小学升初中英语总复习资料(共9页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学升初中英语总复习资料一、大写字母的运用1.句首第一个字母大写。2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。3.星期、月份的首字母大写。4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位,首字母大写。5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等,首字母大写或全大写。6.句中要强调的部分通常全大写。7.诗的每一行首字母要大写。二、与字母发音相同的单词如:Bb-bee, Cc-see/sea, Rr-are, Tt-tea, Ii-I/eye, Oo-oh, Uu-you, Yy-why.三、缩略形式如:Im = I am, youre = you are, shes = she is/she has, wont=will not, cant =can not, isnt=is not, let's = let us.四、同音异形词如:to/too/two, their/there, right/write, pair/pear, four/for, know/no, sun/son.五、反义词如:day-night, come-go, yes-no, up-down, big-small. short-longtall,fat-thin,low-high, slow-fast,六、名词复数的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds. 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches. 3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i, 再加es,如:family-families, hobby-hobbies. 4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加es,如:thief-thieves, knife-knives.5.以o结尾,加es,如:mango-mangoes. 加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.6.不规则变化,如:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth. 7.不可数名词有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice等。(不可数名词相对应的be动词是is/was)七、名词所有格表示人或物品所属关系时,就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则:1.一般情况下,在名词的末尾加s构成。如:Toms book2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加。如:our teachers books3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如:Su Hai and Su Yangs bedroom八、a, an和the的用法1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U”.单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F”.2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。九、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词:1.人称代词分为第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。2.人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外)。3.人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。4.人称代词能代替表示人称的名词。物主代词:1.表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。2.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词也有人称和数的变化。3.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词所代表的事物是属于谁的。4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:This is my bag.= This is mine. 熟记人称代词和物主代词的绕口令:我是" I " ,你是“you","he, she, it" 他,她,它"我的“my”,你的"your",他的"his", 她的"her" 主 格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾 格meyouhimheritusyouthem形 物myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 物mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs十、形容词、副词的比较级1.形容词的比较级:用于两者的比较。(1)基本句式的构成:A(主格)+ be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B(宾格).(2)表示一样的情况时用原级,结构是:as + 原级 + as2.副词的比较级:(1)基本句式的构成:A(主格)+ 动词 + 副词的比较级 + than + B(宾格).(2)表示一样的情况时用原级,结构是:as + 原级 + as3.形容词、副词比较级的变化规则:(1)单音节词末尾加er;(2)单音节词如果以字母e 结尾,加r;(3)重读闭音节词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加er;(4)以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加er;(5)双音节和多音节词的比较级在原级前加more;(6)不规则变化, 如:well-better, much/many-more。十一、基数词和序数词1.one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth, forty-one-forty-first.序数词前一定要加the。2.基数词变成序数词的方法:(1)直接在基数词词尾加上th,如:seventh第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三;(2)以y结尾的基数词,变y为ie,再加上th,如:twentieth 第二十。(3)不规则变化,如:first 第一, second 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。(4)基数词“几十几”变为序数词时,表示“几十”的基数词不变,只把表示“几”的基数词变成序数词,如twenty-first 第二十一。3.序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字和序数词的最后两个字母构成的,如:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th。十二、be动词(am, is, are)1.口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。2.否定形式:am not(没有缩写形式), is not=isnt, are not=arent。3.过去式:am/is(was), are(were)。十三、情态动词(can,must,could,would,may,shall,should)1.情态动词后面用动词原形。2.其否定形式是在情态动词的后面加not。十四、助动词(do, does, did)1.do, does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用do。2.did用于一般过去时。3.它们的否定形式为:do not=dont, does not=doesnt. did not=didnt.十五、介词in的用法:1.用在某范围或某空间内,如:in the desk2.在一段时间内,如:in the morning3.以,用方式,如:in Englishin和on的区别:树上长出来的用on,不是树上长出来的则用in。in, on, at的区别:in, on, at都可以用来放在时间前面,但是in后面一般是morning,afternoon,evening,月份、年份、季节或者指某一段时间内;on用在具体某一天,如:on Sunday morning;at一般用在某个假期期间(不是指具体的某一天),它还可以用在具体的时间,如:at Spring Festival, at five oclock.小学英语教材中出现的介词有:in, on, from, of, by, about, for, under, behind, after, before, with, near, off, at, to, around, nearby等。十六、特殊疑问词 疑 问 词意 思用 法when什么时间问时间who谁问人whose谁的问主人where在哪里问地点which哪一个问选择why为什么问原因what什么问东西what time什么时间问时间what colour什么颜色问颜色what about怎么样问意见what day星期几问星期what date什么日期问具体日期what for为何目的问目的how怎么样问情况how old多大问年龄how many多少问数量how much多少问价钱how about怎么样问意见how far多远问路程十七、there be结构与have, has的区别there be结构: 1.there be结构表示“某地存在着什么事物或人”。在一般现在时中,there be结构应该用there is 或there are 表示;在一般过去时中,there be结构则应该用there was或there were表示。2.主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is(was),是复数时用are(were)。3.there be结构遵循就近原则。4.在陈述句中为了强调地点,可将介词短语提到句首。5.否定句:在be动词后面加not,如果句中有some,要变成any。6.一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾改成问号。7.What is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)there be结构与have, has的区别:there be 表示某地存在着什么事物或人;have(has) 表示某物或人拥有某物。十八、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now连用,当句首有look, listen时,也用现在进行时。2现在进行时肯定句的基本结构为:主语+ be动词+动词的现在分词(doing,即动词的ing形式)(1)其中be动词随着主语的变化而变化,be动词包括am, is, are。(2)动词现在分词的变化规则:A 一般情况下,直接在动词后加ing,如:cook-cooking. B 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e后加ing,如:make-making, dance-dancing. C 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写末尾字母后加ing, 如:run-running, swim-swimming.D 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ing, 如:lie-lying, die-dying.3现在进行时的否定句:在be动词后面加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾改成问号。十九、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示一般情况下经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 usually, sometimes, often, always等词连用。2.一般现在时的谓语动词为be动词时,be的变化遵循“我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are”的规律。3.一般现在时的谓语动词为其它动词时,当主语为第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。4.动词第三人称单数的变化规则:(1)一般的动词,直接在词尾加s,如:cook-cooks, like-likes. (2) 以s,x,sh,ch,o等结尾的动词,加es,如:wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does. (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i, 再加es,如:study-studies.(4)不规则变化,如:have-has.5.一般现在时的变化:(1)be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是一名工人。一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它? 如:Are you a student? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Where is my bike? (2)行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't like PE. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它? 如:Do you often play chess? 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:Does she like PE? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:How does your father go to work? 二十、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示在过去的某一时间里发生的事情,我们用动词的过去式来表示。常与yesterday, last night,just now, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。2.be动词在一般过去时中的变化:(1)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)(3)带有was或were的句子,其否定句、疑问句的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were提到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子:否定句:didnt +动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形,如:Did Jim go home yesterday?4.动词过去式变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后面加ed,如:cook-cooked.(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,只加d,如:taste-tasted.(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i,再加ed,如:study-studied.(4) 以重读闭音节或r结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个字母后再加ed,如:stop-stopped.(5)不规则变化,如:go-went, sit-sat.二十一、一般将来时1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。2.基本结构:(1)be going to do sth.(2)will do sth.3.否定句:在be动词(am, is, are, was, were)或will后加not。4.一般疑问句:把be动词或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换。二十二、some /any肯定句:I have some toys in my bedroom.一般疑问句和否定句中:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He doesnt have any pencils in his pencil case.表示建议、请求等:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps?二十三、祈使句Sit down, please.Dont open the door.Lets go to the park.时态小学阶段一共学了四种时态,分别是:一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,一般过去时。下面我们一一进行总结。1、 一般现在时A、表示不受时限的客观存在如:He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse. This is a dog. I have a story-book.B、表示现在的习惯动作,即指现在经常发生的动作,一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) , always(总是,一直) , never(从不) 如:I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school. Mike watches TV every day. I usually play computer games on the weekend. C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作如:How are you? You look happy. Whats the matter with you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken. 注意 英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时,须在词尾加-s 或 -es。例如:I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母结尾的。如:watches , teaches , goes , washes 2、 一般将来时表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。注意 一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构:be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点 will + 动词的原形 例句: Im going to go shopping this afternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky. 3、 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。注意它的构成是:be的现在时形式(am , is , are)加动词的ing形式。如:What are you doing? Im writing a letter. What are they doing? Theyre swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book. 注意 动词的ing形式的构成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting、一般过去时主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系,它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如:I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TV yesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test. 注意一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式,动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed;如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d;如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (play、stay除外) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped 、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read , fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt注意句子的形式:1、 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom.Im going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00.Im reading a book. They are swimming.I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not four fans in our classroom.Im not going to buy a comic book tonight. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00.Im not reading a book. They are not (arent) swimming.I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isnt,arent”,但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont). Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如:What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? Its Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? Im fine. / Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少?How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少?How many + 名词复数 + are there? 有多少?一 用适当的代词填空:1. Are those trousers? No, arent . are blue.(they)2. Tom, wheres bike? Is this black bike ? No, it isnt .(my,mine,your,yours)3. Whats the womans name? name is Gao Hui. is an English teacher.(she,her,his,shes)4. are twins, names are Lucy and Lily. look like parents.(they)5. am an English teacher. name is Ma Ying.( I )6. is good friend. all like .(he,him,we,you,our)7. Can help ? Yes, can.(her,she,I,you)8. Give an apple, please. Which one is ? The small one is .(he)Where is photo? Is that yours? No, thats not . is black.( I )9. Li Ming and I are boys. are good friends. parents are all teachers.10. Ann and you are girls. are English. Chinese teacher is Mrs. Wang.11. This is classroom. is small. But is big.(ours,their,theirs)12. These are grapes. Please put on the table.(it,they,them)13. is young. Let help .(she,her,hers,we,us)14. have some pen-friends. like to write to .(I,me,they,them,their)二、Fill in the blank with "have,has"or "there is , there are"1.I_a good father and a good mother.2._a telescope on the desk.3.He_a tape-recorder.4._a basketball in the playground.5.She_some dresses.6.They_a nice garden. 7.What do you_?8._a reading-room in the building?1. The football under the table is_ (he).2. Helen_ (visit) her grandparent on Sunday.3. Did you_ (watch) a film last week .4. I'd like_ (have) a party.5. They are_ (water) flowers at home .6. We _ (milk) cows ahd picked apples on a farm .7. Helen's family_ (be) at home last Sunday .8. Please open_ (they) for _ (I ).9. The new mirror is_ (she).10. Jim likes _ (watch) TV very much .11. They_ (go) to a farm on Christmas Day .12. _ (do) Ben and Mike_ (go) to school together ?13. SuYang is_ (look) for_ (she) camera now .14. New Year's Day is_ (come).15. We_ (help) her with _ (do) housework just now .16. She_ (like) _ (listen) to music.17. People_ (go) to the park every morning .18. Listen! The girl _ (sing) over there .19. Mike _ (have)a blue ballnoon. And I (have) a green one .20. There_ (be) some bread on the plate .Can I_ (have) some ?21. Lets _ (cle