人教版英语八上Unit3知识点讲练(共6页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级上册Unit 3专心-专注-专业Section A Page 171. 两个事物进行比较可以用形容词或副词的比较级表达：(1) A + be+ 形容词比较级+ than +B (A比B更 ) Jane is taller than Kate. (2) A + 动词+ 副词比较级+ than +B (A比B更 ) Jane runs faster than Kate.2. 形容词的比较级的构成。(1) 比较级一般在形容词后加_, 如：talltaller, shortshorter, oldolder (2)以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，应该_, 如：funnyfunnier, heavyheavier. 单音节词除外，如: shy shyer(3)如果只有一个元音字母，并且后有一个辅音字母结尾，应该_, 如：bigbigger, thinthinner (4)多音节词的比较级，应该_, 如：outgoingmore outgoing, beautifulmore beautiful(5)不规则词的变化需要死记： good/well-_; bad/ill-_, many/much-_; little-_; far-_3. (1) both.and. 表“两者都”，连接两个主语时视为复数。如：Both you or I _ right. ( be ) 你和我都是对的 (2) either.or表“要么要么”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵守就近原则。如： Either you or I _ right. ( be ) 要么你要么我是对的4. both表“两者都”，all表“多者都” 题：_ of my parents are teachers. We are _ in China. 5. play the drums 打鼓 （乐器前要加the，drum要用复数，架子鼓不止一个）6. heavy (1)重的 (2) 胖的，同义词为fat，反义词为thin.7. 反义疑问句：前面是陈述句，用来表达自己的观点，后面反问对方以证实自己的观点。基本规律为前肯后否，前否后肯。后面的附加疑问句的构成与改一般疑问句的方法相同。如： He isnt a teacher, _ ? She can dance, _ ? He likes English, _？ (1)反义疑问句的回答根据事实用Yes或No来回答，但前否后肯的很容易出错，可改成一般疑问句或前肯后否再作回答。如; He cant sing, _ ? ( 如果他能，怎么回答)- _ (2) this, that 和表物的不定代词做主语，用it代替；表人的不定代词用they来代替。 Something is wrong, _ ? Everyone likes English, _ ?(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： There is litter water in the cup , _ ?(4)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如： Your father is unhappy, _ ? (5)反意疑问句的陈述部分为I don't think+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I don't think that you can do it, _? （不用do I?） (6)陈述部分为Let's时，因为此句型用来提建议，所以问句部分习惯上用shall we?如： Let's go home together, shall we? (7)陈述部分为Let us时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如： Let us stop to rest, will you?(8)陈述部分为祈使句，问句部分可以用will you和wont you。 Please open the window, wont you? (肯定祈使句有时也可以用will you?提问)Don't make any noise, will you? （否定祈使句只能用will you ?）1. 形容词和副词 (1)形容词常译为“.的”。常放名词前，修饰名词，如：a good boy 也可以放系动词后做表语，用来描述主语是怎么样的。如：The boy is good. (2)副词常译为“地”。 常放动词后，修饰动词，表“怎样地做某事”，很多副词以ly结尾，如 do well；run fast；get up early；talk loudly；speak quietly.2. 以ly结尾的副词和形容词，一般前面加more 构成比较级，但early和friendly 例外。如： loudly more loudly，quietly more quietly，early earlier，friendly friendlier3. 同级比较：表两事物是一样的，形容词和副词用原形。(1)A +be +as +形容词原形 + as +B ( A和B是一样地) Jane is as tall as Kate. (2)A +动词+as +副词原形 + as +B ( A和B做某事一样地) Tara works as hard as Tina. (3) not asas = not soas表“不如.”, 常可以与比较级转换。如： Jane is not as/so tall as Kate. (Jane不如Kate高。) = Kate is taller than Jane. (Kate比Jane更高)3. the singing competition 唱歌比赛4. fantastic = great 好极了的 It was fantastic/ great5. Which 用来问“哪一个”，回答常用“The + 名词+描述性短语”，如： _ one was Lisa ? - The one with shorter hair. ( A. Who B. Which C. What )6. win ( won )赢，后接比赛、名词、奖品做宾语，如： He won the game. He won the first place.7. 不定式可以放be 动词后做表语，表“.是去做某事”，如 The most important thing is to learn something new. 最重要的事是去学新的东西。 Their dream is _ a bridge. ( have ) My job was _ chickens. (feed)8. learn something new 学习新的东西 （形容词放不定代词后）9. have fun = enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得开心，过得愉快 have fun doing sth. 在做某事中过得愉快 We have fun _ English. ( learn )二、重点句子1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。 than 比（用于形容词，副词的比较级之后）当两个人或者物进行比较时，要用形容词的比较级。“比较级 + than” 表示“比.更.”。一般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如：I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高。His hair is shorter than Sams. 他的头发比萨姆的短。This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；2） 比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；3） 最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化： 构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远) furthest（最深远）2. 反意疑问句 肯定陈述句否定提问如：Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she?否定陈述句肯定提问 如：She doesnt come from China, does she?You havent finished homework, have you?提问部分用代词而不用名词如：Lily is a student, isnt she?陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？ They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3. No,I am a little taller than her.a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以+比较级4. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。“.（not）as + 形容词或副词原级+ as.”是一种原级比较，意思为“.和.(不) 一样”。1） .not as + 形容词或副词原级+ as.表示双方在某个方面不同。如：His English is not as good as hers. 他英语不如她的好。He doesnt work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力。2） as + 形容词或副词原级+ as 表示双方在某个方面一样。如：She is as tall as me. 她跟我一样高。I run as fast as he does. 我跑得跟他一样快。1. 比较级的几种特殊用法：(1) “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +多音节词”表示“越来越” 如： warmer and warmer more and more beautiful. (2) “the +比较级+句子, the+比较级+句子”，表示“越，越”。 The more we get together, the happier well be. 我们越多的在一起，我们就越快乐。(3) 修饰比较级的词有：a little, much, a lot, rather, even等，不能用very修饰比较级He is _ taller than me. ( A. a few B. a little C. very D. many )(4) 两个相同对象进行比较，为了避免重复，常用that来代替前面的单数比较对象，用those来代替前面的复数比较对象。The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Hubei. （that=the weather） The trees are greener in the country are much greener than _in the city. (5) less与more 的转换：Math is less interesting than English. (趣味性更少些)= English is _interesting than math.(6) 在比较级中，the other 后接复数名词，表“其它的一些”；any other 后接单数名词，表“任何其它的一个”。如： Im louder than the other _ in my class. (kid) Im taller than any other _ in my class. (student)(7) the + 比较级+of the two. (the用来特指“比较的那一个”) He is _ _ of the two. ( tall )2. hard-working勤奋的； work hard 努力地工作；hard work 辛苦的工作 He is_, he has to do some _，but he _. 1. be talented in 在某方面有天赋 She is talented in music.2. do the same things as me 跟我做相同的事3. true形容词，真实的；truly副词，真地，truth名词，事实 Thats_. He _ cares about me. Tell me the _.4. care about 关心，在乎 Nobody cares about me. take care of = care for = look after 照顾 I can take care of myself.5. 使令动词有：make, let, have，它们都可以表“使、让某人做某事”，使令动词后接动词原形，即：make/ let/ have sb do sth. 如： It makes me _ . (laugh) Let me _ you. (help) He had her _ there. ( go )6. laugh at 嘲笑某人 Its not good to laugh at others. 1. be like 像；look like 看起来像（强调外表） The teacher _ my mother to me. 2. be serious about 对是严肃认真的 Im serious about that.3. do sth. together 一起做某事 We enjoy studying together.4. 句型：Its + 形容词+ （for sb.）+ to do sth. 表“（对于某人来说）去做某事是的”。 Its not easy for me _friends. ( make) Its not necessary to be the same. 【总结】it是形式主语，它代替后面的不定式短语。5. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 I want to make friends with you.6. as long as 只要 As long as you study hard, youll get good grades.7. be the same as “与一样”，be similar to “与相似”，be different from “与不同” 题：His eating habits arent the same as mine. = Her eating habits are mine.8. bring out the best in me 我最好的方面表现出来9. be/get good at 擅长，be better at 更擅长，get better at 变得更擅长 Im getting better at tennis. (我正慢慢变得更擅长网球)10. get good grades 取得好成绩， get better grades 取得更好的成绩11. should表“应该”，是一个情态动词，所以后接动词原形。He should _ hard. (study)12. in fact 事实上 In fact, shes funnier than anyone I know.13. talk with/ to 和某人交谈；talk about 谈论；talk with sb. about sth. 和某人谈论有关某事物14. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 I want to share my happiness with you. Section B Page 241. primary school students 小学生2. 四个good 短语：be good with 和某人相处好，善于处理； be good for 对有好处； be good at 擅长；be good to = be friendly to 对某人很好3. information 表“信息”，是不可数名词。 Call the English Study Center for more _. ( information )牢记：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词 使某人/某事怎样 如：Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。His words make us happy. 他的话使我们感到很高兴。8.laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!9. Theyre both tall. 他们两个都是高个子。both adj./pron./adv. 两个都用在be 动词后，行为动词前。 Y ou are both too young./They both speak English.Both of .+名词复数（复数谓语） Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。bothand两者都（复数谓语） 反义词组：neithernor两者都不（谓语单复数按照就近原则）【友情链接】 both 与 all both 指代两者； all指代三者或三者以上 如：My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。We are all here。 我们都在这儿。1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。 both (1) 表示“两者都”， both用在含有be动词的句中，应放在be动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面， (2) bothand表示“两者都”，both.and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。 E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语) The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)【考例】My parents _ doctors. A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both 拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 练习：用all,both,every,each填空 1) My brothers and I are _l at school. 2) _ student may have one book. 3) _Tom and Jim are my good friends. 4) Three students are flying kites,they are_ in Class 1. be ike意为“像”，这里的like是介词。如： She is like her mother 。 她长得像他妈妈。like 做动词，意为“喜欢”，构成短语 like sth. 喜欢某物 like sb. 喜欢某人 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 如：I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢交像我一样的朋友。 like diong sth.14. serious 意为“严肃的；认真的；严重的” be serious about sth. 如： He was serious about the matter. 他对那件事很认真。 be serious with sb. 如： Theres nothing much serious with you. 对你来说没那么严重。15. touch ones heart 感动某人16. be talented in music 有音乐天赋17. However 意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系，与but意义相同，但but一般谓语句首，而however比较正式，可位于句首、句中或句末，且常用都好隔开。如：You didnt finish your homework. You can, however, do it now. 你还没有完成家庭作业，但是现在你可以写了。18. hard-working意为“努力的”其比较级为 more hard-working 意为“更努力”，less hard-working 意为“不努力”。19. be similar to.意为“与.相似”。(注意与 be the same as 区别)如：My pen is similar to yours. 我的钢笔和你的相似。