2022年一般现在时知识点.pdf

一般现在时基本用法介绍：一、一般现在时的功能：（一）表示经常性发生或反复发生习惯性的动作；这种用法中经常用到：often经常, usually通常, always总是， every 每个 , sometimes有时，at在几点钟， 等做时间状语， 也可以说,这是一个一般现在时语法的特征。如：I usually get up at six.（表示经常性的事情。）He often has dinner at home.（经常性事情）They always go to school on foot.他们总是步行去上学。 （ “总是”表示经常性的事情）（二）表示事物或人物（主语）的现在的特征、状态，这种情形下，通常不带时间状语。如：She likes bread, but she doesn t like pizza . Do you speak English? The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。He works in a big company.他在一家大公司工作。（三）表示客观现实、客观真理、科学事实、格言等；如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。There are four seasons in a year. The sun always rises in the east. Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。（四）表示将来。如：1.表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的到了时间就会发生的事情或动作：The train arrives at 10:30 .There is still plenty of time. 火车 10:30才会到达，还有足够多的时间。She comes back next week .她下周就会回来的。2在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时 . I will give you some candy when we meet next week. If he arrives ,please give me a phone call . 二、一般现在时构成：（一）含有 be 动词的一般现在时；This is a red skirt. This is a T-shirt. Its red 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - These are trousers. Theyre black. The trousers and the T-shirt are nice. This is the way I read a book, on a Tuesday Morning小贴士：1. Be 动词：也就是：am is are 2. am 用在第一人称：“I ”后面；3. is 的用法：（1） is 用在 he she it 等第三人称单数的主语后面； （三单： “不是你，不是我，只有一个！ ”一般现在时时才变化）比如：He 、she 、 it 、 Li Ming 、Xiao Hong 、this 、that 以及 this 、that 修饰的部分后面等等，但是 Li Ming and Xiao Hong这就不是第三人称单数了，而是复数应该用：are （2）不可数的名词做成分用到be 动词时也要用： is 3. are 的用法：（1）第一人称复数： we ；（2）第二人称即： you( 单数、复数的后面)；（3）第三人称复数 they 后面、 以及these ，those 或 these ，those 修饰的部分等， 表示复数的地方也就是说：记住 am is 应该用的地方就可以了，别的地方都是用的are 。This is a dress. This is 这是These are socks. These are 这些是These are new shorts. This is a new dress. These are his shoes? This is her skirt. The trousers are nice. The trousers and the T-shirt are nice. （二）不含有 be 动词， 即含有实意动词的一般现在时；这里只有一个需要记住的地方：就是第三人称单数的后面，动词要加“-s ”或“ -es ” ，别的地方就只用动词原形就可以了。（三单： “不是你，不是我，只有一个！”一般现在时时才变化）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 举例：I like the shirt and the skirt. In the evening, I do my homework. In the evening, he does his homework. In the evening, she does her homework. In the evening, they do their homework. In the evening, Su Hai and Su Yang do their homework. In the evening, Su Yang do his homework. In the evening, the girls/ the boys do their homework. 二、一般现在时句子的变化：否定句、疑问句 , 特殊疑问句， 其中特殊疑问句放在后面介绍。否定句：简单来说，就是表示否定的句子。一般疑问句：一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是只用yes（是）或 no（否）来回答的句子。特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what 、who 、whose 、which 、when 、where 、how 、why 等。（一）含有 be 动词的一般现在时的变化（含有情态助动词）。情态助动词：can 1) 否定句：主语+ be 动词（情态动词）+ not +其它。如：He is a worker. He is not a worker. I can show you. I can t show you . 2) 一般疑问句：将 be 动词 （情态动词）提到句子前面即可，即：Be （情态动词） + 主语+ 其它。He is a worker. He is not a worker. Is he not a worker? Yes , he is. No , he isnt. I can show you. I can t show you . Can you show me ? Yes ,I can. No , I cant. I am a student . I am not a student . Are you a student? 肯定回答： Yes， I am. / 否定回答：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - No, Im not. These are my friends . They are not my friends. Are they your friends ? Yes , they are . No ,they arent. （二）含有实意动词的句子1.否定句：主语 + dont( doesnt ) +壮语+ 动词原形 (+ 其它、 时间或地点壮语)。这里需要记住几点：（1） 主语“三单”时，要用助动词doesnt ；（2） 主语 + dont( doesnt) 后面要加动词原形，即：去掉三单时动词后面的 （s 或 es） 。当 主 语 为 第 三 人 称 单 数 时 ， 要 用doesnt构成否定句。主语+doesnt/ I dont+动词原形（动词原来形状）如：He doesnt often play. I dont like bread. 2.一般疑问句： Do( Does ) + 主语+壮语+ 动词原形 + 其它。这里的“ Do( Does )”只是为了帮助形成一般疑问句，没有实际意思！这里需要注意几点：（1） 当主语为第三人称单数时， 要用does 替换 do 构成一般疑问句。（2） 主语三单时，句子中的动词要变为动词原形。如：- Do you often play football? 肯定形式： Yes, I do. 否定形式： No, I dont. 如：- Does she go to work by bike? 肯定形式回答： Yes, she does. 否定回答：No, she doesnt. 3.小贴士：（这里是平时我们注意积累的地方，可以把我们平时的积累、感悟记在这里！）（1） “含有 be 动词的一般现在时”这里句型的变化上边已经说过，但是并不局限于一般现在时！更为准确的表达是：含有 be （am 、 is、are 、was 、were ）动词的句子，将其提到句首，句末打上问号即可；（2）一般疑问句的回答，开头往往是yes 或 no 。也就是说，只要能看出是一般疑问句，那么它的回答开头往往就是yes或no ；（3）如遇第一人称，最好将其变成第精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 二人称；举例：I am a teacher. 否定句：I am not a teacher. 一般疑问句： Are you a teacher? 肯定回答： Yes ，I am . 否定回答： No ,I m not . My father is a teacher. 否定句： My father is not a teacher. 一 般 疑 问 句 ： Is your father a teacher? 肯定回答： Yes ，he is . 否定回答：No ,he isnt （4）在一般疑问句和否定句中，要表达“一些”时，some any ；但是，如果这个问句是用来表达“建议、请求、邀请”等交际功能时，而且希望听到肯定回答时，应该用some. Is there any tea in the cup? Do you have any children? May I have some fish? Would you like some tea? Shall we buy some vegetables? Can I borrow some money from you? Why not have some bread? How about some orange juice? （三）特殊疑问句：构成：疑问词 + 一般疑问句， 同时注意去掉划线部分。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? I usually play football on Friday afternoon. When do you usually play football ? I usually play football on Friday afternoon. What do you usually do on Friday afternoon? Who is singing? Who often helps your mother? （四）一般现在时中 ,动词+s 的变化规则即：动词三单的变化规律：（三单：“不是你，不是我，只有一个！ ”一般现在时时才变化）动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。1.一般动词在词尾加-s， -s 在清辅音后读 s，在浊辅音或元音后读z。如：help helps know knows getgets read reads 2.以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或有些以字母精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - o 结尾的动词加 -es ，guess fixes teach teaches wash washes brush-brushes 注意： go does 3.以字母 y 结尾的动词，有两种情形：1）以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词， 先变 y为 i，再加 -es ，carry carries ，fly flies 2）字母 y 前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s。playplays saysays 举例说明：1. They are my parents.他们是我的父母；否定句： They are not my parents. 他们不是我的父母。一般疑问句：Are they your parents ? 他们是你的父母吗？肯定回答： Yes ，they are . 否定回答： No ,they arent . 2. They are playing basketball over there. 他们正在那边玩足球；否 定 句 ： They are not playing basketball over there. 一 般 疑 问 句 ： Are they playing basketball over there. 肯定回答： Yes ,they are . 否定回答：No ,they arent . 3. The boy is drawing a picture now. 否定句： The boy is not drawing a picture now. 一般疑问句： Is the boy drawing a picture now. 肯定回答：Yes ,he is .否定回答：No ,he isn t. 4. I am going to do my homework . 否定句： I am not going to do my homework . 一般疑问句： Are you going to do your homework ? 肯定回答：Yes ,I am . 否定回答： No , Im not . 5. There is a bike behind the tree. 否定句： There isnt a bike behind the tree. 一般疑问句 : Is there a bike behind the tree. Yes ,there is . No ,there isnt . 6. There are some pencils in my pencil box. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 否定句： There are not any pencils in my pencil box. 一般疑问句： Are there any pencils in your pencil box. 肯定回答：Yes ,there are . 否定回答：No ,there arent . 7. There are some fish in the water. (这里的 fish 是鱼的意思是可数名词所以用 are ，只不过是名词的单复数形式相同而已。 ) 否定句： There are not any fish in the water. 一般疑问句： Are there any fish in the water? 肯定回答：Yes, there are . 否定回答：No, there arent . 8. There is some water on Mars. (英m ? z ) 火星否定句： There is not any water on Mars. 一般疑问句 :Is there any water on Mars? (这里的water是不可数名词 ,所以用is .) 肯定回答：Yes, there is. 否定回答：No, there isnt. 9. Jenny can speak Enlish? 珍妮会说英语。否 定 句 ： Jenny can t speak English? Can Jenny speak English?。肯定回答：Yes ,she can . /Yes , Jenny can . 否定回答：No ,she can t ./No Jenny can t . 10.I like English. He likes English. 否定句： I don t like English. He doesn t likes English. Do you like English? Does he like English? 肯定回答： Yes, I do. 否定回答：No, I dont Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. 11.I do my homework every day. 这里的单词do是行为、实意动词是“做什么”的意思。否定句： I don t my homework every day. 一 般 疑 问 句 ： Do you do your homework every day. “你每天做作业吗？”这里的前面的精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - “Do ”是助动词，后边的“ do ”是行为动词，是干什么，做什么的意思。就像： “What do you usually do on sundays ”Yes, I do . No, I dont . 12.Li Ming usually waters the flowers every day. Li Ming doesnt usually water the flowers every day. Does Li Ming usually water the flowers everyday ? Yes, he does . No, he doesnt . Li Ming usually waters the flowers every day. Where does Li Ming water the flowers ? Li Ming usually waters the flowers every day. What does Li Ming do everyday ? (将 Ling Ming 换成： I、We 、They 、She、He 、Tom 、 Ling Mings mother 、 Ling Mings parents 、Xiao Hong and Ling Ming逐一做一遍练习 ) 13.Is this your cap, Danny? No! Its Kims cap. 14.Are these your gloves? No. Theyre Li Taos gloves. 15.Are these your gloves? Yes, they are. No, they arent. 16.This is a dress. These are socks. Are these her shorts? Is this her dress? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 17.These are new shorts. Are these her shorts? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Are these his shorts? Yes, they are. No, they arent. 18.Is this her dress? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Is this his cap? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Are these his shoes? Yes, they are. No, they arent。Is this her skirt？Yes, it is No, it isnt. Are these her trousers ? Yes, they are. No, they arent. 19.What is he/she wearing ? 他（她）穿着什么衣服？(1 )He is wearing a green sweater. He isn t wearing a green sweater. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - Is he wearing a green sweater? Yes , he is . No, he isn t . What is he wearing ? (2) She is wearing a green sweater. She isnt wearing a green sweater. Is she wearing a green sweater? Yes , she is . No ,she isn t . What is he wearing ? (3) I am wearing a green sweater. I am not wearing blue trousers. Are you wearing a green sweater ? Yes ,I am . No , I m not . What are you wearing ? (4) I want to buy some books . I don t want to buy some books . Do you want to buy any books . 肯定回答： Yes, I do. 否定回答：No, I dont What do you want to buy ? (5) He wants to buy some books . He doesnt want to buy some books . Does he want to buy some books . Yes, he does . No, he doesnt . What does he want to buy ? (换成：I、We 、 They 、 She、He 、 Tom 、Ling Ming s mother、Ling Ming s parents 、Xiao Hong and Ling Ming 、Ling Ming 逐一做一遍练习 ) （三单： “不是你，不是我，只有一个！”一般现在时时才变化）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -