大学英语四级作文指导课件.pptx

四级考试单项分共分为四个部分： 听力（35%）、阅读（35%）、完型填空（10%）、作文和翻译（20%）。 各单项分的满分分别为： 听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空70分，作文142分。 各单项分相加之和等于总分（710分）。 Part I: Writing (30 minutes) Part II: Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 15分钟读1500字左右的文章，做10道题，前7道是判断对错，后3道是简答 答完这部分会收一次卷 Part III: Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A 短对话8道，长对话2段 Section B 情景对话 Section C 复合式听写 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (35 minutes) Section A 选词填空 Section B 阅读2篇 Part V 完形填空 Part VI Translation (5minutes) 四级作文和六级作文的要求基本相同。 1 篇幅：120-150字 达不到字数要求的，要酌情扣1-5分； 90-99 扣1分，80-90扣2分，70-79扣3分，60-69扣5分； 2 布局：三段式 只写一段为0-4分，只写两段0-9分； 3.评分标准：评分标准： 2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误, 且多数为严重错误； 5分- 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误； 8分- 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不过清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误； 11分- 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误； 14分- 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。 卷面：整洁 1. 不会审题，偏离主题 对策：认真审题 2. 汉语思维，逐字翻译 对策：多读、多记、多积累一些实用句型和句子。 3. 词汇量小，用词搭配不当 对策：勤背多记，安排单词计划 4. 语法错误 对策：基本语法要掌握，避免低级错误 5. 缺乏思想，深度不够且句子逻辑关系混乱。 对策：熟记常用关联词、过度词及一些“启、承、转、合”用语。 6. 随意涂改，卷面混乱，写作不规范 对策：书写要尽量认真、涂改要规范。 1. 审题时间不可省； 2. 卷面书写要注意 ； 3. 字数多少要适当； 4. 文章结构要完整； 5. 低级错误要避免。 1. 审题构思： 1）详读作文指令及文章标题：包括字数，文章题目及写作提示等内容。 2）确立中心思想 2. 列纲定局 3. 组织文章 4. 修改定稿 以2005年6月6级作文为例： Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Product You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 目前盗版的现象比较严重。 2. 造成这种现象的原因及其危害。 3. 我们应该怎么做。 Say No to Pirated Product 1. Presently, piracy has become a prevailing phenomenon. 2. There are several reasons for the phenomenon and it has caused a great loss. 3. Its time for us to take measures to stop the phenomenon. Presently, piracy has become a prevailing phenomenon not only in China but in most countries all over the world as well. In many places we can see people peddling pirated products like tapes, CDs, high-tech devices, not to mention books. (现象陈述引出主题） What reasons have caused such a phenomenon? (原因分析）First ( or On one hand), it is the attractive profit that drives more and more businessmen to run the risk of selling pirated products. Second ( On the other hand), consumers also play an essential role in the prevalence of piracy. Many people are attracted to buy pirated products because of their low prices. It has been widely believed that piracy has caused a great loss(危害例证） to legitimate producers, investors and authors in many ways. That means the hard work of the honest people may end up in vain, and they will finally lose the motivation to develop new products.（危害后果） Its time for us to take measures to stop the phenomenon. (解决措施）First, we should discipline ourselves: never buy or use pirated products any more. Second, the government should take more effective measures to ban piracy. They should draft some laws to control the selling and buying of pirated products. Finally, the prices of authorized products should be lowed so that ordinary people can easily afford them. Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a healthy environment for both customers and producers.（首尾呼应，深化主题） 句子是文章的基础，是表达思想的最小语言单位，是保证作文质量、得不得高分的重要因素。完整、正确、通顺的句子也是写好段落和文章的基本要求。四、六级作文题目中经常会出现主题句或中文提示，如果我们能按照题意和段落主题句写好符合英语规范的句子，作文本身便是一种成功。下面我们将主要探讨句子写作过程中应遵循的原则和应注意的问题。 从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词用在某一句式中，下面我把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类, 供大家参考。 1. S + V(系动词)+ P（表） We are Chinese.1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词) He is a boy. This is mine.2) S + Lv. + Adj.（形容词）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv. + Adv (副词)Class is over.4) S + Lv. + Prep. Phrase He is in good health. 5) S + Lv. + Participle(分词) He is excited. The film is interesting. 关于系动词 除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1) 表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。 4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 2.S + Vi. Time flies. 1) S + V + adverbial(状语) Birds sing beautifully. 2) S + Vi.+ Prep. Phrase（介词短语） He went on holiday. 3) S + Vi.+ Infinitive (不定式) We stopped to have a rest. 4) S + Vi.+ Participle (分词) Ill go swimming. 3. S + Vt. + O. We like English. 1) S + Vt. + N./ Pronoun I like music. I like Mary. 2) S + Vt. + infinitive(不定式) I want to help him. 常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish, etc. 3) S + Vt. + Wh- + Infinitive I dont know what to do. 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder, etc. 4) S + Vt. + Gerund(动名词) I enjoy living here. 常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, etc. 5) S + Vt. + That-clause I dont think (that) he is right. 常用于这句型的动词有：admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind, notice, propose, request, report, say, see, show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder, etc. 4. S + Vt. + In O（间接宾语）+ D O（直接宾语） I give you help. 1) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + N. I sent him a book. I bought May a book. 2) S + Vt. + N/Pronoun + to/for-phrase He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me. 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write, etc. 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare, etc. 5. S + Vt. + O + O C（宾补） I make you clear. 1) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + N. We named our baby Tom. 常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。 2) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + Adj. He painted the wall white. 常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish, etc. 3) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + Prep. Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 4) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + Infinitive I wish you to stay. I made him work 常用于这句型的动词有： a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc. b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch, etc. 5) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + Participle (分词) I heard my name called. I feel something moving. 常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch, etc. 6) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + Wh- + Infinitive He show me how to do it. 常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell, etc. 7) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + That-clause He told me that the film was great. 常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm, etc. 8) S + Vt. + N./Pronoun + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do. 常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell, etc. The following sentences are typical sentences of Chinese English, please correct them. 1) I asked he to see the doctor. 2) What men can do so can women. 3) After 5 minutes, Lingling said to me his headache very serious. 4) People can help each other when who are in trouble. 5) I very like my watch. 6) In our hearts, it often would appear a picture of her. 7) Cell-phones can be used play games. 8) There are some people think that money makes the world go around. 9) My family is a common one concerns Dad, Mum, My old sister and I. 10) Final exam is approaching, but there are still some problems cant tackle. 完整；统一；连贯；简洁；多样 1. 完整：意思和结构要完整 比较：1) How to write a composition. How to write a composition is not an easy thing to talk about. 2) If the weather were fine. If it were fine, we would have a good time on the beach. 2. 统一： 只表示一个完整的中心思想。 比较：Different people have different preferences for books. They read different books just to meet their different needs. Because different people have different needs to read the different kinds of books. From this we can also see that different people have different intentions and notions. So they choose the different things to meet their needs in every facet in life. Different people have different preferences for books. They read different books because different people have different intentions and notions just as they choose the different things to meet their needs in every facet in life. 3. 连贯：句子中各成分之间的关系明白清楚，富有条理。 E.g. 1）Both of the puppies is cute in their own ways. 2) We know that violent crime is increasing, and you also know many incidents go unreported. 4. 简洁：试比较： 1） In China, some cities are seriously polluted, and some cities are being polluted. In China, some cities are seriously polluted, and some being polluted 2) She likes collecting stamps which is her hobby. Collecting stamps is her hobby. 3) Gone with the wind was a good film which I enjoyed watching very much. I enjoyed watching Gone with the wind very much. 5. 多样： 试比较： 1） Nothing here indicates where this information came from. There is no indication where this information came from. 2) Seattle is a garden city, with one of the most delightful climates in the world. A garden city, with one of the most delightful climates in the world, is Seattle. Seattle, a garden city, has one of the most delightful climates in the world. 3) They struggled forward. They were exhausted. Their steps were dragging. They had to push on. Exhausted, they struggled forward, their steps dragging, but they had to push on. 1. 长短句结合： I love fast cars. I want to drive every one of them. Speed is my life. Its what I do best. I love fast cars. Even I want to drive every one of them because speed is my life and driving is what I do best. 2. 松散句与圆周句 松散句中，主句在前，从句在后，将主要意思放在次要意思之前，简单、明了、自然和直接，适于自然有序的陈述情况、表达想法。 圆周句中，从句在前，主句在后，将最重要的意思放到最后，句子结构复杂，郑重、文雅，容易形成意思上的高潮。 She will live no more than three months if she doesnt have done kidney transplantation. He even refused to change another copy for me just because I have opened it. Many people offered as much help as they could even though they didnt know me. Since it is important for college students to take an active part in social activities, the Students Union of our university decides to organize a social practice during the summer holiday. If I am elected as President, I will not let you down. Since I came to the university, I have always been monitor of my class. 3. 倒装句 Only in this way can you succeed in the end. Only by making good use of the Interne can we make a difference in our life. Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a healthy environment for both customers and producers. 4. 平行结构： 英语中有许多句子使用相同的语法结构，由两个或多个并列连词连接，并在结构、词性、时态、数等方面保持一致。恰当的使用平行结构可以使句式丰富，增强表达力，而且琅琅上口，富于美感。 经常出现的平行结构的连词有： bothand, neithernor, eitheror, not only but (also), rather than, nor, or, and, but, while, whereas, yet, as well as, etc. E.g. I like reading poetry because poetry can make me calm, pleased, and comforted. Neither John nor I know our teachers telephone number. 5. 主动语态与被动语态 6. 非谓语动词 包括动词不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词。 E.g. Considering all these, I believe that I should return his great love with my achievements. It is really the time to deal with the problem. Then I went back to the bookstore, asking for an exchange. After my repeating several times, he reluctantly went away, trying to get a new one for me. To begin with, given the fierce competition, youd better make more efforts than necessary to prepare for the College Entrance Exams, especially Maths and English. 7. 介词短语 E.g. The big sum of money for such an operation is obviously beyond what her family can afford. Im writing in reply to give you some suggestion on your would-be major. In their opinions, different books are of different uses. In short, taking CET-4 is good to both my study and my personal development. 1. 词性不分 2. 主谓、人称、时态不一致 3. 指代不清 4. 成分残缺 5. 断句错误 6. 垂悬结构 7. 错位修饰 8. 正式语体与非正式语体混用 1. 词性不分 注意：1） 动词要分清及物与否； 2）区分动词作谓语与动词的非谓语形式。 3）区分现在分词和过去分词的用法。 4）意义相同但词性不同的词要特别注意。 Correct the following sentences: 1) China has occurred the great changes in recent years. 2) He very excellent in many aspects. 3) I can sure that you will see a better film. 4) I very like the movie “ Forrest Gump”. 5) Human being is a kind of animal fulling of different feelings. 6) If you are easily to get frustrated, you will give up. 7) Nowadays, it is surprised that many students care their appearance and clothes but rare pay great attention to their study. 8) Since you have been keeping a good mood, your teachers would be more like you. 9) In this chaotic society, we are more likely to become depress. 2.主谓、人称、时态不一致 主谓一致：主语和谓语在人称和数上应保持一致。 1）语法一致： 主单谓单；主复谓复 2）意义一致：从意义着眼 3）就近原则：there be, neithernor, eitheror, not only but (also), etc. Correct the following sentences: 1) Here is the books you want. 2) In the distance are a billow of black smoke. 3) Neither the union leaders nor the negotiator want the strike to continue. 4) Each of the children have been given an apple. 5) There are a cell-phone and two books on the desk. 人称一致： 一句话中主语要一致，一篇文章中前后的称谓也应当保持一致。 Correct the following sentences: 1）They have the right of discussing her husband. 2) I often buy clothes on sale because we can save a lot of money that way. 3) In other words, ones actions are decided by their mood indirectly. 时态也应该保持一致。 Correct the following sentences: 1）The motorbike was red, and there are two men on it. 2) If I failed to achieve my desire, I will think it comes from a fate beyond my power. 3) Depending on computer, many problems can be easily solved, which is not possible 20 years ago. 3. 指代不清: 使用代词与先行词不符 Correct the following sentences: 1）The worlds energy demand still continues to rise. How will that ever be possible for us to get through? 2) Peter told John that his wife was unhappy. 3) Susans mother wondered if she was tall enough to be a model. 4) Marsha attributed her success to her husbands support, which was generous. 4. 成分残缺：句子缺少必要成分 Correct the following sentences: 1) There is still something that not so satisfactory. 2) Always, I dream about the childhood which including happiness and sadness. 3) I drove slowly past the old brick house. The place where I grew up. 4) The climate in Mohe is colder than other cities. 5.断句错误 Correct the following sentences: 1) They read different books just to meet their different needs. Because different people have different needs to read the different kinds of books. 2) Students and teacher heard Liming went to hospital, all of them went to visit him. 6. 垂悬结构 当非谓语动词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，就构成了垂悬结构。 E.g. Kicked carelessly under the bed, Tom finally found his socks. Comparing with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problems. Correct the following sentences: 1) Looking at from above, this picture gives us an image of a humans face. 2) To impress the interviewer, punctuality is essential. 3) T