动名词讲解与练习(共11页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上非谓语动词之动名词一 定义 动名词，就是动词后加ing 的形式，即doing sth.它的作用相当于一个名词，所以叫做“动名词”。动名词的否定形式在动名词前加not。 二动名词ing形式的变化规则。1.一般在词尾直接加ing。2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing。3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音的动词，要双写最后一个字母后加ing。4.少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。 三 作用一）作主语1.动名词用作主语，谓语动词用单数。.Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2.有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面。Its nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。Its a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。3.动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构（这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。注意比较下面两个句子的区别与联系： I dont mind smoking here. I dont mind his smoking here.注意：在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首做主语时不能这样来代替。【例题】翻译句子（需包含动名词相关形式）： 介意我用下你的电脑吗？ ? 爸爸坚决要求他的儿子上大学。 . 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。 . 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。 .4.动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式多用来表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。 比较以下句子：Saving money is a good habit.To save money is not easy for me.二）作宾语1.下列动词之后只能跟动名词作宾语。 想要feel like 完成finish 练习 practice喜欢enjoy 保持 keep 考虑 consider介意mind 承认admit 否认deny建议suggest 避免avoid 想象imagine值得 be worth 禁不住 cant help 忙 be busy后悔regret 坚持 insist on 放弃 give up2. 介词before/after/while/without等后要跟doing形式. He left without saying a word.3. 以下以介词结尾的短语后面 be good at/do well in擅长于 be afraid of 担心 be fond of /be keen on喜欢 be tired of 厌倦 look forward to盼望; pay attention to注意; be used to习惯于; be used for被用于;prefer doing to doing喜欢.而不喜欢.be interested in(have interest in)对.感兴趣thanks for 感谢 how about/what about doing 做什么事情怎么样 三）作定语动名词作定语表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能. 两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。但可以改为一个for加动名词的短语。swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水waiting room 候车室 sleeping bag 睡袋 sleeping pill 安眠药 writing desk 写字桌 writing paper 信纸 operating table 手术台 reading room 阅览室 playing ground 运动场washing machine 洗衣机 washing powder 洗衣粉 四）作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。 四 动名词的习惯用法：1. It is no use/good/need+doing，做.没用/不好/没必要 It is no use/good/need making an excuse for this.为此找借口是没用的/不好的/没必要的。2. have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing，做.有困难have fun (in) doing 做很好玩 We have great difficulty in solving the problem.我们在解决这一问题时碰到了大难题。3以time为中心的词组后接动名词 have a good/hard time (in) + doing 过得很艰难/玩得很开心 spend/waste time doing 花时间/浪费时间做某事 We had a good time playing games together. On Sunday I always spend a lot of time helping my mother to do housework.4. go+doing: 动词go常与一些表示运动或休闲的动名词连用表示进行某项活动。 Go boating / sightseeing / shopping / swimming / skating / climbing 去划船/观光/购物/游泳/溜冰/爬山5. 动词do常与一些表示室内活动的动名词连用表示进行某项活动 Do (some) cooking / cleaning / reading / sewing / / shopping / washing做饭/打扫/读书/做针线活/购物/洗衣服6. 在allow，advise，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词，如果后面已有名词或代词作宾语，后面就只能再跟动词做宾语补足语。allow/advise/permit doingallow/advise/permit sb to do sth We dont allow smoking/ students to smoke here.7. need/want/require 后接doing“表示某事需要被做”，也可以用不定式的被动结构to be doneThe flowers need watering. The flowers need to be watered.8. 表示“一感（feel）二听(hear, listen to) 四看( see, watch, look at, notice)”的词。后加省去to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示经常发生的动作或动作的全过程。后加doing形式做宾语补主语，表示动作正在发生。 sb/sth from doing 阻止某人/某物 做 其中prevent和stop之后的from可以省去，而keep后的不可省。The Green Great Wall keeps the wind from blowing away the soil and sand.10.用于“There be”结构中。 There is a boy swimming in the river.11. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。禁止吸烟 No Smoking!禁止停车 No Parking! 五 以下动词既可以加不定式，也可以加动名词，但表达的意义不一样。1. forget to do 忘记去做某事（没有做） forget doing 忘记做了某事（做了） 2.remember to do 记得要做（没有做） remember doing 记得做过（做了） 3. stop to do 停下来去做另外一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事 4. try to do 尽力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 5.mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着做某事 to do 喜欢做某事 （一时的选择）like/love doing 爱好做某事 （一向的习惯） 7.go on/continue to do 继续去做另一件事go on/continue doing 继续去做同一件事 动名词练习题（一）一单项选择。1. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. having C. have D. had2. His father agreed _ $ 4,000 for the car. A. with paying B. to paying C. to pay D. on paying3. Today we use machines _ us do most of our work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped4. She preferred me _ there. A. to stay B. would stay C. I stay D. stay5. Were going to help _ the trees. A. watered B. watering C. to watering D. water6. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _ the earth away.A. blow B. to blow C. blowing D. blew7. _ is bad for our health.A. Doing eye exercises B. Go to bed earlyC. Eating too much D. Taking a walk8. Wu Dong is good at _ English.A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. Spoke9. Most of the children enjoy _ computer games.A. play B. playing C. played D. to play10. What a fine day! How about _ out for a walk?A. go B. to go C. gone D. Going11. Mary went _ after she finished _ her work.A. swim; doing B. to swim; to doC. to swim; doing D. swimming; to do12. Would you mind _ the window, please? Its cold outside.A. to close B. closing C. closed D. close13. A fridge is used for _ vegetable and food cool.A. kept B. keeping C. to keep D. keeps14. The farmers on the farm are busy _ apples on the trees.A. picking B. to pick C. pick D. picked15. When class began, we stopped _ to the teacher carefully.A. listening B. listen C. listens D. to listen16. I usually forget _ the door, but I remembered _ it when I left yesterday. A. closing; closing B. to close; to close C. closing; to close D. to close; closing17.Where is my passport? I remember_it here. You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time. A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking18.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write19. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired20. Jack said that he wouldn't mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited21. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped22. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking23. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying24. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldn't help laugh B. can't but laugh C. couldn't help laughing D. couldn't help but to laugh25. What about _ to the concert with us ? A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go26Don't forget _ this book to John when you see him.A. to return B. returningC. return D. to returning27I regretted _ that to her.A. having said B. to have saidC. to say D. /二用所给词的适当形式填空。1.She didn't mind _overtime.(work)2. We are looking forward to Mary's_. (come) .3. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.4. Knives are used for _(cut) things.5. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?6. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.7. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.8. Thank you very much for _(help) us.9. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.10. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.11. Do you remember _(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday?12. We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.13. What about _(go) out for a walk?14.Can you imagine yourself _in a lonely island? (stay)15. Are you interested in (collect) stamps?16. He spends much time (read) story-book.17. We enjoy (read) books in our spare time.18. (read) in bed is bad for your eyes. 专心-专注-专业
