新版八级英语下册第一至第五单元知识点总结2.docx

精品名师归纳总结Unit 1 What s the matter.一、基础学问1. What s tmheatter . 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解读】 matter/ ' m.t .r /n. 问题。事情What tshe matter with you.= What thse trouble with you.= What wsrong with you.你怎么了？【注】： matter 和 trouble 为名词, 其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词with 连用。即：What s the matter with sb. = What s your trouble.= What s up.= What happens to sb. What s the matter with you . I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛4. much too+形容词,意为太. ,too much+ 名词,意为 很多,大量 。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/的, enough 放在名前后,形副后 。good enough 足够好, enough money=much money6. lie down 躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay 。 lie 说谎,过去式 lied7. maybe或“许 ”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为 “可能,或许 ”,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.8. sound like+ 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词, “听起来,似乎 ”, The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物。need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off the bus 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结agree with sth.同意某事如： I agree with that idea.agree to sb.同意某人的看法如： I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题,麻烦。be in trouble 遇到麻烦, make trouble 制造麻烦 ,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth做有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once ,意为 立刻 。14. 【复习】 advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法, give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议。 advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.15. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锤炼当exercise意为 “ 练 习 ” 时 , 为 可数 名 词即 可 加s当 exercise 意为 “锤炼 ”时,为不行数名词即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词,使 疼痛, 受伤, He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词, （部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.17. clean 【动词】打扫, clean the classroom 打扫教室,【形容词】洁净的, cleaner 意为 清洁工。18. hit（用手或器具）打。击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位。 hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了 、做某事,强调状态。His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.变得习惯,“逐步适应 ”强调过程、动作：It s difficult for one to get used to another country s habit.20. 【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time。免费的 the drink is for free 。自由的 I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使 解脱,得到自由：He could not free his arm.21. run out 用完,用完When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物 sth. run out. 某物用完了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk sb. to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of doing sth. （做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of learning English.importancen.重要（性）, important adj. 重要的, unimportant adj. 不重要的24. decision 【名词】打算。选择。make a decision做打算 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control 被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为 介意, mind doing sth.介意做某事,Would you mind my opening the window.27. give up doing sth. 舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games 。 give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如 : Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样。数人称第一人称其次人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如： Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isn t quite herself today.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照管自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋,过得开心help oneself to sth 请自用 （任凭吃 /喝些 ） .hurt oneself 摔伤自己say to oneself 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth. 给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍 自己【提示】可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误） Myself can finish my homework.正 I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示 “某人自己 ”不能表示 “某人的东西 ”,由于它没有全部格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西） ”时,必要用 ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I m drawing with myself crayons.正 Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks一、基本学问点1. sick 生病的,有病的。可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语 a sick child【区分 ill 】ill 与 sick 同义。但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer sb. up（让某人）变得兴奋。兴奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out 分发。散发 ,相当于 hand out, The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人。4. volunteer【名词】理想者【动词】义务做,自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 ,The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 常做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们告知我关于这里过去的故事。6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感情颜色：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到）孤独孤寂的,带有很强的感情颜色,可做表语或定语。The lonelyboy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照管。照管 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结care 【名词】当心,关怀take care of=look after人/ 事【动词】care about sb./sth.关怀,在意某可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 【形容词】 careful认真的/ careless 马虎的 【副词】 carefully认真的8. such “这样的,这种,如此 ”,用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+ 形容词 +单数名词 ： such a good day多么美好的一天/such an exciting match多么 出色的竞赛such+形容词 + 复数名词 /不行数名词 ： such importantdecisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物假如名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so,而不用such： so many sickchildren/ so little time可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9. try o ut for参与 选拔,争取成为 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out 试用,试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程。trip 【名词】多指短途旅行。travel 【名词、动词】 travel around the world【名词】 traveler 旅行者11. 【复习】 be busy with sth.忙于（做）什么事情be busy doing sth.忙于（做）什么事情12. 【复习】 try doing sth.试着去做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try one s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力去做某事13. 【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.担忧某人、某事14. raise money 集资,筹钱。 raise money for为 筹钱raise【动词】举起。提高。募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词,保留（某物）。 keep+形容词,保持16. 【形容词】 broken 破旧的,出毛病的。 blind 瞎的,失明的。 deaf 聋的。 disabled 有残疾的,丢失才能的。在句中做定语和表语。17. make it possible for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it + 形容词 +for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为 。think/find it + 形容词 to do sth.18. make a difference to 对 有影响。对 有作用, difference 前可以用 no, any, some, much 等修饰,如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表示抽象意义的“困难 ”时为不行数。表示详细的“难题、难事 ”时为可数。have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难20. train 【动词】训练, trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为“受过训练的 ” a trained dog21. be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】 excited 意为 兴奋的, 修饰人 。 exciting 意为 令人兴奋 /兴奋的, 修饰物 。22. order【名词】命令,指示。次序,次序【动词】订购。点（菜）follow the order 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结23. change【动词】变化,转变It s hard for a person to change his lifestyle【.零钱名词】变化。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结change A for B 用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修理,修补。fix 【动词】安装。使固定【fix up 修理=repair 】Unit3 Could you please clean your room.1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash. 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth .请你（做）好吗？用于提出恳求,期望得到对方的确定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是 can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【常用答语】确定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出（ v+ adv）【注】 : 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间。跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .【短语】 take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 漫步 take away 拿走,取走take back 收回take place 发生 take off脱下。 起飞可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. Can you do the dishes？.do the dishes 洗碗那你可以洗盘子吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【结构 1】do the +名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具 /衣服【结构 2】do the +动词 -ingdo the cleaning 打扫卫生【结构 3】do one s名+词 do one s housework/ homewo做rk 家务 /家庭作业【结构 4】do some +动词 -ing do some reading/ shopping读写书 /购物4、Could I at least finish watching this show. 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】Could I do a sth. 我可以做吗？用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend.2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。反 at most 至少,不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school. 3】finish v 终止。完成finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finishreadingthese books before 10 o'clock. Yes, I can.5、I think two hours of TV isenough for you.我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。How time is flies. Three yearsisbe really a short time.作 形 容足够的,充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解读 2】enoughI dont have enough money with me.足够。充分（放在形容词。副词后作）副词The river is deep enough for swimming.【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others.【留意】 enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前。修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后。6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes.你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好,再把碗洗了吗？【解读】 take out 拿出。取出take 的用法：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结拿。取Please take some books to the classroom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结6 / 40可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结take吃。喝。服用Take this medicine three times a day.乘 （The车y u。sua船lly take the bus to work.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结花 费 （It ta时ke间s m。e t金wo hours to do my homework every day.【拓展 】take钱构）成的短语：take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照管 take off 脱下。起飞take up 占据take down 拿下 take one s ti不me急。渐渐来 take one s temperat量ur体e 温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV , my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。【解读 1】the minute = as soon as一.“. 就.”Please write to me the minute you get there.【解读 2】 in front of指在物体外部的前面inThfreornet iosf a bike in front of the classroom.【辨析】in the front of指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom【记】 The driver sat in the front ofthe car.The policeman stoodin front ofthe car.【留意】有 the 无 the 区分大：at table 吃饭。进餐at the tabel 在桌边in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院（不肯定看病）【解读 3】come over 过来【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发觉come back 回来come up with 想出come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from 来自 ,诞生于come in/into 进入 ,进来 come on 赶快,加油come along 走吧,过来 ,快点come and go 来来去去 come up 上来come out 出来, 花开, 照片冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house.你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务！all the time = always 始终。总是8. I m juasst tired asyou are. 我和你一样累！【解读】 as.as . 和.一样.9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I .一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。【解读】 neither + 助动词 /系动词 /情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不 ” neither 两者都不neither nor 既不 也不 ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达 “也不 ” 就用 “Neither /Nor + be / V 助 / V 情 + 主” The first one wasn t bad. Neither was the second.10. The next day , my mom came home from work tofind the house clean and tidy.其次天,妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很洁净、洁净。【解读】 find + 宾语 +宾语补足语【注】 find foundfound 寻v 找(1) find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事(2) find it +adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth发觉做某事很困难She found _ithard to finish the work by herself.11. She askedin surprise.她惊讶的问道。【解读】 in surprise 诧异的。惊讶的surprise v 使惊讶 surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 surprised adj. 惊讶的to onesusrprise 使某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶的be surprised at 对 感到惊讶To my surprise_使我惊讶的是）, he got the first prize in the exam.12. “ I m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that wneed to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.“对不起,妈妈。我最终懂得为了拥有一个洁净、舒服的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。【解读 1】need v 需要用于确定句,是实义动词。(1) 人做主语, sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2) 物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be doneStudents needto havehave a good rest in studying.The watch needsmendingmend. 用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词 1needn t = don t h没a有ve必to要2need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,确定会的用must,否定回答用 needn t Must I go there now. Yes, you must/No, you neednt【解读 2】share 共享。共用share sth共享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人共享某物All his friendsSharedhis happiness when he won the match.13. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie.看完电影后我能和伴侣们一起闲逛吗？【解读】 hang out 闲逛 hang up 把悬挂 /挂起14. Could you please pass me the sal.t 你能把盐递给我吗？【解读】 pass v 给。递。走过。通过pass sb.sth把某物递给某人可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Pass on传递Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通过。路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试）。及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book.我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money.你能借我一些钱吗？【解读】 borrow /lend/keep(1) borrow 借入 ,与 from 连用,尤指主语 “【借进来 ”】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library. 2lend 借出 ,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesn t want lteond his book to others.(3) keep 保留,储存（连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to borrow a bike from myfriend but he didnlentd_ it to me,because Tom had _keptit for two days.16. I cut my finger and Itrying nmot to getit wet.我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿。【解读】 try not to do sth 努力（不）做某事。tryv 试图,设法,努力【拓展】 1try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4) try one s best to do sth= do one尽s 某be人st最to大do努s力th做某事17. I hate to do chores.我厌恶做家务。hate to do sth 厌恶做某事 , 表示某次详细行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth 不情愿做某事 表示常常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.18. Could I ask you to help mewith some chores then.那我能恳求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解读】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 恳求,要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事1ask sb. for help 向某人恳求帮忙2 ask sb. not to do sth 恳求某人做某事ask 构成的短语：短语含义ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth向某人要某物ask for help寻求帮忙可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. filnl ish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。【解读 1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _readin gthese books before 10 o clock. Yes, I can.【解读 2