带有特殊疑问词的不定式(共4页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 不定式与疑问词不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。现将这种用法归纳如下。 一、“疑问词动词不定式”结构有两种形式： 1. “疑问词to动词原形” I dont know what to say. 我不知道说什么。 Can you tell me how to make a paper boat？ 你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？ 2. “疑问词名词to动词原形” I dont know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。 二、“疑问词动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构可在句子中作以下成分： 1. 主语 Where to stay for the night is a problem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。What to do is not decided yet How to begin is more difficult than where to stop2. 宾语 We must know how to operate the machine. 我们必须弄懂如何操作这机器。 In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.在马克思的一本书中，他对如何学习一门外语提出了一些建议。（作介词on的宾语） Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候开始吗？ I showed her which button to press. 我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。 、有时还可用于介词后作宾语。如： I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。 She was worried about how to fill her leisure time. 她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而发愁。 3. 表语 The question is which to choose. 问题是选哪个。The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困难在于如何过河。 4. 同位语 The problem what to send them is unknown. 送什么给他们这个问题还不知道。 三、“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如： Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bookshop？ = Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the bookshop？ 四、“疑问词动词不定式”结构经常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember, forget, find out等动词（词组）之后作宾语。例如： The teacher told the students how to do the experiment. 老师教学生如何做实验。（句中 told含有taught的意思） The young woman doesnt know what to do. 那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。（句中what不能改换成how） He tells me how to answer all the questions in English. 他告诉我怎样用回答所有的问题。（句中的how不能省去） 五、如何表达“怎么办” 在翻译“怎么办”时，许多同学译成how to do，实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误，“怎么办”的实际意义是“做些什么”，故应用代词what作动词do的宾语，而不用副词how。只有在表达“怎样做这件事”时才说how to do it。 巩固练习 I. 单项填空。 ( ) 1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided_. (2012年河南) A. what to doB. to do what C. where to go D. to go where ( ) 2. This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _， Wang Lin？ Sure. (2011年陕西) A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it ( )3. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera？ (2012年安徽) A. what toB. where to C. what I canD. where can I II. 用“疑问词不定式”改写下列句子。 4.How we should do it was discussed last night. _ was discussed last night. 5. I didnt know where I should go. I didnt know _. 6. The difficulty was how we should cross the river. The difficulty was _ . III. 根据汉语补全下列英语译文。 7. 何时动身还不知道。 _ is unknown. 8. 我忘了该怎么办。 I forgot_. 9. 我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。 I can tell you_. Keys: I. 1-3 CCB II. 4. How to do it 5. where to go 6. how to cross the river III. 7. When to start 8. what to do 9. where to buy(get) this book 三、五个易错点 易错一：是否用于疑问词why之后 按英语习惯，有一个疑问词不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构，就是why。如： 我不明白为什么马上就走。 误：I dont know why to leave at once. 正：I dont know why we must leave at once. 注意：why后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)，用以表示某动作是不必要的或无意义的。如： Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value. 为什么花更多的钱到其他商店去买呢? 我们这里最物美价廉。 另外，why后面不带to的动词不定式有时也可能是否定的，该结构主要用来提出建议。如： Youre looking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一脸倦容，怎么不休假呢? 易错二：与动词think连用有何特别之处 “疑问词+不定式”结构，通常不用于动词think的现在式和过去式之后，但可以用于think的其他形式之后（如进行式）。如： Im thinking what to do next. 我在想接下来要做什么。 另外，“疑问词+不定式”结构也通常用于还有助动词的think之后。如： She couldnt think what to say. 她想不出该说什么。 She couldnt think what to give the children for Christmas. 她想不出圣诞节该送孩子们什么礼物。 易错三：与动词know连用要注意什么 当要表示知道如何做某事，know之后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，此时可改用know how to结构。如： 我会做西班牙式的摊鸡蛋。 误：I know to make Spanish omelettes. 正：I know how to make Spanish omelettes. 易错四：与某些只接动名词作宾语的动词连用 有些动词可以接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，但通常不直接跟不定式作宾语。这类动词主要有consider (考虑), discover (发现), discuss (讨论), explain (说明), find (out) (查到), know (知道), observe (观察), suggest (提议), wonder (怀疑), understand (了解)等。如： Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去? Our teacher explained how to use the machine. 老师向我们说明如何使用这台机器。 We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。 你能说明一下蛋糕的做法吗? 误：Can you explain to make a cake? 正：Can you explain how to make a cake 易错五：which to do 的两种用法 要注意“which+不定式”结构，其中的which有时是疑问词。如： I cant decide which to choose. 我不能决定选哪个好。 Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个? 有时可能是关系代词，相当于一个省略的定语从句，此时主要用于介词后作宾语。如： She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必须有冷静下来的时间。 Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一点时间来卸装。 这两句中的which to也可改为定语从句： She must have time in which she can grow calm. Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes.专心-专注-专业