2016人教版七下英语知识点(共10页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1Can you play the guitar?I.情态动词 概念:情态动词表示说话人对所说动作的_。如: 需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。 特点:形式上没有_和_的变化,有的没有_变化;不能单独作_语,因为情态动词本身词义_ ;必须和不带“_”的_连用。 否定式: 情态动词的否定式一般为在其后加_。 一般疑问式: 一般疑问句通常将其提到_。. 情态动词can的用法A. 意义1. 表示_。如: He can speak English very well.他英语说得很好。She can sing some English songs.她会唱几首英文歌曲。2. 表示_。如: You can play the violin after school every day. 每天下课后你可以拉小提琴。Students cant take cell phones or Mp3 players to school. 学生不允许带手机或MP3到学校。3. 表示_。如: Can you tell me an English story? 你能给我讲个英语故事吗?Could you help me with my English? 你能帮我学英语吗? 温馨提示: 上句中的could 是can 的过去式,用在一般现在时的句子中,表示比can更客气的请求。4. can't 表示_ 。如: Is that Mr. Smith? 那是史密斯先生吗? That can't be him. He is in New York now.那不可能是他。他现在在纽约呢。B. 句型变化肯定句: He can play the drums.否定句: He _play the drums.一般疑问句:_he _the drums? 两种回答:Yes, he _ /No, he _对画线部分提问:_ _he play?Unit 2What time do you go to school?. 一般现在时态特殊疑问句的结构1. 结构: 特殊疑问词 be 主语?特殊疑问词 助动词do/does 主语 实义动词+ ?When/What time is the party? When do you go to school? What time does he go to work? 常用的特殊疑问词:_ /_ _ (什么时候), _ (什么地方), _ (谁), _ (谁的), _ (如何)。2. 对画线部分提问: (1)They get dressed at_six._ _ _ they get dressed? (2)She takes a walk at_nine._ _ she _ a walk? (3)He usually swims in_the_lake._ _ he _ ?(4)Jack goes to school on_foot. _ _ Jack _ to school?温馨提示: what time 对具体某一时刻进行提问;when 对笼统时间进行提问。. 英语时间表示法1. 使用数字(_ 数 _数)。如: 7:20seven twenty ; 8: 55eight fifty¬five。2. 使用介词 (past或to)。 当分钟数30分钟时,使用介词_ , “分钟数 past 小时数”。如: 9:10ten minutes past nine; 10: 30half past ten; 当分钟数30分钟时,使用介词_ ,“(60分钟数) to (小时数1)”。 如: 11: 40twenty minutes to twelve.温馨提示: (1)特殊时间段的表示法: 30分钟可以使用_代替;15 分钟可以使用_代替。如: 5: 30 half past five; 9: 45a quarter to ten。(2)在某一时刻使用介词_ 。(3)提问时间使用: “What time is it?” 或“What's the time?” . 英语中的频度副词的用法英语中常用的频度副词及含义: _(总是;一直), _ (通常), _ (从来没有),_ (有时候) 等,常用在行为动词前。如: I usually take a walk after dinner.晚饭后我经常散步。He never goes to school late.他上学从不迟到。They sometimes eat lunch at school.他们有时候在学校吃午饭。Unit 3How do you get to school?. how引导的一般现在时态的特殊疑问句1. 特殊疑问词how提问动作的_。如: How do you go to school? “你如何上学呢?” I ride my bike to school. “我骑自行车去上学。”2. 表达动作行为的方式, 使用动词take (乘坐)、ride (乘车) 、walk(步行)、fly(乘飞机)等;使用介词by等。主语 take/ride/walk/fly to 地点主语 go to 地点 by 交通工具。 如: (1) He takes the plane to Beijing. He _ _Beijing. He goes to Beijing by _.(2) She walks to school. She goes to school _ _. how far 与 how long的区别how far是提问两地之间的_,how long 用来提问 _或某个事物的_。如: It is five kilometers from my home to my school. (距离)_ _ is it from your home to your school? The river is 1,000 kilometers long. (距离) _ _ is the river? The meeting is 2 hours. (时间段) _ _ is the meeting? . hundred的两种用法1. hundreds of 名词复数,“数以百记的,成百上千的,”表示一种“_”;2. 数字 hundred 名词复数, “百”,表示“_”。如: There are hundreds of people on the island. 岛屿上有成百上千的人。He has five hundred interesting books. 他有五百本有趣的书籍。Unit 4Dont eat in class!.祈使句定义: 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫_句。时态: 使用_时态。结构: 动词原形其他成分 please. 否定祈使句在动词原形前面加_ 。如: Be quiet in the classroom, please. 在教室里请保持安静。Don't fight. 不要打架.情态动词have to 和must 1.情态动词have to和must都表示“_”的意思。have to 表示从_条件上来看必须做某事;must表示说话人_必须要做某事。如: There is no bus, you have to walk home. 没有公共汽车,你必须走回家。(没有公交车是客观条件)I must study English well. 我必须学好英语。(想学好英语是一种主观想法)我必须要学好英语。2.have to有_、_和_的变化,而must 只有一种形式。如: He has to stay at home, it's raining.他必须待在家中,下雨了。3.在否定结构中don't have to表示“_”, 而mustn't表示“_”。如: You don't have to wait for him. 你没必要等他。 You mustn't play with fire. It's dangerous.你禁止玩火。那很危险。【练习吧】( )1. Can I go to the park, Mum? Certainly. But you _be back before six o'clock. A. can B. may C. might D. must( )2. You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. have to C. need D.had better( )3. _ come late to school tomorrow! A. Do B. Does C. Be D. Don'tUnit 5Why do you like pandas?.why引导的特殊疑问句特殊疑问副词why 在句子中用来提问_ 。结构: Why do(n't)/does(n't) 主语 其他? 回答: Why 引起的特殊疑问句只能用because来回答。如: Why do you like monkeys? 你为什么喜欢猴子?Because they are very clever.因为它们很聪明。. where 引导的特殊疑问句特殊疑问副词where 在句子中用来提问_。结构: Where be 主语 其他? Where do/does 主语 动词原形 其他? 如: Where are you from? 你来自哪里?I am from Shandong. 我来自山东。Where does Peter live? 彼得住在哪里?He lives in UK. 他住在英国。.否定疑问句 在本课中“Isn't she beautiful? ” 是否定疑问句。结构: 助动词与not的缩写式 主语 (实义动词) 其他? 回答: 回答时要“根据事实,前后一致,翻译相反”。如: It's raining all day. Isn't it boring? Yes, it is. I can't go out to play.“雨下了一整天了。难道不令人讨厌吗?”“不,是挺令人讨厌的。 我不能出去玩了。”【练习吧】( )1._are you from? I'm from Changchun. A. When B. Where C. Who D. How ( )2. _ are you late today? _ there is so much traffic on my way here. I can't drive my car fast. A. Why; because B. Where; because C. Why; for D. When; sinceUnit 6Im watching TV现在进行时态1.定义: 现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的 _或存在的_ 。2.构成: 助动词be(is/am/are) v. ¬ing。时间状语标志: now, at the moment, look, listen 或“It's某一时刻”等。3.句式结构: 肯定句: 主语 am/is/are v. ¬ing.否定句: 主语 am/is/are not v. ¬ing.一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are 主语 v. ¬ing? 肯定、否定回答: Yes, I am./No, I'm not.Yes, is./No, isn't.Yes, are./No, aren't.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 am/is/are 主语 v. ¬ing? 4. v. ¬ing的构成方法: 规则动词后加¬ing。如: watch _ ; read _ ; listen _ ; 以不发音字母e结尾的动词去掉e, 再加¬ing。 如: make _; use _; exercise _; live _;以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加¬ing。 如: put_; stop _; sit _; begin _。【练习吧】( )1. 2012衢州 Hush, be quiet! The baby _in the next room. Oh, sorry. A. sleeps B. slept C.is sleeping D. was sleeping( )2.2012广东 Don't bother him. He _to the weather report. He is leaving for another city. A. will listen B. is listening C.istens D. listenedUnit 7Its raining!.有关天气的表达: 询问天气的句型: How's the weather? What's the weather like? 常见天气的描述: 1. 晴朗: It's sunny./The sun is shining brightly. 2. 阴天: It's cloudy.3. 刮风: It's windy./The wind is blowing.4. 下雨: It's raining/rainy.5. 下雪: It's snowing/snowy.电话常用语1. 我是 This is (speaking)2. 你是吗? Is that (speaking)? 3. 是的,我就是。 Yes,speaking.4. 请问您是谁? Who is that speaking?5. 我可以和讲话吗? May I speak to ? 6. 他不在这儿。 He is not here.7. 我能给捎口信吗?Could I take a message for ? 8. 你能告诉他给我回电话吗?Could you tell him to call me back? 9. 当然,没问题。Sure,no problem.10. 别挂断。Hold on. 11. 请稍候。Just a moment, please.【练习吧】( )1.2012聊城 Hello, may I speak to John, please? _ A. Who are you? B. What's the matter? C. This is John speaking. D. He is John.( )2. May I speak to Annie, please? _. A. Yes, you're right B. Speaking C. Thank you D. She is fineUnit 8Is there a post office near here?1.there be 句型含义: there be 句型表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”。结构: There is/are 名词 地点状语。如: There is a park near here. 这附近有一座公园。There are many people on the street. 大街上有许多人。句式变化: 否定句: There is/are _ 名词地点状语;一般疑问句: _ there名词地点状语? 两种回答: Yes, there is/are. No, there isn't/aren't.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 is/are there ? 如: There is a bird in the tree. There isn't a bird in the tree. Is there a bird in the tree? Yes, there is./No, there isn't. What is in the tree? Where is the bird? 温馨提示: 1. there be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: There is a basketball in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。 There are many books on the desk. 桌子上有许多书。如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的 “_原则”。如: There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.篮子里有一个橙子和几个香蕉。There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.篮子里有几个香蕉和一个橙子。辨析: there be句型和have/has的区别there be句型表示 “存在,有”; have/has表示 “拥有,所有”,两者不能同时使用。如: There are three books on the desk.桌子上有三本书。I have three books.我有三本书。Unit 9What does he look like?.形容词的排列顺序在英语中,当名词有多个形容词修饰时,就有它们的先后顺序。下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序: 限定描绘大、长、高,形状、年龄和新老;颜色、国籍跟材料,作用、类别往后靠。注解1: “限定词”包括: 冠词、物主代词、指示代词和数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即: 前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。如: both my hands; all his income.注解2: “描绘”性形容词。如: beautiful、bad、cold、great等。注解3: “大、长、高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词;表示“形状”的词。如: round、square等;“国籍”表示一个国家或地区的词。表示“材料”的词。如: wooden, woolen, stone,silk等;表示“作用类别”的词。如: medical, college,writing desk,police car等。. 选择疑问句结构: 一般疑问句 or 选择部分?如: Is he tall or short? 他个子高还是矮? 回答: 选择疑问句的回答不同于一般疑问句,不能用yes/no来回答,而必须选择选项进行回答。如: Does he live in Beijing or Shanghai? 他住在北京还是上海?Beijing.北京。. 进行时态表将来 在英语中,表示计划、安排好的事情,可以使用进行时态表示将来要发生的动作;表示位移的动词(如:go, come, fly, leave, arrive等)的进行时态也可以表示将来。如: We are meeting at seven tonight. 我们今晚七点见面。 He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天要前往北京。 . 部分否定在英语中not和all, both, always, every在同一个句子中表示“部分否定”,即: 否定一部分而不是否定整体。如: Not everybody likes soccer. 不是每个人都喜欢足球。【练习吧】( )1. 2012铜仁 Is this a Chinese book or an English book? Oh._. A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn't C. An English book D. A music book( )2. 2012安徽 Let's discuss the plan, shall we? Not now. I_ to an interview. A. go B. went C. am going D. was goingUnit 10Id like some noodles.日常的餐桌用语1. 请给我菜单。May I have a _, please? 2. 我可以点餐了吗? May I _, please? 3. 我可以拿您的菜单了吗?May I _your order? 4. 在用晚餐前想喝些什么吗?Would you like something _ _ before dinner? 5. 餐厅有哪几种酒?What _of wine do you have? 6.“您想要什么型号的?”“中等的。”What _would you like? Medium,please.7. 餐厅有今日特餐吗? Do you have today's _? 8. 对不起,请你再拿一支叉子给我。 _ _, but could you bring me another fork, please? 9. 给我一个打包袋。 Can I have a food _? 10.我要买单。 Could I have the _, please? 11. 我可以用信用卡付账吗? Can I _by credit card? .名词的可数与不可数英语中的普通名词分为_名词和_名词。可数名词是指能以_来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;有复数形式,在句子中作主语时,谓语用_形式;单数名词前常用不定冠词a/an,在句子中作主语时,谓语用_形式。如: Children are fond of stories. 孩子们喜欢故事。There is an orange on the table. 桌上有个橙子。不可数名词是指不能以_来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个名词短语连用,如: a piece of paper 一张纸。 可数名词和不可数名词并不是固定不变的,同一个词在一种情况下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词。如: some glass (不可数)一些玻璃; a glass (可数)一只玻璃杯;Would you like some coffee? (不可数) 喝点咖啡好吗? Let me have a coffee. (可数) 给我一杯咖啡吧。【练习吧】( )1.2012衢州 What a hot day! I am a bit thirsty. Would you like some_? A. noodles B. meat C. water D.bread( )2.Well, my sons take great interest in most of the food on the menu. Thanks. _? Yes, fried fish, beef, chips and Coke, please. A. Can I do for you B. At your service C. What to follow D.Shall I take your orderUnit 11How was your school trip ?一般过去时态定义: 表示_某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语: _ (昨天),_(去年), _(三天前),_ (刚才), _ (在2000年)等。规则动词的过去式变化: 1. 一般情况下在动词原形后ed。 如: milk _; talk _; show_; pick _2. 以不发音e结尾的d。 如: live _ ; hope _ ; use _ ; arrive _ 。3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写末尾仅有的辅音字母,再ed。 如: stop _ ; plan _ ; drop _ 。 4. 以辅音字母y结尾的,变y为ied。 如: study _ ; carry _ ; worry ; _ 。不规则动词的过去式变化: 专心-专注-专业1.go _ 2.ride _3.feed _ 4.take _5.do _ 6.say _7.see _ 8.grow _ 9.eat _ 10.have _11.buy _ 12.get _e _ 14.draw _ 15.know _ 16.teach _17.make_ 18.swim_19.bring _ 20.cut _ 21.drink _ 22.drive _ 23.feel _ 24.fight _ 25.find _ 26.fly _ 27.forget _ 28.hear _ 29.keep _ 30.wear _ 31.write _ 32. leave _ 33.let _ 34. lose _ 35.meet _ 36.pay _ 37.put _ 38.read _ 39.run _ 40.sell _ 41.sing _ 42.sit _ 43.sleep _ 44.speak _ 45.spend _ 46. stand _ 47 tell _ 48.think _Unit 12What did you do last weekend?.一般过去时态 谓语动词为be: 肯定句: 主语 was/were 其他. 否定句: 主语 was/were not 其他. 一般疑问句: Was/Were 主语 其他? 两种回答: Yes,was;No,wasn't. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词was/were 主语 其他? 谓语动词为实义动词: 肯定句: 主语 过去式 其他. 否定句: 主语 didn't 动词原形 其他一般疑问句: Did 主语动词原形 其他? 两种回答: Yes, did; No, didn't. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 did 主语动词原形 其他? 如: My weekend was pretty good. My weekend wasn't pretty good. Was your weekend pretty good? Yes, it was; No, it wasn't. How was your weekend? She went to Beijing last week. She didn't go to Beijing last week.Did she go to Beijing last week? Yes, she did; No, she didn't. Who went to Beijing last week? Where did she go last week? When did she go to Beijing? .感叹句 感叹句通常由what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。感叹句结构: 1.What 名词 陈述语序 What a形容词名词 陈述语序 What 形容词复数名词 陈述语序 What 形容词不可数名词 陈述语序2.How 形容词 a/an 名词 陈述语序 How形容词或副词 陈述语序 如: What noise they are making! What a