目或动机（是一种可能性） ，而非事实。因此，在从句中常使用can/could/will/may/should等词。 I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.我起得早，以便能赶上早班车。 You must go now so that you wont be late.2. so that如此以至于，常用于结果状语从句，表示上文动作所产生结果，陈述的是客观事实，经常不带情态动词。He studied hard so that he passed the exam.他努力学习，结果通过了考试。3. though尽管但是，不能说，thoughbut 。although和 though 引导让步状语从句时，常采纳省略形式。Although tired =Although he was tired, he kept on working.虽然很疲惫，但他连续工作。The problem, though plicated =though it is plicated, can be solved without much difficulty.though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而although从句就不能。Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.虽然他们打得很英勇，但仍是没有机会获胜。Poor though I am, I can afford it.我虽穷，但这东西仍是买得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well.他虽是孩子，但干得很好。4. 连词 until,till用哪一个的关键在于判定句中的动词该用确定式仍是否定式。确定句： untill:直到.为止I slept until midnight.我始终睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。（在确定句中可用before代替）否定句： untill:直到.才She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到 6 点才到。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。until用于否定句中，表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开头发生，即表示动作的起点。一般直到才until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告知我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。5. should情态动词， 表示劝说、 建议，应当，和其他情态动词一样， 没有人称和数的变化， 后接动词原形，其否定形式为 shouldn t 。Maybe she should say sorry to you.或许她应当跟你说声对不起。6. could情态动词could既是 can 的过去式，表示过去的才能，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldn t 。My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80 岁任然能很好的驾车。You could go out and buy her some medicine.你可以出去给他买些药。7. 状语从句在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有时间状语从句、缘由状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点叙述以下三种类型的状语从句。A. until引导的时间状语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结until直到。在 .之前。留意 until和精选n名o师 t .优.秀.名.u师 ntil在用法上的区分第 7 页，共 8 页 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结until：在带有 till或 until引导的时间状语从句里 , 假如主句用确定式，其含义是“始终到时”，谓语动词只能用连续性动词。假如主句用否定式，其含义是直到才,谓语动词可用瞬时动词。The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We won t start until Bob eDont get off until the bus stops.Continue in this direction until you see a sign.始终朝着这个方向走直到你观察一个指示牌。I didn t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。B. so that引导的目的状语从句so that 连词，为的是，以便，引导目的状语从句。留意 so that, in order that和 in order to 在用法上的区分。 Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 让我登记你的号码，为的是以后好打 xx 给你。C. although引导的状语从句although的用法意思相当于though （尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词 but ，and， so 等连用，但可以和yet ， still等词连用。 Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧，我们仍是打算买。 Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管很累，他仍是连续工作。Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize.