名词专项讲解(共6页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词 要点名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词） 名词的数 1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法 2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化 名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式：s所有格及of所有格 知识点： 一、名词的分类 1. 专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）2.普通名词: 包括可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物 例: sister、table、bike、window 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物 例: family、police、class、group 不可数名词 物质名词 表示构成物体的物质或材料 例: water、air、wood 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 例: danger、interest 区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。 注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。【注意】 （1） family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数； （2） 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念： police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数 people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)people+谓语动词复数 people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式 (1) 规则变化： 名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es 1、 一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例 bags。 2、 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-buses box-boxes。 3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es 例 city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。 4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。 5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es, roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives roof roofs。 (2)不规则变化 1. 单词拼写发生变化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children 2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 例：an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。 例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡) two glasses of milk(两杯牛奶) three pieces of paper(三张纸) four bottles of water(四杯水) 三、名词所有格 含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。 表示形式：一种是s所有格，一种是of所有格 Beijing is Chinas capital.= Beijing is the captital of China. This is Toms bike = This is the bike of Tom. Lily is the keys owner.= Lily is the owner of the key. 1 s所有格构成 单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加s，如 Lucys pen路西的钢笔Childrens Day（儿童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加 , 如the students books 学生们的书。 2几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s, 如 Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s, 如 Lucys and Lilys desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of 所有格： 1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers 7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room 8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters 9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience 11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters 12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be 14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.” A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees 15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions 三 巩固训练： 1. This is _ reading-room. A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers 2. Nothing was found but _ broken. A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room 3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread 4. He was praised for his _. A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave 5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers 6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital. A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens 7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger. A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos 8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _. A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second 9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day. A. a lot of work B. much works C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 10. Jacks room is furnished with _. A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture 11. Have you read _newspaper yet? A. todays B. Todays C. the todays D. your todays 12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school. A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes C. a ten minutes D. ten minutes 13. Last month, he wrote me _letter. A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words 14. He had a _sleep yesterday. A. a good night B. a good-night C. a good nights D. good-nights 15. _is not a long way to drive. A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance C. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance 16. His isnt fit for the work. Please get me _. A. something else B. somebody else C. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ is? A. population of China B. Chinese population C. China population D. Chinas population 18. _ is too much for the boy to carry. A. The box weight B. The boxs weight C. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight 19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop? A. shoes B. shoe C. shoes D. shoes 20. What _ weather were having these days! A. nice B. a nice C. a bad D. worse 21. They say that the meeting will be _. A. of very important B. great importance C. of great importance D. great important 22. Im going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the Blacks C. Mr Blacks D. Blacks 23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _. A. belief B. beliefs C. beliefs D. believs 24. There are some _waiting for you outside. A. German B. American C. grown-up D. Japanese 25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk. A. machine B. machines C. a machine D. the machine 26. Therere many _ in my brothers album. A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps 27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats 28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose. A. anger B. angry C. angrily D. angriness 29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me? A. five-pound note B. five pounds note C. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes 30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparation C. a preparation D. preparations四 课堂过手训练： 1. We haven't got much for our picnic. Will you go and get some? (07) A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit 2.Ive read_ sports news about the Fl race today.(05) A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of 3. Linda, I've bought many . Now let's make the birthday cake. （03） A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D rice dumplings 4. You can get much _ about the World Expo on the Internet. (01) A) map B) picture C) ticket D) information5. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some if you like.(07年南通) A fishes and chicken B fishes and chicken C fish and chicken D fishes and chickens 6.They got much _ on the Interne. (07年天津) A photo B. ideas C message D. information 7. In the streets there are_ of different colours and sizes. A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis 8. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the medical college. A. woman doctors B. women's doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctor's 9. Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises. A. girl students B. girls students C. girls' students D. girl's students 10. The waitress brought us_. A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. glass of juice专心-专注-专业
