广东小升初英语专题教案讲义第五讲句子(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句)(共15页).docx
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第五讲 陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句【陈述句】1. 陈述句的概念(1)陈述句是用来叙述一个事实。其特点是句末用句号"."。(2)陈述句家族中有"两兄弟":老大是肯定句,老二是否定句。2. 陈述句的结构:主语+(+宾语):Sheisveryhappytoday.:主语+谓语+not+其他成分:Idontlikeswimming.老大肯定句,对人对事都持有肯定的态度,常说的三句话是:肯定式类型例子be动词型I am Tom. 我是汤姆。情态动词型I can cook the meals. 我会做菜。实义动词型I like playing football. 我喜欢踢足球。老二否定句,对人对事总是持有否定的态度,和大哥唱反调。老二常把大哥的话加上"不"字。否定式类型例子be动词型I am _ Tom. 我不是汤姆。情态动词型I can _ cook the meals. 我不会做菜。实义动词型I _ like playing football. 我不喜欢踢足球。3. 肯定句变为否定句肯定句否定句He is a doctor.He is not a doctor.Lily can swim.Lily can not swim.We often play football after school.We dont often play football after school.(1) 肯定句:主语+be+其他否定句:主语+be+_+其他(2)肯定句:主语+情态动词+其他否定句:主语+情态动词+_+其他(3)肯定句:主语+实义动词+其他否定句:主语+_+_+动词原形+其他注:第一人称改为_,some要改为_,and改为_。口诀:有be用be,有情用情;无be无情,借助动词。【疑问句】一、 一般疑问句(1)-IsMaryaJapanesegirl?-Yes,sheis./No,sheisnt.(2)CanLilyspeakChinese?-No,shecant./Sorry,Idontknow.(3)DoyoulikeEnglish?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.1. 一般疑问句的概念:用yes/no(或相当于yes/no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词,am/is/are还是do/does)如:(1)-Isyourfathergoodatswimming?Yes,he_./No,he_.(2)Doesyourbrotheroftenplaygames?Yes,he_./No,he_.2. 肯定句变一般疑问句肯定句一般疑问句She is from China._ _ from China?He can make toy cars._ _ make toy cars?Li Mei likes swimming._ Li Mei _ swimming?肯定句变疑问句三种句型:注:第一人称改为_,some要改为_,and改为_。口诀:有be用be,有情用情;无be无情,借助动词。二、特殊疑问句(1)-Whereishefrom?-HeisfromAmerica.(2)-Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?-Igotoschoolonfoot.(3)-Whenisyourbirthday?-MybirthdayisonJanuary13th.1. 特殊疑问句定义以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子,不用yes或no来回答。而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。Whatdayisittoday? _Howdoesyourfathergotowork? _2. 基本结构特殊疑问词一般疑问句常用的疑问词有:_(“7个W,1个H”)3. 肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)肯定句一般疑问句Pandas are from China._ _ Pandas from?He goes to work by car every day._ _ he _ to work?There are twenty boys in my class._ _ _are there in your class?(1) 特殊疑问句的基本结构:_+_.(2)步骤:先变一般疑问句找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。注意:1.一定先变一般疑问句。如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,语序不变。为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。如:Li mingisnotheretoday.(就划线部分提问)_isnotheretoday.4.常考的特殊疑问词_什么时间(问时间)what date 什么日期 问具体日期who 谁(问人)what place什么地点问具体地址_ 谁的 问主人_ 怎么样 问情况_ 在哪里 问地点how old 多大 问年龄_ 哪一个 问选择_ _ 多少 问数量_ 为什么 问原因_ _ 多少 问价钱_ 什么 问东西how about 怎么样 问意见_ _ 什么时间问具体时间_ _ 多远 问路程_ _ 什么颜色 问颜色_ _ 多长 问时间what about怎么样 问意见_ _ 多快,多久 问时间what day 星期几 问星期_ _多久 问频率如:(1)Thepupilsarehavingapicnicon the hill.(划线部分提问)_thepupilshavingapicnic?(2)ThisisLilysbook._isthis?4. 易混淆的特殊疑问词:(1)when和whattime都是问时间。但when对具体时间提出疑问,如inthemorning,lastSunday等;whattime则是具体几点钟提问。如:-_(When,Whattime)doyougotobedeverynight?-Atten.-_(When,Whattime)doyouhaveEnglishlesson?-OnFriday.(2)howmany和howmuch都是问的数量。但howmany+可数名词复数而howmuch+不可数名词,再者howmuch还可以问价格。_(Howmany,Howmuch)milkisthereinthecup?_(Howmany,Howmuch)teachersarethereinyourschool?6.特殊疑问句特殊用法:(1)询问天气:How+be动词+theweather.?=What+be动词+theweatherlike.?如:Howistheweathertoday?=What_theweather_today?(2)问职业:(三种问法,以you为例)Whatdoyoudo?=What_?=What _ _?注意:Whatdoyoudo?和Whatdoyouusuallydo?的区别(3)问某人或某物怎么了:Whats_you?=Whatsthematterwithyou?三、选择疑问句(1)-Isyourschoolbigorsmall? -Itisbig.(2)-Whichdoyouprefer,runningorswimming? -Ipreferswimming.1. 定义:选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分,以供选择,答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答2.分类:一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句。供选择的部分用or连接,前者读升调,后者读降调。(1)一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句:Areyouastudent?(一般疑问句)Areyouastudentorateacher?(选择疑问句)(2)特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句:Whatwouldyoulike?(特殊疑问句)Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?(选择疑问句)(3)ornot构成的选择疑问句:Doyouwanttobuyit?(一般疑问句)Doyouwanttobuyitornot?(选择疑问句)3. 回答:选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no。如:-Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?-Coffee./Ilikecoffee.四、 反义疑问句(1)Tomisagoodstudent,isnthe?(2)Janetcanswimverywell,cantshe?(3)Sallydidntdoherhomeworkyesterday,didhe?(4)Mybrotherwasveryhappyyesterday,wasnthe?1. 反意疑问句的概念(1)它表示提问者对某事物有一定的看法,但是没有把握,希望对方来证实。(2)构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述,称作陈述部分;另一部分是简短提问,称作疑问部分;(3)结构:陈述句+逗号+省略问句+问号注意:前后两部分要求人称、数、时态一致,遵循前肯后否,前否后肯的原则。2. 反意疑问句的反问部分的构成(1)谓语是be动词时:Theyareveryclever,_?Mymotherisateacher,_?(2)主句中有情态动词:Theywillplayfootballafterschool,_?Thebirdscanfly,_?(3)谓语是行为动词时:Itoftenrainshere,_?Shesawafilmyesterday,_?口诀:前肯后否,前否后肯,无be无情借助动词,时态保持一致。3. 特殊情况(1)陈述部分是this或that,疑问部分改为it,无论是否指人;前部分是these或those,则改为they;陈述部分为Iam形式时,疑问部分应用arent I。Thatisapen,_?Thosearelovelycats,_?Imright,_?(2)陈述部分是therebe句型时,疑问部分用be there结尾,将来时用will there。Therearetwowindowsinmyroom,_?Therewillafootballmatchtomorrow,_?(3)祈使句的反意疑问句除了Lets用shallwe,其它用willyou。Openthedoorplease,_?Dontsmokehere,_?Letsgotoschooltogether,_?注意:Lets表示建议,包括听话人在内,用shallweLetus表示允许,不包括听话人在内,用willyou(4)陈述部分有否定词:seldom,no,not,never,nothing,nobody,few,little,hardly等时,疑问部分用肯定式。Sheisneverlateforschool,_?Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,_?Hehasfewfriends,_?Thereisnobodyintheclassroomnow,_?(5)当陈述句的主语为everything,nothing,anything,something等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分代词通常用it来代替。Everythingisready,_?(6)当陈述句的主语为everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,noone,somebody等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分代词通常用they 来代替,但亦可用he,尤其是nobody,noone等作主语,具有否定概念时。Everyonelikestheboy,_?Somebodyisnthere,_?Nobodywantstogothere,_?(7)以Ithink开头时,去掉Ithink再考虑。以Idontthink开头时,同样去掉Ithink再考虑,但切记把not还原到后面。Ithinkyouareright,_?IthinkLucyisagoodgirl,_?Idontthinkheisright,_?4. 反意疑问句的回答反意疑问句的回答,要以事实为依据,与说话人的看法无关。如事实是肯定的,用yes作肯定回答,反之,用no作否定回答。-Heisaworker,isnthe?(事实肯定)-Yes,heis.-Shecansing,cantshe?(事实否定)-No,shecant.注意:当陈述句为否定式时,肯定回答yes应译为“不”,否定回答no应译为“是”。例如:-YoucantspeakEnglish,canyou?-Yes,Ican.不对,我会(讲英语)。-No,Icant.对,我不会(讲英语)。【感叹句】(1) Whatagoodboyheis!(2)Whatlovelydogstheyare!(3)Howslowlyheruns!(4)Howdeliciousthefoodis!1. 定义:感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,通常由how或what来引导。2. 结构:What+a/an+形+_+(主语+谓语)!What+形+_/_+(主语+谓语)!How+_/_+(主语+谓语)!如:用what和how填空。_afinedayitis!_usefulworkwehavedone!_carefulmymotheris!_deliciousbreaditis!3.巧变感叹句小妙招在把陈述句变感叹句时,可根据“一断二加三换位”的方法。“一断”:即在谓语后面断开,使句子分成两部分。如:Heworkshard. Heworks/hard.Heisagoodworker. Heis/agoodworker.“二加”:即在第二部分前加上how(强调形容词、副词)或what(强调名词)。如:Heworks(how)hard.Heis(what)agoodworker.“三换位”:即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号换感叹号。如:Howhardheworks!Whatagoodworkerheis!四、感叹句记忆口诀:感叹句,并不难,what与how应在前,形容词、副词跟着how,what后面名词连,名词若是可数单,前带冠词a或an,主语、谓语放后面,省略它们也常见。【祈使句】1.定义:祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等等。它的主语是you(听话人),经常省略。(1)PleaseturntoPage50.(2)Bequiet,please.(3)Donteattoomuchcandy.2.祈使句的结构:(1)肯定结构:Do型即:动词原形+(宾语)+其它成分。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。Please_aseathere.请这边坐。_thewindow,please.注意:please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Be型即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。_agoodboy!要做一个好孩子!_!小心!(Be+形容词!)Let型即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。_gofishingthisSunday.(2) 否定结构:Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加_构成。_forgetme!不要忘记我!_belateforschool!上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种:_+let+宾语+动原+其它成分=Let+宾语+_+动原+其它成分,通常使用后者。Dontlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。有些可用No开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No+_Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!口诀:祈使句无主语,主语you常省去,动词原形当谓语,句首加dont变否定。【课后作业】一、 选词完成句子。(1)-_(Are,Is)thisabook?-Yes,itis.(2)-_(Does,Do)Lilyoftengotoschoolbybus?(3)-_(Are,Is)yourEnglishteacherMissLi?(4)-_(Does,Did)yourmothergobacklatelastnight?(5)-_(Were,Was)youelevenyearsoldlastyear?(6)-_(Can,Is)youswim?-Yes,Ican.(7) _(Whata,How a)lovelydayitis!多好的天气啊!(8) _(How,What)interestingbookstheyare!多有趣的书啊!(9) _(How,What)badweatheritis!多坏的天气啊!(10) _(How,What)bigtheroomis!房间真大啊!(11) _(How,What)wellshedances!她跳得真好呀!二、选用适当的单词填空。(1)A:_(How,What)doyougotoschooleveryday? B:Onfoot.(2)A:_(When,What)doyoudoonSunday?B:Weusuallyplayballgames.A:_(When,Where)doyouplayit?B:Inthepark.(3)A:_(Who,What)isthat?B:Itsasweater.A:_(Whos,Whose)isit?B:IthinkitsJanes.(4)A:_(Whos,Whose)yourhero? B:Mr.Chen.(5)A:_(Howmany,Howmuch)aretheshoes?B:Theyaretwohundredandfiftypounds.A:_(When,Where)aretheyfrom?B:TheyrefromBritain.(6)A:_(Whatday,Whatdate)isittoday?B:February20th.(7)A:_(What,Who)arethey? B:Theyaremyparents.(8)A:_(What,When)isthatunderthedesk? B:Itsashoe.(9)A:_(Howmuch,Howmany)isthatcoat? B:Itsseventyyuan.(10)A:_(Who,Whose)isthedress?B:Itsmysisters.三、完成下列的祈使句。1.Sitdownplease,_?2.Donttalkinclass,_?3.Letmesee,_?4.Letusgohome,_?5.Letsgohome,_?四、连词成句,标点符号已给出。(1)this,computer,a,is(?)_(2)you,like,do,running(?)_(3)an,there,is,on,orange,table,the(?)_(4)it,yes,is(,.)_专心-专注-专业