专四作文备考(共4页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专四作文备考对策一：逆向思维法。考生在拿到一个作文话题、但不知该如何动笔时，可以去联想有关该 话题的具体事件，从具体事件中提炼出观点，再将观点反弹回去，即topic具体事件观点。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV这个文章题目时，如果不知如何下笔，可以去联想一些具体的电视节目。一提到电视节目，就会自然而然地想到新闻联播。新闻联播有哪些好处呢?当然是开拓视野，了解世界。同时，还会联想到一些暴力片和色情片，它们对儿童的身心健康发展不利。对策二：正说反说法。考生在写作中感到观点空洞茫然，不易理论清楚，甚至不知从何谈起时，可以从正、反两个方面对议题进行“摆事实，讲道理”，即“如果这样，就会怎么样； 如果不这样，又会怎么样”。2.在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办?对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表 达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。 对策一：用其近义词代替。如在写Student Use of Computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在 最近10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”可以用decade表 示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用 其近义词表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, ri se, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。 这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”， 英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, viewas, regardas, consider(as)。又如另一个单词“目前，最近” ，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外， 同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。 对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词 的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如Owing a Car这 篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去 释义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不 论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径( 大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。 如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒 体的具体表现形式是TV，radio, newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为par t|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静 ，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象要想作文获得高分，显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。 首先，作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5，前面的10分钟用来读题审题 ，构思并列提纲，接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时 间安排是写出优秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。 其次，卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面，英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说，事不过三，超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是，每段开头都应该有缩进，留有两个单词的位置。再次，除了形式之外，作文 的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。这就要求考生 的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文，不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。 除了语言的地道外，还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列表示逻辑关系的连词，即路标 词来表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore,also, what"s more等。此外，还可 以用对等的句式结构，如for one thing, for another； On the one hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之，议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面：用 恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。要注意自然段与主题句的运用，即用自然段表现出文章 的逻辑性，并在每段中用主题句说明要点，给人一目了然的感觉。要注意句型结构，注意 每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接，使句意一环扣一环，避免松散。便条的写作便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容 ，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。作文中常用句套： 下文中出现的 A,B, “.”(某事物), "sb"( somebody), 要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换. 开头： When it comes to ., some think . There is a public debate today that . A is a commen way of ., but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.  提出观点： Now there is a growing awareness that. It is time we explore the truth of . Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible. 进一步提出观点： . but that is only part of the history. Another equally important aspect is . A is but one of the many effects. Another is . Besides, other reasons are. 提出假想例子的方式： Suppose that. Just imagine what would be like if. It is reasonable to expect. It is not surprising that. 举普通例子： For example(instance),. . such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) A good case in point is. A particular example for this is. 引用： One of the greatest early writers said . "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of . ".". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise.). ".". How often we hear such words like there. 讲故事 （先说故事主体），this story is not rare. ., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ., the story still has a realistic significance. 提出原因： There are many reasons for . Why . , for one thing,. The answer to this problem involves many factors. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves . The first reason can be obiviously seen. Most people would agree that. Some people may neglect that in fact . Others suggest that. Part of the explanation is . 进行对比： The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of. Although A enjoys a distinct advantage . Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned. A maybe . , but it suffers from the disadvantage that. 承上启下： To understand the truth of ., it is also important to see. A study of . will make this point clear让步： Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as. I do not deny that A has its own merits. 结尾： >From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that . In summary, it is wiser . In short. 在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中， 常见的使用形式如下： One of the greatest early writers said . "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of . ".". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise.). ".". How often we hear such words like there. Useful quotations 逆境 by Robert Collier In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time. 努力与成功 by Ann Landers Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them. 坚持 by Ralph Waldo Emerson No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves. Confucius 孔子 Our greatest glory is not in never falling. but in rising every time we fall. 坚持 Mother Teresa To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it. Henry Ford Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs. Winston Churchill Never, never, never, never give up. Albert Einstein In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity. 努力与成功 by Crassus Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly. Thomas Edison There is no substitute for hard work. Leo Tolstoi The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience. Thomas Jefferson I'm a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work. the more I have of it. Robert Collier Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out. Ray A. Croc Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get. 实际经验与间接经验 You'll learn more about a road by traveling it. than by consulting all the maps in the world. 动机与结果 Vince Lombardi Winning isn't everything. but wanting to win is. 专心-专注-专业