牛津小学英语语法归纳2.doc

牛津小学英语语法归纳2牛津小学英语语法归纳2牛津小学英语语法归纳2一、时态1一般现在时（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes，always,never”等词。（2）基本结构：否定句(Negative)一般疑问句(Yes/No)特殊疑问句(wh-)I/You/We/Theydont+动词Do?Yes,Ido.Whatdo?He/She/Itdoesnt+动词原形Does(动词原形)?No,shedoesnt.Howdoesshe(动词原形)?+s-y+ies+eswalk-walksfly-flieswatch-watches肯定句（Positive）动词原形（V）动词第三人称单数形式（V+S）(3)动词第三人称单数形式a.Mostverbsb.Verbsendinginaconsonant+yc.Verbsendingins,sh,chorxd.Others2现在进行时(1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(2)现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.(3)现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。(4)现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。（5）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now,look.（6）基本形式：be+动词+ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.Whatareyoudoing?Ishereading?（7）动词的现在分词形式（do+ing）Mostverbs+ingVerbsendingine-e+ingwalkwalkingcomecomingdo-does,have-has,go-goesShortverbsendinginaDoublerun-runningvowel+aconsonantconsonantswim-swimming3.一般过去时态（1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用lastweek,justnow,yesterday等词。（2）be动词的过去式:am/iswasarewereI/He/she/itwas(not).You/we/theywere.一般疑问句was,were放在句首。（3）过去式基本结构肯定句（Positive）动词过去式否定句(Negative)Didnt+动词原形一般疑问句(Yes/No)特殊疑问句(wh-)Did+动词原形?Whatdid+动词原形?Iwentshoppinglastnight.Ididntgoshoppinglastnight.Didyougoshoppinglastnight?Whatdidyoudolastnight?(4)动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbedlikedstudystudied,cry-criedstopstoppedplan-planned过去式haddidatewasweredrovespokewroterodeheardgot原形gofindsaytakemeanmeetmakeseecometellknow过去式wentfoundsaidtookmeantmetmadesawcametoldknew以不发音的e结尾+d辅音字母加y结尾-y+ied重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅双写最后一音字母个字母+ed不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形sweepsweptteachkeepkeptthinksleepsleptbuyfeelfeltdrinkreadreadgiveputputsingcutcutbeginletletringflyflewrundrawdrewsitgrowgrewlearn4一般将来时过去式taughtthoughtboughtdrankgavesangbeganrangransatlearned/learnt原形havedoeatis/amaredrivespeakwriteridehearget一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow,nextSunday等时间状语连用。结构：begoingto+动词原形例如：Imgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人称代词主格：Iweyousheheit宾格：meusyouherhimit形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhis名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershis三、可数名词的复数形式itsitstheythemtheirtheirs一般名词：+s辅音字母加y结尾：-y+ies以s,sh,chorx结尾：+esabookbooksastorystoriesaglassglasses；awatch-watches以o结尾：+s或+esapianopianosamangomangoes以f或fe结尾：-f或fe变为vesaknifeknivesashelf-shelves不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice，etc.五、缩略形式Im=Iamyoure=youareshes=sheishes=heis/hehas(got)its=itiswhos=whoiscant=cannotisnt=isnotetcdidnt=didnotwerent=werenotwasnt=wasnotlets=letus六、不定冠词a/an单词的第一读音是辅音读音：abook,apeach，aU单词的第一个读音是元音读音：anegg，anhour，anF七、介词1表示方位：on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.，under2表示时间：at:如：atsixoclock,atChristmas,atweekendson:如：onMondayon15thJulyonNationalDayin:如：intheeveninginDecemberinwinter八、基数词和序数词onefirsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive-fifthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfthtwenty-twentieththirty-thirtiethforty-oneforty-firstLesson3-thethirdlesson九、some/any肯定句：Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.一般疑问句和否定句中：Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Hehasntgotanypencilsinhispencil-case.询问想要什么时：Wouldyoulikesomejuice?CanIhavesomestamps?十、be动词(1)Basicform（基本形式）:am/are/is(2)肯定和否定句be动词后加not:Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑问句be动词提前：AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youarent.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisnt.（4）be动词的过去式：am/iswas,arewere十一、therebe结构肯定句：ThereisaThereare一般疑问句:Isthere?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.Arethere?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.否定句：Thereisnt.Therearent.十二、祈使句SitdownpleaseDontsitdown,please.Letsgotothepark.十三、(情态)动词can,may,must,should,will后面直接用动词原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomein?Imustgonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.Youllbegoodfriends.十四、Wh-questions:What什么工作)Whatcolour(问颜色)Whattime（时间）Whattime/when(什么时候)Which（哪一个）Who（谁）Whose（谁的）Where（哪里）Why（为什么）Howmany（多少）Howold（几岁）Whatareyoudoing？hatisshe?(Whatsherjob?)Whattimeisit?Whatsthetime?Whattime/Whendoyougetup?Whenisyourbirthday?Imreading.Itsabook.Shesanurse.Itsseven.Igetupatsixthirty.Itsonthe21stofDecember.(问什么事,什么物或Whatisthat?Whatcolourisyourcoat?Itsred.Whichisyourwatch,theyellowTheyellowismine.oneorthewhiteone?Whoisthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whoseisthisbag?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer?schoolbag?Howoldistheyoungman?Hesmyuncle.Itshisbag.Itsunderthebook.Ilikesummerbecauseschoolbag.Hesnineteen.HowmanybooksarethereintheTherearefourbooksintheHowmuch（多少钱）Howmuchisthetoybear?How（怎么样）Itselevenyuan.HowdoyougotoschoolIgotoschoolbycar.everyday?2.形容词和副词的比较级(1)一般在形容词或副词后+eroldertallerlongerstronger,etc(2)多音节词前+moremoreinteresting,etc.(3)双写最后一个字母，再+erbiggerfatter,etc.(4)把y变i，再+erheavier,earlier(5)不规则变化：well-better,much/many-more,etc.扩展阅读：牛津小学英语语法归纳牛津小学英语语法归纳202*.51不可数名词:bread,juice,tea,coffee,water,chocolate,rice,paper(不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；不要根据some、any、alotof等词去作判断，以免受误导。)2不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese3动词/介词+宾格（me/us/you/him/her/them/it）4.形容词性物主代词（my/our/your/his/her/their/its）后面必须要跟名词。名词性物主代词(mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs/its)后面不要跟名词。5.比较级+than/,AorB?as+原级astoo/very+原级6形容词一般形容事物（形容词见知识集锦65页）副词一般形容动词（副词见知识集锦66页）7序数词前一定要加“the”,序数词一般用于：日期【the号（序数词）of月】【第几】【名次】8助动词（do/does/did）+动词原形to+动词原形情态动词（can/may/must/should/would/shall）+动词原形in+月、年themorning/afternoon/evening/aweek9.表示时间on+具体某一天（几月几日）/某个假期（Day）at+具体某点时间、某个假期（Festival）/theweekendinstreet10.表示方位onroad/left/rightatthecrossing/stop/某个具体的地点11.inthetree(不是树上长出来的)12.playthe+乐器13.wantto动词原形onthetree(树上原来自己长出来的)play+球类运动wouldliketo+动词原形14.表示时间：ago(以前)later(以后)15.begoodat名词原形before(在以前)after(在以后)动词+ing16.like+名词复数17.with长在身上的，拿在手里的18.ontheplate在盘子里动词ingin穿在身上的19.touchwith用触摸20.feel+感觉感觉21.intheclassroom在教室里Ivegot+病、物体我得了，我有inclass在课堂上24.thesame+名词单数25.分30分分past小时半个小时30分halfdifferent+名词复数分30分60分to小时11刻15分aquarter26.open/close+直接可以打开得物体27.Itstimeto+动词原形28.lookfor寻找（强调过程）turnon/turnoff+开关、电器for+名词find找到（强调结果）29.watchTV/cartoons/race/game/match观看（电视/卡通/比赛）30.takeoff脱下see看到（人物/物体）puton穿上lookfor寻找/looklike看起来像/lookafter照看，照顾/lookat看31Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。（Therebe结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。）some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。（希望得到肯定回答的时候some不变，如：CanIhavesome?和Wouldyoulikesome?）and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。32动词+ing的几种情况:like+动词ingbe+动词ingbegoodat+动词inggo+动词ingNO+动词inghobbyis/hobbiesare+动词ing33.excited形容人34.想要成为wanttobe35.thesame+单数exciting形容事物(场面)wouldliketobedifferent+复数36Wherewereyou?-Iwas.37.比较人用“who”开头Wewere.比较物用“whose”开头（xxxs+名词形物名词名物）38时态1.一般现在时（关键词：often/usually/always/sometimes/every/on(星期s）非第三人称单数（I、We、you、they）动词原形助动词用do第三人称单数（He、she、it）(动词s)助动词用does2.现在进行时（关键词：now/look/listen）构成形式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他注意：千万不要忘了一定得有be动词3.一般过去时（关键词：justnow,amomentago,yesterday,last,yesterday,thismorning,ago）构成形式：主语+动词过去式（一般ed）+其他过去式的助动词都用“did”注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，用didnt否定和用did提问后，动词一定要用原形。4.一般将来时（关键词：tomorrow、nextday/week,/month/year/、soon、atonce、thisafternoon/evening/thedayaftertomorrow（后天）/tomorrow等）构成形式：（1）主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他。（2）主语+will+动词原形+其他。39.alotof/lotsof/many/some/all/any/different/like/howmany+可数名词复数(名词+s)40.含有“to”的一些固定词组：goto去getto(the)到达begoingto(the)将要去wantto想要thewayto去的路wouldliketo想要begladto高兴howto怎样41含有about的一些固定词组：talktoabout和谈论tellabout告诉关于knowabout知道关于whatabouthowabout怎么样asksomequestionsabout问一些关于的问题42Whatareyougoingtodo?你将要去做社么?Whereareyougoing?你去哪？39特殊疑问词单词When/whattimewhowhosewherewhichwhywhat意思什么时间谁谁的在哪里哪一个为什么什么用法问时间问人问主人问地点问选择问原因问东西2回答whatcolourwhataboutwhatdaywhatdatewhatforhowhowoldhowmanyhowmuchhowabouthowfar什么颜色怎么样星期几什么日期为何目的怎么样多大多少多少怎么样多远问颜色问意见问星期问具体日期问目的问情况问年龄问数量问价钱问意见问路程10.sister姐；妹11.grandma奶奶12grandpa爷爷13.parents父母14.grandparents祖父母昆虫insect18.ant蚂蚁19.bee蜜蜂20.butterfly蝴蝶21.cricket蟋蟀22grasshopper蚱蜢23.cicada蝉24.dragonfly蜻蜓25.firefly萤火虫地点1.zoo动物园2.cinema电影院3.supermarket超市4.theGreatWall长城5.park公园6.station车站7.library图书馆8.theatre剧院9.hospital医院10airport飞机场11.shop商店12.garden花园ball球类1.football足球2.volleybal排球3.baseball棒球4.basketball篮球5.tabletennis乒乓球乐器1.piano钢琴2.guitar吉他3.violin小提琴4.accordion手风琴运动1swimming游泳2.fishing钓鱼3.running跑步4.jogging慢跑5.climbing爬山6.skating滑冰7.skiing滑雪8.rowing划船一些单词归类：2.spuare正方形月份3.diamond菱形January一月4.rectangle长方形February二月5triangle三角形March三月6.star星形April四月疾病May五月headache头痛June六月cough咳嗽July七月fever发烧August八月cold感冒September九月toothache牙痛October十月earache耳痛November十一月backache背痛December十二月stomachache胃痛星期称呼Monday星期一1.grandfather祖父、Tuesday星期二2.grandmother祖母Wednesday星期三3.father父亲Thursday,星期四4.mother.母亲Friday星期五5uncle叔.伯.舅Sunday星期六6.aunt姨.婶.舅母Saturday星期日7.son儿子形状8.daughter女儿1.circle圆9.brother兄；弟4.问路的问法：铺垫：Idontknowtheway.Imnewhere,Iwanttogoto.Canyoushowmethewayto?Canyoutellmehowtogetto?CanyoutellmehowIcangetto?HowcanIgetthere?/HowcanIgetto?Where"s?/Whichisthewayto?3Isthereanearhere?回答：Itsoverthere./ItsneartheGodownthestreet./ItsonRoad./ItsinStreet./YoucantakebusNo.andgetoffatthestop.GoalongRoad,turnright/leftatRoad.ThengoalongRoad.Theplaceisonyourright/lef路程问答法：Howfarisitfromhere?Itsaboutmetres/kilometresaway.Itsaboutminuteswalkfromhere.打电话：Hello,isthatxxx?你好，你是xxx吗？Hello,thisisxxx(speaking).你好，我是xxx./Thisisxxxspeaking.xxxisnothere,thisisxxx(speaking).Xxx不在，我是xxx.谈论生日：Whensxxxbirthday？Xxx的生日在社么时候？Itsin+月份/Itson+具体几月几日.Whatwouldyoulikeasabirthdaypresent?你想要社么作为生日礼物？Idlike.我想要。Didyoulast?你去年生日？谈论节日：Whens(节日)?Itsin(月份)./Itson(几月几日).Whatdoyou(people)usuallydoon/at?I/Theyusually+动词原形.Whatdoeshe/she/itusuallydoon/at?he/she/itusually+(动词+s).Didyou/he/she/itlast?季节：Whens(季节)?comesfromto.Whatstheweatherlikein(季节)?Its+天气情况(rainy/snowy/windy/hot/warm/cool/cold/foggy)?Itoften+动词(rains/snows/winds).Isitoften+天气情况(rainy/snowy/windy/hot/warm/cool/cold/foggy)?Doesitoften+动词(rain/snow/wind)1、国家国旗（flag）Country国家五星红旗米字旗三条旗太阳旗星条旗星米旗2。节日China中国France法国Japan日本Language语言People人Chinese汉语/中文Chinese中国人French法语French法国人City城市/capital首都Beijing北京（大熊猫panda）Paris巴黎(埃菲尔铁塔)首都:Washington华盛顿/城市:NewYork纽约(自由女神像)Australia澳大利亚English英语Australian澳大利亚人首都:canberra堪培拉城市:Sydney悉尼(考拉和袋鼠）UK/England英国；English英语English/British英国人London伦敦(大本钟bigben)Japanese日语Japanese日本人；Tokyo东京。樱花和富士山USA/America美国English英语American美国人/美国的festival节日SpringFestivalWomensDay妇女节Easter复活节时间人们的活动NewYearsDay元旦onthe1stofJanuary在1月1日春节inJanuaryorFebruary在1月或2月ontheeighthofMarch在3月8日InMarchorApril在3月或4月visittheirrelativesandfriendseatalotofdeliciousfoodmakeEastereggs做复活蛋MayDay五一劳动节DragonBoatFestival龙舟节，端午节ChildrensDay儿童节TeachersDay教师节Mid-AutumnHalloween万圣节Christmas(Day)中秋节Festivalonthe1stofMay在5月1日inMayorJune在5月或6月1、eatricedumplings吃粽子/团子/饺子2、watchdragonboatraces看龙舟比赛onthe1stofJune在6月1日onthe10thofSeptember在9月10日InSeptemberorOctoberonthe1stofOctober在10月1日onthe31stofOctober在10月31日onthe25thofDecember1eatmooncakes吃月饼2watchthemoon赏月1makepumpkinlanterns2、dressupincostumesNationalDay国庆节圣诞日，圣诞节在12月25日3.季节Sping（35）Summer（68）June,-AugusthotsunnyAutumn（911）September-NovembercoolwindyWinter(122)December-Februarycoldsonwy时间March-May天气warmrainy活动gorowing/fishinggoswimminggocamping,goonanmakesnowmen,goflykiteseatwatermelonsouting,goclimbingskating/skiing,putonwarmclothes春城：昆明（kunming）冰城：哈尔滨（harbin）日光成：拉萨（lasa）火炉：广州（guangzhou）澳大利亚（Australia）季节正好和我们相反，白天黑夜一样,美国和我们国家的白天黑夜正好相反第 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