祈使句详解及练习(共10页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语祈使句（Imperative Sentence）一、 定义用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校代法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：Go and wash your hands.（去洗你的手。命令）Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.）（请安静。请求）Be kind to our sister.（对姊妹要和善。劝告）Watch your steps.（走路小心。警告）Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句）Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪。禁止）No parking.（禁止停车。禁止）祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯你去告诉他。）二、表现形式肯定结构:1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!练习：将下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 请照看好您的包。 _.2. 让我们去学校吧! _!3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! _!4. 不要把书放这儿。 _.5. 不要让猫进来。 _.Key:1. Please look after your bag 2. Let's go to school3. Be glad, dear 4. Don't put the book here5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in"let"带头的祈使句由"let"带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：1.表示“建议”。 这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如：(1) Let me try.(2) Let's do it.(3) Let me go and look for it.这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:(4) a. Don't disturb him. b. Let's not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如： (5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) Let her join our choir.3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如： (7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. (8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点："let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let.not" （见例(10)）： (9) Don't let this type of things happen again. (10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain."Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted."Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等： (13) Let the puppy out. (14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (16) Let me alone, please.用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Let us"时，并不包括对方，如： (17) Let's go，shall we？咱们去吧，怎么样？ (18) Let us go，will you？请（你）让我们去吧，行吗？（征求第三者的意见）从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。1.含有第二人称主语的祈使句Be careful！小心！Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。2.肯定的祈使句a.句型：动词原形.（省略主语）Stand up.起立。Be quiet，please.请安静。b.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加doDo sit down.务必请坐。Do study hard.一定要努力学习。比较祈使句和陈述句陈述句：You sit down.你坐下来。祈使句：Sit down.坐下（省略主语you）c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。Go this way，please.请这边走。d.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。Li Ming，come here.李明，过来。Come here，Li Ming.过来，李明。3.否定的祈使句句型：Don't +动词原形Don't swim in the river.别在河里游泳。Don't be late.别迟到。Please don't be noisy.请不要大声喧哗。*注意表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词V-ing”来表示。No smoking!禁止吸烟！No parking!禁止停车！No entry!不准入内！No litter!不准乱扔杂物！英语祈使句句型转换祈使句与陈述句的改写1祈使句=You must （陈述句） Come here .过来。 =You must come here .你必须过来。2Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ?（陈述句） Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me?你愿意帮我的忙吗？ Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ?请你准时到好吗？3.含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句Let's say good-by here.我们在此道别吧。 Don't let him do that again.别让他再那么做了。（1）肯定的祈使句 句型：·Let+第一人称（me，us）. ·Let+第三人称代词（宾格：him，her，it，them）或名词. Let's go at once.咱们马上动身吧。 Let me try again.让我再试试。 Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆自己去那儿。 （2）否定的祈使句 句型：·Let's +not +动词原形. ·Don't let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形. Let's not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。 Don't let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。句型转换祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。祈使句：Use your head and you'll find a way.条件句：If you use your head，you'll find a way.祈使句变反意疑问句的方法：1.祈使句后的反意疑问句形式a.Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you .Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.如:Have a rest , will you . Stand up , will (won't) you .*注意回答Let's的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用NO，let's not.语法练兵场单项选择1. The TV is too loud. Please_. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it2. _ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not3. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't4. Please help me carry it, _? A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we5. Don't make so much noise, _? A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you6. Do you know the girl _under the tree? A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood7. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing8. _ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell9. I've kept the dog _Maomao for a long time. A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name10. Don't you know that _ is good for our health? A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims 句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句） _ _ again more slowly, please.12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句） _ _ me, or Ill go.13. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句） Let's watch the sports games, _ _?14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）_ _careless, please.15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_ _ next to Nancy.16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）Don't forget to turn off the lights, _ _?17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）_ _, or you'll die.18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow, _ _?19. 这是一个碎了的杯子。 （翻译句子）This is a _ _.20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子）Let's go and help the _ _, please.  Key  1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Dont be 15. Dont sit16. will you 17. Dont move 18. will / wont you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl 专心-专注-专业