定语从句以及that与which用法的区别(共3页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句一、什么是定语？二、什么是定语从句？定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以有称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.先行词起连接、替代和充当句法成分的作用。三、限定性和非限定性定语从句1、形式上：限定性定语从句不用逗号，而非限定性定语从句则要用逗号；2关系词的使用上：非限定性定语从句不可用that； 当关系词充当宾语时，限定性定语从句的关系词可以省略。3、非限定性定语从句中，先行词可以是整个主句He is always late for school, which makes his head teacher very angry.四、定语从句的先行词（一）、只用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是everything、anything、nothing（something除外）、all、none、little、some等代词时，或当先行词受every、any、等代词修饰时。例：There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. There is little that I can do for you.2、当先行词被序数词修饰时例：The first place that I visited in China is the Great Wall.3、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时例：This is the best film that I have ever seen.4、当先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时This is the very pen that I lost.5、当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时例：Who is the man that is standing by the gate？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6、当先行词是人与动物或人与物时例：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his lovely dog that are walking up the street.7、当先行词为物并为从句的表语时例：China is no longer the country that it used to be.8、在there be句型中There are many books that Im interested in three.9、当先行词是the way或the reason时that可做关系副词，也可以省略Could tell me the way that you worked out the problem?10、当先行词指人时，当然，有时也可以用whoAny man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.（二）、只用which不用that的情况1、引导非限定性定语从句时The book, which my aunt gave me last week, is very interesting.2、先行词指物，且引导词前有介词This is the house Luxun was born.3、一个句子若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.4、在关系从句中，which可作为限定词与名词连用。此结构正式，且只有在介词后才可以用5、当those、anyone 作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导Those who lost their relatives in the earthquake have cheered up.（三）、介词+关系代词的用法1、谓语动词的固定搭配This is the evidence with which the case is connected.2、先行词Ill never forget the day on which/when I joined the party/3、句子表达的意思The boss in whose department Mr. King worked got sacked.4、在非限定性定语从句中，名词/代词+of whom/which表示整体与部分的关系The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries.5、介词的位置一般放在关系代词之间，有时也可以放在从句中原来的位置上We did it in the same way in which he did/which he did in.(四)、as与which用法异同都可以指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中可以做主语和宾语。1、 as引导的定语从句可位于句首，而which不可以As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.2、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时，从句中的谓语动词必须是系动词。若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用whichThe earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.3、the sameas, suchas 的固定结构He has got into the same trouble as I (have).4、as和which在特殊定语从句中作表语We thought him a writer, as/which he could never be.5、as特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，which从句中则不能主谓倒装。如果先行词是主语，关系代词用which而不用asHe talked like a native, which made us believe in him.6、which在特殊定语从句中作定语,as不能做定语I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.7、当主句和从句在逻辑上的因果关系时，用whichTom was always late for school, which made his teacher very angry.五、定语从句中的主谓一致1、定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该和它的先行词保持一致I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.Dont choose me, who am not qualified for this job.2、定语从句的先行词是one of后的复数名词时，从句谓语动词的数与复数名词保持一致He was one of the students who were late for class this morning.3、如果先行词是the one/very one of后面的复数名词时，则与the one/very one保持一致，用单数He was the only one of the students who was late for class this morning.He is the only one of those workers who is able to do the job.专心-专注-专业