第一讲-虚拟语气(共19页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第一讲 虚拟语气第一部分 课堂笔记 虚拟语气存在于if条件从句中和一些固定结构中 虚拟语气与动词的过去的某种时态形影不离 虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的 注：以下打两个的为已经考试过的考点。第一节 if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟 If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.（真实条件句） 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会, 我就去. If she invited me, I should go to the party.(虚拟条件句) (说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能)1.对现在的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+动词过去式 (be的过去式用were)I (we) should+动词原形主语+would(might, could)+动词原形 If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.) If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.)2.对过去的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+had+过去分词I(we) should+ have+过去分词主语+would(might, could)+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.(You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.) 3.对将来的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式(三种)主句的动词形式If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were),通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用(tomorrow)If+主语(任何人称和数)+should+动词原形If+主语(任何人称和数) +were +to动词原形I (we) should+动词原形或主语(任何人称)+would(might, could)+动词原形 If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.二、混合虚拟语气(条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.)If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now三.用介词短语代替条件状语从句(可以改为条件状语从句)Without air, there would be no living things. 相当于:If there were no air, there would be no living things.But for your help, I couldnt have done it. 相当于:If you had not helped me, I couldnt have done it.四、虚拟语气的倒装：如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were, had或should,就可以倒装。将were, had或should放到句首,谓语主语之前, if去掉。 变为”were/had/should+主语”的形式。如果从句没有were, had或should,就不能倒装。If I were to do it, Id do it some other way. Were I to do it, Id do it some other way.If you should fail, try again. Should you fail, try again.而且,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如:Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能说: Werent it for the expense, I would go to Italy. 第二节 固定结构中的虚拟语气一、.It is(high) time(that)句型中的虚拟语气在此句型中,后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式,.意思为“（现在）该的时候了”It is high time that you got married. It is high time that I lost some weight.二、.wish+宾语从句结构I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.三.If only句中的虚拟语气If only he were here! If only I knew more! If only he had stayed with us! If only I had taken his advice!注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 四、在would （just ）as soon （宁愿）would sooner （宁愿）would （just） rather （宁愿）后的宾语从句中，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事情，若谈及过去的动作，用过去完成时。其后不加that。.Id rather I were in the rain now. Dont always make noise. Id rather you kept silent.五、在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中，意为“以免”，从句要用虚拟语气。构成should+动词原形，should也可以省略。 Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain.六、.as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中的虚拟语气如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去,则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式;如果指的是现在的状况,则用过去式;指将来则用would(should, could)+动词原形.这里只看从句动作发生的时间,与主句的时态没有关系.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.(倒塌)七.在表示建议,要求,命令等意思的动词(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,)后面的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,that不能省略.He suggested that we (should) have a meeting. The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.八.与表示请求,建议,命令等动词相对应的名词后面的表语从句,同位语从句用虚拟语气.(suggesttion,command,demand,desire,request,requirement,insist,advice,propose,order).构成同一 Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized.（表语从句）=we suggested that education not be industrialized.九.表示建议,请求,命令动词在以下结构中（主语从句）“It is suggested/required/request/ordered/Advised/insisted/demanded that”用虚拟语气. 构成同一It was suggested that he (should) attend the conference.It was requested that the trial (should) be reported openly. 十.在以下结构中（主语从句）It is important/necessary/strange/desirable/advisable/better/essential/vital/imperative(必须的)that句型中.that引导的从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略,that不能省略.It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter。It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July. 第二部分 虚拟语气01-10年专升本考试真题共26题一、if条件句中表示对将来的虚拟1. 1014. _ tomorrow, he would be able to see the opening ceremony.A. Would he come B. If he comes C. Was he coming D. Were he to come2 116._ tight now , she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leave C. Were she to leave D. If she had left 二、if条件句中表示对过去的虚拟3 .02-28 _ he would have come to class.A If Mike is able to finish his homework, B Would Mike be able to finish his homework,C If Mike could finish his homework, D If Mike had been able to finish his homework,4 .04-6 _your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.A Had I not taken B If I didnt take C If I havent taken D Provided I didnt take5. 05-7 He _ killed last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the night.A .might be B would be C might have been D. should have been6. 07-3 if he had been in better health, he _more books.A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written 7. 0930. _ , everything would have been all right.A. He had been here B. Been here he had C. Here he had been D. Had he been here8. 1137 for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded.A. Hadnt it been B. Had it not been C. If it had been D. If it were 三、用介词短语(without, but for)代替条件状语从句9. 0116 _ your help, I could not have finished my work so early. A with B by C for D without10. 038 without his wise mother, he _ such a successful scientist.A. would not become B. should not have become C. may not have become D. could not have become11. 1010. I passed the test. I _ it without your help.A. would not pass B. wouldnt have passed C. didnt pass D. had not passed四、 混合虚拟语气12.06-23I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived五、It s (high/about)time结构13.027 Its time the dog _ how to behave properly. A is learning B learns C learned D. to learn14.0425Its high time you _ the problem carefully about what you will do in the future.A are studied B must study C studied D. study15.0633 Its high time we_ something to stop road accidents. A are doing B did C will do D. do 16.08-8 Its high time _ about the traffic problem.A. something were done B. something is done C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done六、 在wish+宾语从句中17.06-40 I wish you _here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival.A. came B. had come C. come D. will come七、 在would (just) rather, would (just) as soon ,would sooner(宁愿)结构中18.0230 Id just as soon _those important papers with you.A. that you wont take B. your not taking C please dont you take D. you didnt take 19.0525 Mr. Smith would just rather we_ now , but we must go to work.A. not leave B didnt leave C are not to leave D wont leave 20. 0629 I would rather you _ to the party with her. A go B went C will go D has gone八、 在表示建议,请求,命令的宾语从句中21.03-11 Experiments _that accurate measurements be made. A. show B. prove C. demand D. head22.096.The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 oclock.A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing九、表示建议,请求,命令,坚持等同位语、表语从句中的虚拟语气23. 07-1 One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature.A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated24.05-12We are all for your proposal that the discussion_.A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off十、主语从句25.0220 It is requested that the rent for the house _ in advance.A. will have to be paid B. has to be paid C. should have to be paid D. should be paid 26.012It is very important that enough money_ to fund the project .A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collected27.0635 It is necessary that the problem _ in some way or other.A. is settled B. has been settled C. be settled D. was settled28 1020. It is necessary that he _ the task by the end of next week.A. fulfill B. will fulfill C. will have fulfilled D. fulfills29. 1114.I don think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned Key:1.D2.C3.D4.A5.C6.B7.D8.B9.D10.D11.B12.C13.C14.C15.B16.A17.B18.D19.B20.B21.C22.C23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.A29.C第三部分 虚拟语气强化训练 1. If you _5 minutes earlier, you _ him. A. should come; had seen B. came; would see C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored3. It is strange that Mr. Zhang _ such silly mistakes.A. made B. makes C. make D. had made4. They demanded that the books _ to the school library at once.A. return B. should return C. be returned D. would be returned5.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 6. It is high time that we _ to think how to deal with the money.A. would begin B. began C. begin D. begun7.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 8.If I had had enough time, I _ my work.A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished9.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane.A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 10. Mr. Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week.A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 11.Had he studied hard, he _ the exam.A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed12.I wish I _ what is happening there in this room.A. know B. known C. knew D. should know13If there were no water in the world , everything _.A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead14. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known15.He ordered that the work _ right away.A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished16.-Shall we go to the movie tonight? - No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay17.Mrs Black insists _ in that old hotel.A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. that she not stay18.If you had spoken clearly, you would _ .A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood19.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. havent watched B. hadnt watched C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watched20.Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _ achieved.A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. can not have beenKey:1D2D3C4C5B6B7C8C9C10A11D12C13B14A15D16A17D18D19B20D一、虚拟语气过关测试1. He suggested that _ to tomorrows exhibition together.Aus to go   Bwe went  Cwe shall go   Dwe go2. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline (截止日期).Amust be sent Bwould be sent Cbe sent     DWere sent3. It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this college. Aappointed Bbe appointed Cis appointed DHas been appointed4. It was essential that all the necessary documents _ to the president's office being the end of this month.Abe handed in  BMust be handed in C should DHad been handed in5. It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures _ to solve the problem. Awere taken Bbe taken  Cmust be taken   Dtake6. It was proposed that the matter _ discussed at the next meeting.Awill be  Bhas   Cbe   DWould be7. We desire that the tour leader_us immediately of any change in plans. Ainform     Binforms  Cinformed    DHas informed8. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 pm.Anot to play loud music   BShouldnt play loud music Cdon't play loud music    DCouldnt play loud music9. It is highly desirable that a new president _ to this college.Aappointed     BBe appointed  Cwas appointed     DHas been appointed10. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. Ais not started  Bwill not be started Cnot be started   DIs not to be started11. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 o'clock at night.Awere not played      Bnot to play          Cnot be played    Ddid not play12. Its necessary _ the dictionary immediately.Athat he will return    Bthat he returned   Cthat he return    Dthat he has to return13. I don't think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. Ais assigned     Bwill be assigned Cbe assigned    Dhas been assigned14.We are