电子信息工程专业英语考试要点总结(共4页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上电子信息工程专业英语考试要点总结重点词汇1.TDMTime Division Multiplexing 时分复用FDM CDM2.PCMPulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制3.PCIPeripheral Component Interconnect 周边元件连接口4.IDEIntegrated Drive Electronics 集成驱动器电路5.AGPAccelerated Graphic Port 加速图形接口6.USBUniversal Serial Bus 通用串行接口7.HDLHardware Description Language 硬件描述语言8.PLDProgrammable Logic Device 可编程逻辑器件9.FPGAField Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列10.ASICApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路11.DSPDigital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器12.SoCSystem-on-Chip 片上系统13.Learnning curve 学习曲线14.IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electrics Engineers电气与电子工程师学会15.sample and hold circuit 采样与保持电路16.price/performance ratio 性能价格比17.harvard architecture 哈佛结构18.looping scheme 循环机制19.FFTFast Fourier transform 快速傅里叶变换20.PCBPrinted Circuit Board 印刷电路板21.SPSSample Per Second 每秒样本数22.block diagram 方框图23.Dolby Stereo 杜比立体声24.transmission bandwidth 传输带宽25.signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比汉译英句子1."信道"这个术语通常是指频分多址系统中的一个频率，时分多址系统中的一个时隙，码分多址系统中的一个代码或混合系统中的频率，时隙，代码中的某中组合。The generic term channel is normally used to denote a frequency inFDMA system,a time slot in TDMA system,and a code in CDMA systemor a combination of these in a mixed system.2.第三代系统的目的在于为用户提供一个支持语音，数据，多媒体和视频服务的无隙网络，而不论用户在网络中的什么位置。The third-generation systems aim to provide a seamless network that canprovide users voice,data，multimedia,and video services regardless oftheir location on the network.3.逻辑综合是将电子线路的高级描述转换为一张逻辑门极其互连列表(即“网表”)的过程。逻辑综合程序都能理解Verilog 和VHDL 的某个子集。Logic synthesis is the conversion of a high-level electronic circuitdescription into a list of logic gates and their interconnections,called the"netlis". Every logic synthesis program understands some subset ofVerilog and VHDL.4."复杂可编程逻辑器件"是一种在逻辑模块之间具有可编程互连的可编程逻辑器件。多数复杂可编程逻辑器件是基于电可擦写可编程只读存储器和闪存的。CPLD(Complex PLD)is a programmable logic device that includes areprogrammable interconnect between the logic blocks.CPLDs are mostlyEEPROM and flash based.5.数字信号处理器(DSP)是无数家用和商用系统的关键部分，其应用领域与日俱增。因此，DSP 正在成为技术专家和工程师专业知识的重要组成部分之一。Digital signal processing is an essential element of countless home andbusiness systems. Its domain can only increase as time proceeds.Thus,DSP is becoming an essential area of expertise for technologists andengineers.6.信号(如声音，光和电压)是携带信息的变化。模拟信号是现实世界中的信号。模拟信号在每个时间点上都有定义，其幅度的取值是无限的。Signals ,like sound,light,or voltage,are information-bearing variations.Analog signals are real-world signals.They are defined at every point intime and may take an infinite number of possible amplitudes.英译汉句子1.Using better compression algorithms, it is possible to get the speechdown to 4kbps , in which case six users can be stuffed into a frame, asillustrated in Figure 11.(b).From the operator's perspective , being able tosqueeze three to six times as many D-AMPS user is a huge win andexplains much of the popularity of PCS.如果使用更好的压缩算法，还可以把语音数据率降至4kbps；这样的话，一帧就可以容纳6 位用户了。在运营商看来，“36 位DAMPS 用户只需占用相当于1 位AMPS 用户所需的带宽”是巨大的成功，而且在很大程度上解释了“个人通信业务”（PCS,PersonalCommunication Service）普及的原因。2.CDMA is completely different from AMPS ,D-AMPS, and GSM.Instead of dividing the allowed frequency range into a few hundrednarrow channels, CDMA allows each station to transmit over the entirefrequency spectrum all the time .Multiple simultaneous transmissions areseparated using coding theory. CDMA also relaxes the assumption thatcolliding frames are totally garbled . Instead , it assumes that multiplesignals add linearly.CDMA 和AMPS、DAMPS 及GSM 完全不同。CDMA 没有将可用频带分割为几百个窄带信道，而是允许信号在整个频谱范围内传送。利用编码原理，CDMA 可以将多个同时传送的信号分离开来。在CDMA 中，“相遇数据帧会造成数据混淆”的想法不存在了CDMA 认为多路信号之间是线性相加的。3.Motherboard -This is the main circuit board that all of the other internalcomponents connect to . The CPU and memory are usually on themotherboard . Other systems may be found directly on the motherboardor connected to it through a secondary connection . For example , a soundcard can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI .主板：所有其他内部组件都和主板连接。通常，CPU 和内部都位于主板上。其他组件可能直接位于主板上，也可能通过某种方式连接到主板上。例如，声卡可以置于主板上，也可以通过PCI 总线连接到主板上。4.In practical terms , this means that one or two layers of metalinterconnect must be designed. Since an integrated circuit requires sevenor more processing stages , all the processing steps other than the finalmetalization can be completed in advance . Because the uncommittedgate arrays can be produced in volume ,the cost of each device isrelatively small.从实现角度看，就是要设计一层或两层的金属互连线。集成电路的制造流程分为七个步骤（或更多），除去最后一步“金属化”(metallization)之外，其他步骤都可以提前完成。由于门阵列可以大量生产，所以单个器件成本就比较低。5.Physical layer communications : FPGAs have long used to implementthe glue logic that interfaces between physical layer communicationchips and high-level networking protocol layers . The fact that today'shigh-end FPGAs can contain multiple high-speed transceivers means thatcommunications and networking functions can be consolidated into asingle device.物理层通信：长久以来，FPGA 用于实现通信芯片和高级网络协议之间的“胶连”逻辑。实际上，今天的高端FPGA 可以容纳多个高速无线收发器即可将通信和网络功能固化于单个器件中。6.One of the most important applications of VHDL is to capture theperformance specification for a circuit , in the form of what is commonlyreferred to as a test bench . Test benches are VHDL descriptions of circuitstimuli and corresponding expected outputs that verify the behavior of acircuit over time . Test benches should be an integral part of any VHDLproject and should be created in tandem with other descriptions of thecircuit.VHDL 最重要的应用之一是以所谓“测试平台”（test bench）的形式记录电路的性能指标。“测试平台”是验证电路时域行为的激励源及相应期望输出的VHDL 描述。在VHDL 工程项目中，“测试平台”是必不可少的，应该和其他电路描述一同创建。7.A digital signal is a numerical representation of the analog signal .Itmay be easier and cost effective to process these signals in the digitalworld .In the real world ,we can convert these signals into digital signalsthrough the analog-to-digital converter ,process the signals,and ifneeded ,bring the signals back out to the analog world through thedigital-to-analog converter.数字信号是模拟信号的数值表示。在数字世界里，对这些信号进行处理可能会更容易、成本更低。在现实世界中我们可以通过“模数转换”将信号转换为数字信号，然后对信号进行处理；如果需要的话，用“数模转换器”将信号转换回到模拟世界中去。8.Keep in mind that the distinction between DSPs and othermicroprocessors is not always a clear line .For instance ,look at how Inteldescribes the MMX technology addition to its Pentium processor : "Intelengineers have added 57 powerful new instructions specifically designedto manipulate and process video ， audio and graphical dataefficiently .These instructions are oriented to the highly parallel ,repetitive sequences often found in multimedia operations . "别忘了:DSPs 和其他微处理器的界限并不是很清晰。例如，让我们看一看inte 是如何描述其奔腾处理器新增的MMX 技术的：“为了高效操作和处理视频、音频和图形数据，intel 工程师新增了57 条功能强大的指令。这些指令面向的是多媒体操作中经常出现的、高度并行和重复的程序。”9.In practical application , these are certainly many other factors toconsider when evaluating analog versus digital filters ,or analog versusdigital signal processing in general . Most modern signal processing8、systems use a combination of analog and digital techniques in order toaccomplish the desired function and take advantage of the best of both theanalog and the digital world .在实际应用中，在评价模拟滤波器和数字滤波器（或模拟信号处理和数字信号处理）的时候，坑定还要考虑许多其他因素。为了实现期望的功能和充分利用两种技术各自的优势，多数现代信号处理系统都采用了模拟技术和数字技术相结合的方式。10.Audiophiles demand the utmost sound quality , and all that factors aretreated as secondary .If you had to describe the mindest in the world , itwould be : overkill . Rather than just matching the abilities of thehuman ear ,these systems are designed to exceed the limits of hearing .It's the only way to be sure that the reproduced music is pristine .高保真音响爱好者对声音质量的要求极高，所有其他因素都被视为次要的。假如要用一个词来描述这种心理活动的话，那就是“过分”。高保真音响系统不是设计得刚好满足人类的听觉需求，而是超越了人类的听觉极限，这是唯一能够确保再现音乐无任何失真的办法。11.Then the sample are processed in groups of 1152 (about 26 msecworth). Each group is first passed through 32 digital filters to get 32frequency bands . At the same time the input is fed into a psychoacousticmodel in order to determine the masked frequencies .Next each of the 32frequency bands is further transformed to provide a finer spectralresolution .在这之后，样本以1152(约26ms)为一组进行处理。每组样本首先通过32 个数字滤波器，从而得到32 个频带。同时，输入信号进入心理声学模型以决定被屏蔽的频率。下一步，32 频带中的每个频带中的每个频率进一步变换得到更好的频谱分辨率。专心-专注-专业