高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧讲解(共8页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧讲解年份素材话题体裁题型分布标题段首段中段尾2013商务以及商务管理的定义说明文00322014如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文01402015重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施说明文20302016（一模）如何通过度假来释放工作的压力说明文01402016（二模）独处并不代表孤独说明文0140什么是说明文？说明文是一种以说明为主要的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文的中心鲜明突出，文章具有科学性，条理性，语言确切生动。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词等。说明文有的是以时间为序，有的是以空间为序；有的由现象写到本质，有的由主写到次；有的按工艺流程顺序来说明，有的按事物的性质、功用、原理等顺序来说明。常见的说明方法有、（作图表）等。（源自百度百科）一根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1) 空格为标题标题的特点就是短小精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句（2015年全国卷I）Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37. Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.2)空格出现在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。（2014年全国卷I）4. Self Expression40 there are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting, drawing,building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.3)空格出现在段中 这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。（2016广州二模）Alone But Not LonelyWe often fill loneliness with all types of unsatisfying activities. Young people would rather spend a Friday night out with strangers，than spend the night alone. Theyre looking for a way to kill time while they await true friendship. Then there are young adults in gangs where they dont really like their companions. 39 Why does being alone scare us?Do not be afraid of silence. 40 It teaches you how to truly listen. It teaches you to pay attention to whats going on inside of you. Only when we are alone can we have the space and peace we need to think without being outwardly influenced. It therefore becomes easier to make important decisions as well as to reflect on how we are feeling.ALoneliness is therefore a feeling that can be experienced whether or not one is physically alone.BThey would rather feel accepted on a shallow level than risk feeling alone.CThe problem of loneliness can be easily solved in a modem world.DBut, when doing so, the main thing we are trying to avoid is loneliness.EIn the country, people are quiet but few are lonely.FIt can provide you with amazing benefits.GIt guides you through hardships.4)空格出现在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 18 A.Use words, not complete sentences. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 二根据不同的衔接手段确定解题策略 词汇连接1. 代词   英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例1Homework is an important part of a students education. 19 . They worry that a lighter homework load will put kids at a disadvantage.A. If so, think again.B. There are a number of kids who have no homework.C. These numbers have remained the same since 1984.D. Teachers give two reasons for assigning a lot of homework.E. It is still an increase in the amount of time spent on homework.F. Some teachers argue that homework prepares kids for state tests and for college.G. For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50 minutes, and so on.2. 同义词/近义词   英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。例2Dont wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. 18 Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.A.Why should you forgive? B. How should you start to forgive? C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. D. Try to see things from you offenders angle. E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge. F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique. G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time. 3. 上下义词/同一范畴词 所谓上下义词就是指前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。如apple和orange之间则同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 例3 18 Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit C. They found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging. 4)数字线索 包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如numbers, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。例4Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores. 17 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruitA. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit C. They found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging. .逻辑衔接 1. 并列与递进关系 标志词： and, or, also, neithernor, eitheror, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way等 例1Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 19 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. A.Some people dont like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world. 2. 转折让步关系   标志词：but, however, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of 等例2Most businesses seek to make a profit that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 16 . Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals. D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. G. Planning in business management has three main aspects3. 因果关系   前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：because, for, since, as, consequently, be due to, for this reason 等。例3Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 17 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do. A.You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 4. 时间关系   标志词： at first, at last, finally, firstly, to start with,later, next, second, secondly, then等例4At first I was paid in candy. 17 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. A.Later I received 50 cents an hour. B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself. C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. E. My grandmas trust taught me how to handle responsibility. F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before. G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 七选五解题技巧一根据试题所在位置确定不同；1) 空格为标题，多为名词性短语或祈使句2)空格出现在段首 ，通常是段落主题句3)空格出现在段中，要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。4)空格出现在段尾 ，通常是结论、概括性语句。二根据不同的衔接手段1词汇连接1)  代词   2) 同义词/近义词   3) 上下义词/同一范畴词 4) 数字线索2.逻辑衔接 1). 并列与递进关系 2). 转折让步关系   3). 因果关系   4). 时间关系   【综合练习】2015年全国卷IBuilding Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37. Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.2014年全国卷IThe jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 . By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1.CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37. Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ?” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? 2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new 38. There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.Personal skillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know whats going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 . “Why do you think shes crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self Expression 40 there are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting, drawing,building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.专心-专注-专业