2017高考英语短文改错技巧(共22页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 高考短文改错技巧短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。通过对近三年的短文改错题的分析，可以预测2017年短文改错的命题趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面：1命题难度基本保持稳定，体裁多以贴近学生生活的记叙文、应用文为主。文章一般为100词左右。2错误设置类型相对稳定，常见类型有：错词、多词、少词。3考查内容覆盖面广，分布合理，但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语动词到各类词法(包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、关联词等)、句法等，均有所考查。4考查考生对文章中心思想的把握，以及对文章的整体理解与结构的分析判断。【考点概览】1， 名词：主要是查名词是否可数， 与其修饰语是否一致。eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.    Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。   2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。   3) Reading books is one of my hobby.      one of 后的名词应用复数形式。2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.  2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.    先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改 错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter为可数名词,故write后应加a.       2) I like playing the football.  去the         3) He is a honest boy.    a改为an4，介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、 形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.     3) Under the help of my father, I       under  改为 with     4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday.   in 改为on5， 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此处有Ive ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy.   easy 改为easily.4) These books are very worth reading.   用well 修饰6，连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否 符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.         由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。         2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.       根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。7，动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误 包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动 词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。1) 动词的时态、语态错误 a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.  根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.     playing改为 play;  for 改为with2) 易混动词使用错误a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen.    persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he   didnt listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.b. You please rise your hands.         rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用  raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。3) 非谓语动词使用错误a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.          look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.8，词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.        To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005)此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：   not only but also为固定结构，故将and 改为but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构6) He spends too much time play games.spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构一、谓语动词考点1时态前后不一致 典例1 When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.(2015·全国)分析：整个语境讲的就是过去的事情，所以think也是当时的想法，故应该用一般过去时。故think改为thought。典例2 In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees.(2015·浙江)分析：从前一句中的it was到后面一句的there was可以判断整个语境应该是一般过去时，所以将is改为was。考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误典例1 We must found ways to protect our environment.(2015·全国)分析：情态动词must后应该跟动词原形，句中we与find之间为主谓关系，所以found应改为find。典例2 So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.(2014·大纲全国)分析：able是形容词不能直接作谓语动词，其前应加be，be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。考点3语态错误典例1 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015·全国)分析：studies与show之间为主动关系，所以应该去掉been。典例2 Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015·全国)分析：was scared与begun为并列谓语，scared为形容词，表示过去的动作或状态，begin的过去式是began，所以begun改为began。考点4主谓不一致典例1 My dream school look like a big garden.(2014·新课标全国)分析：整篇短文的语境为一般现在时，而且主语为第三人称单数My dream school，因此谓语动词应用looks。典例2 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(2014·辽宁)分析：本句主语为The early morning barking，baking为不可数名词作主语，故谓语动词have应改为has。考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气典例1 If you are me，would you talk to them？(2015·四川)分析：“如果你是我”这个假设一定是虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，所以are改为were。典例2 My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last.My attitude changed from then on.(2012·新课标全国)分析：must必须，一定，用在此处语境不合适。句意为：同时，我发现耐心一些，我可以让我的玩具持久些。所以应用could/might。方法归纳：做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面： (1)判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用 (2)and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致 (3)除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致 (4)看是否考查虚拟语气 (5)看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词 (6)看动词的形式是否正确，尤其看第三人称单数形式是否错用 (7)看主动语态和被动语态是否错用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.2My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.3Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.4I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.5Suddenly.they were looked like rain！二、非谓语动词考点1动词不定式 典例1 Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015·四川)分析：want后跟带to的不定式作宾语。故want与动词share之间加to。典例2 The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江)分析：使役动词make后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即make sb. do sth.，表示“使某人做某事”，故felt改为feel。考点2动词的­ing形式典例1 After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(2015·全国)分析：从后面的谓语动词可知整个语境用的是一般过去时。所以在looks前面加主语是不行的，所以只能改为非谓语动词作after的宾语。故looks改为looking。典例2 Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013·新课标全国)分析：分析句式结构可知句子的主语为Have tea in the late afternoon，所以应该用动名词形式作主语，即把Have 改为Having。考点3动词的过去分词典例 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012·陕西)分析：此处考查的是with复合结构，photos与take在逻辑上是动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词。故把taking改为taken。改错(每小题1处错误)1Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.2I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.3I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.4My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！5One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.6It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.方法归纳：句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动词形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意一下几个方面：(1)作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为­ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为­ing形式了。(2)熟记其后只能接­ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。(3)介词后要用动词的­ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。(4)一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。(5)根据非谓语动词或其逻辑主语的关系来确定用­ing形式还是用­ed形式。(6)别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。三、名词考点1单复数或所有格错误典例1 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015·全国)分析：由后面的定语从句we breathe可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。典例2 One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(2015·全国)分析：从后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的商店，后文两次出现parents，所以应该将parent改为parents。典例3 When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.(2011·新课标全国)分析：根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家”(my friends)，他借给我许多衣服。故friend应改为friends。考点2词性转换错误典例1 This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013·新课标全国)分析：定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。典例2 He has ruined his healthy.(2013·辽宁)分析：在形容词性的物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。方法归纳：遇到名词首先注意区分名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格。常考考点如下：(1)在several，few，many，one of，a couple of，three，one and a half，a large number of，scores of，dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数(2)像advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数(3)该用名词的所有格，而没有用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.2My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.3Mum taught me some basic step of baking.4Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.5No one in the carriage had previously spoken to or even noticed the ticket­owner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.四、形容词与副词考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆典例1 Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(2015·全国)分析：名词前应该用形容词作定语。故seriously应改为serious。典例2 Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015·全国)分析：worried为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以应将terrible改为terribly。考点2形、副词错用典例1 Nearly five years before，and with the help of our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.(2014·新课标全国)分析：相对于说话时以前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故before改为ago。典例2 As a result，the plants are growing somewhere.(2014·新课标全国)分析：somewhere意为“某处”，而根据句意“植物到处生长”。故somewhere应改为everywhere。考点3修饰词错用或多余典例1 Much rare animals are dying out.(2015·全国)分析：animals为可数名词复数形式，所以用many修饰，much只能修饰不可数名词。故Much改为Many。典例2 He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(2015·全国)分析：此处为so.that句式，所以much前用副词so修饰。故去掉very 考点4比较等级误用典例1 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015·陕西)分析：由该句中的in the world以及前面的the可知此处应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。典例2 To make matters bad，now I have to share a room with my younger sister，Maggie.(2013·浙江)分析：to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是，为固定搭配。故bad改为worse。考点5分词化形容词混用典例1 I am awfully tiring，but I know Ill never fall asleep.(2013·浙江)分析：由句意知，“我感到非常疲乏”，应用tired。故tiring应改为tired。典例2 Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.(2012·重庆)分析：对感兴趣，应该用interested。故interesting应改为interested。方法归纳：对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点：(1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加more(4)注意many，much，(a) few，(a) little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修饰词的用法。改错(每小题1处错误)1On the left­hand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.2I thought the biscuits were really well.3That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.4Dont panic or get out of line and try to remain quiet and calmly. 五、代词考点1人称不一致典例1 We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.(2015·全国)分析：从整个语境以及句子的主语来看应该把your改为our才能讲得通，也可以改为the。典例2 Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015·浙江)分析：with复合结构是作定语修饰park的，所以这里的代词是指的单数可数名词park，故them应改为单数it。考点2代词混用典例1 My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.(2014·陕西)分析：从My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird可知，射出去的箭不仅仅两支，因此应把Neither改为None。典例2 He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town.(2013·新课标全国)分析：当宾语和主语是一个人时，宾语一般用反身代词形式，此句的主语which指的是前面的整个句子，所以应把himself改为him。考点3漏掉代词典例 Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.(2015·全国)分析：句意为：5分钟后，Tony看见了他的父母。所以没有限定词his句意不够完整。故在parents前加上his。方法归纳：对于代词的考查，要注意一下几点：(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文，要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致关系。(2)注意人称代词格的误用，以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用。(3)系统掌握it的各种用法。(4)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。改错(每小题1处错误)1I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.2Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. 3In fact，I dont like to go anymore，but Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.What do you think I should do？If you were me，would you talk to him？4We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure.5Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.六、关联词及行文逻辑考点1关联词使用不典例1 After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国)分析：句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完整，不缺少成分，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。故去掉where或将where改为that。典例2 There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015·全国)分析：两个简单句之间为并列关系而非选择关系，所以将or改为and。考点2多余或缺少连词典例1 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014·新课标全国)分析：在让步状语从句中，although不可以与but连用，因为although位于句首，故只能去掉but或将but改为yet。典例2 He had a deep voice，which set him apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.(2013·新课标全国)分析：句中which引导的是定语从句，修饰主句He had a deep voice，而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词，根据他们的并列关系，确定he前加and。考点3介词与连词混用典例 In fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013·新课标全国)分析：句中during为介词，不可以连接两个独立谓语的句子，根据逻辑关系，后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。方法归纳：对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误(2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用(4)注意but与and，and与or，or与so，after与before，which与that，which与what等连词的用法区别。改错(每小题1处错误)1How do you think I should do？2My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.3In fact，I dont like to go anymore，so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.4If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forge