句子分类与句子成分(共9页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第二部分  课后巩固一、句子分类1. 句子：由词、短语构成，能表达一个完整的意思。至少包含一个主谓结构。2. 句子分类：简单句、并列句和复合句· 简单句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。· 并列句：至少有两个主谓结构，且结构之间有并列连词and, but, so, or等连接。· 复合句：由类似if这样的关联词连接多个主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），其他的主谓结构只在句中作某个成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。关联词有：when, while, although, so that, what等。探讨：下面句子是简单句还是并列句？ 1.My sister and I must stop and get some sleep.(第一个and连接并列主语my sister和I；第二个and连接并列谓语must stop和get，因此该句是简单句。)2. He likes reading, but his brother likes sports.（并列连词but连接两个简单句，因此是并列句。）· 简单句中的并列词是连接并列成分。· 并列句是并列连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句。下列句子是简单句、并列句，还是复合句? 请完成第1-4小题。【使用手机客户端的同学，可将红色的分栏线上下滑动，调整分屏大小；请在红色的分栏线下方，左右滑动屏幕进行试题切换】1.We often go shopping on Friday afternoon.(3分)A. 简单句B. 并列句C. 复合句我的答案：2.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.(3分)A. 简单句B. 并列句C. 复合句我的答案：3.My brother and I go to school at 7:30 am and come back home at 7:00 pm.(3分)A. 简单句B. 并列句C. 复合句我的答案：4.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.(3分)A. 简单句B. 并列句C. 复合句我的答案：二、句子成分（一）句子的主干成分He is a bank clerk.Li Hua usually exercises on the playground.Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.     My friends have a lot of work to do.Her son asked me to help him with his English.She must work hard to catch up with others.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.Mary heard him singing in the next room.We must keep our classroom clean.主语: He, Li Hua, Tom, My friends, Her son, She, The weather, Mary, We。主语是一个句子的头，是主要成分，通常由名词或代词等充当。谓语：is, exercises, played, have, asked, must work, is, heard, must keep。谓语由动词充当。表语：a bank clerk, colder。通常由名词或形容词、介词短语等充当，紧跟系动词后。宾语：work, me, him, our classroom。宾语是谓语动作的对象，通常由名词或代词等充当。 请根据括号里的要求找出对应成分的词。请完成第5-9小题。【使用手机客户端的同学，可将红色的分栏线上下滑动，调整分屏大小；请在红色的分栏线下方，左右滑动屏幕进行试题切换】5.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.宾语：                                                        (4分)6.My brother and I go to school at 7:30 am and come back home at 7:00 pm.主语：        谓语：         ，        (9分)7.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.主语：                              宾语：                              (10分)8.Im fine, but tired.表语：                              ，                                                         (10分)9.He made me very angry.宾语：                                                        (5分)（二）句子的修饰成分除了主干成分就是修饰成分，主要有：定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语，主要修饰主语、谓语动词、宾语等。1. 修饰成分：定语He is a bank clerk.        My friends have a lot of work to do.Her son asked me to help him with his English. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.Mary heard him singing in the next room.定语：通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、不定式、介词短语等充当，常译为“的”；常放在被修饰词前，但是若短语或句子作定语，通常后置。2. 修饰成分：状语 Li Hua usually exercises on the playground.  Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.She must work hard to catch up with others.Mary heard him singing in the next room.状语：通常由副词尤其是以-ly结尾的副词或副词短语、不定式、介词短语等充当；表频率、程度、时间、地点、方式、目的、比较等，常译为“地”；状语位置比较灵活，常放在动词、宾语或宾语补足语的后面，但是表示频率的状语通常放在主要动词前，如果想要强调某个状语，可以把状语放在句首。3. 修饰成分：宾语补足语Her son asked me to help him with his English. Mary heard him singing in the next room.We must keep our classroom clean.宾语补足语：是对宾语意义进行补充，一般位于宾语后，通常由不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等充当。4. 修饰成分：同位语Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.  Beijing, the capital, is very beautiful. 两个指同一个事物或人的句子成分放在同等位置，一个被用来说明或解释另外一个，前者就叫后者的同位语。同位语多由名词或代词充当，通常放在其所说明的名词或代词后。 请判断画线部分的成分。（1） The students got on the school bus.（2） They, my friends, went hunting together early in the morning.（3） He took many photos of the places in Beijing.（4） We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.Keys:（1）定语；（2）同位语，状语；（3）定语，状语；（4）宾语补足语三、简单句分类1. 谓语动词分类：系动词：is, feel, become, smell, taste, sound, get, turn, look .不及物动词：live, start, arrive, wait, come, go, begin .及物动词：tell, give, ask, bring, pay, decide, help, invite, show, shake .2. 简单句的五种基本句型 注意：有的及物动词后面可以接双宾语，如:   (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某事throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写（信）(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人节省某物 判断下列句子的句型结构。（1）We often do homework in the evening.（2）Some students walk to school.（3）The teacher is telling the boy a story.（4）It tastes delicious.（5）He made me speak louder.keys:（1）主语+谓语+宾语（2）主语+谓语（3）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（4）主语+系动词+表语（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语四、复合句形式1. 名词性从句（1）Who will go there has not been decided.· 我们前面讲过谓语之前都是主语，因此Who.there都是主语，是句子充当，因此叫主语从句。（2）The problem is when we can get there.· is是系动词，其后是表语，故when we can get there作表语，是句子充当，因此叫表语从句。（3）Her son asked me if I can help him with his English.· ask是及物动词，而且其后是双宾语，也就是if.his English从句充当宾语，因此叫宾语从句。（4）The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.· 该句主语是The news，is是系动词，true是表语，that we are having a holiday tomorrow是对主语进行补充说明消息的具体内容，因此是同位语从句。句子充当主语叫主语从句。句子充当表语叫表语从句。句子充当宾语叫宾语从句。句子充当同位语叫同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，都具有名词功能，因此又统称为名词性从句。 2. 修饰性从句（1）He is a clerk who works at a bank.The birds that can't fly live on a small island.· who works at a bank和that cant fly都是作定语，分别修饰前面的名词clerk和birds。· 这些句子作定语，叫定语从句。定语从句相当于形容词起修饰作用，所以又叫形容词性从句。（2）I exercise when I am free.If it is sunny, I will go shopping.· when I am free是时间状语，If it is sunny是条件状语。· 这些句子作状语，叫状语从句。状语从句相当于副词，所以又叫副词性从句。定语从句、状语从句都是起修饰作用，是修饰成分，因此又统称为修饰性从句。 你能说出黑体部分是什么从句吗？（1）He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.（2）I hope you are very well.（3）What he said is very interesting. （4）This is the best hotel that I know.（5）We received a message that he would come here.Keys：（1）状语从句；（2）宾语从句；（3）主语从句；（4）定语从句；（5）同位语从句五、小结1. 句子分为：简单句、并列句和复合句· 简单句：只有一个主谓语结构的句子。但可以有连词连接主语、谓语，分别叫并列主语、并列谓语。· 并列句：有多个简单句，且句子之间有并列连词连接。· 复合句：有一个主句和至少一个从句构成，且从句有引导词。2. 句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语· 谓语就是动词。· 主语、宾语、表语通常由名词或相当于名词的词充当。· 如果是句子充当主语、宾语、表语就分别叫主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。3.句子的修饰成分：宾语补足语、同位语、定语、状语· 宾语补足语是对宾语补充说明，通常放在宾语后面。· 同位语是对另一个词的说明或解释，两个词指同一人或事物，放在同等位置；句子充当同位语叫同位语从句。· 定语通常由意思是“的”的词充当；常放在被修饰词前面，如果定语是短语或从句则通常后置；由句子充当定语叫定语从句。· 状语通常由意思是“地”的词充当；一般放在被修饰词后，也可放在句首、句中或句末；由句子充当状语叫状语从句。4. 谓语动词决定简单句类型专心-专注-专业