中考英语总复习之数词-详解与练习(共12页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上【名师点睛】一、基数词用于表示事物数量词，叫基数词。如：two bridges 两座桥，twenty soldiers 20个战士。1.基数词词形(1)从 1 到 12 是独立数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。(2)从 13 到 19：在个位数后-teen。thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, nineteen(3)从20到90各整十位数都以-ty结尾。twenty, thirty, fifty, eighty, ninety(4)20到100之间的其余两位数，要在十位和个位之间加连字符号“-” 。twenty-five, thirty-two, ninety-eight(5)百位以上数词，要在百位和十位(没有十位则和个位)之间加and。101：one hundred and one 258：two hundred and fifty-eight(6)英语中数词每3位数一个单位 hundred，thousand 千，million百万 ,billon十亿从个位向前，每三位加一个“，”；第一个“，”号前是thousand(千) ，第二个“，”前是million(百万)。4，002：four thousand and two7，059：seven thousand and fifty nine95，680：ninety five thousand, six hundred and eighty(7) hundred, thousand, million用法hundred, thousand, million在任何具体数字之前，都要用单数形式。但如果其后有of，则要用复数形式(其前面不能再加具体数目)。例如：two million 200万millions of 数百万thousands of 成千上万Thousands and thousands of visitors have come to Beijing in the last two months.在过去的两个月里有成千上万来访者到过北京。注：有数词就没有s,有s 就有of.2. 基数词读法用逗号把长数字从右向左三位三位地分开，如12，000.读数时，从左向右三位三位地按照三位数读法读，遇上逗号就分别加上该逗号所表示数词。例如：43，982，567forty-there million, nine hundred and eighty-two thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven3. 基数词用法 基数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语和同位语。Two of them are workers from China. 他们之中有两名是来自中国劳工。(作主语)-How many pieces of bread do you want? -I want two. -你要几片面包?我要两片。(作宾语)-Three times five is fifteen. 3乘5等于15。(作表语)His daughter is only five. 他女儿只有5岁。(作表语)The four students didn't pass the exam. 这4个学生考试不及格。(作定语)There are twenty two boy students in our class. 我们班有22个男生。(作定语)They two will go to attend the meeting with you.他们俩个人将与你一起去参加那个会议。(同位语) 基数词与名词连用表示编号。Lesson Eight 第八课Class One, Grade Three 三年级一班Room 102 102号房间No.4 Middle School 四中38 Changan Street 长安街38号Bus No.10 10路公共汽车P.O.Box 325 325号信箱Tel. No. 6850,3258 电话号码：6850，3258 数词复数表示年龄和年代、月份和日期。l 表求确切年龄注意：年代是四位数时，各分成二位来读：19 98年：读作：nineteen ninety eight。日期按序数词读：7月10日读作July tenth。l 表示年代或人的不确切岁数，用几十复数形式in the 1960s二十世纪六十年代 in ones +数词复数在某人几十多岁in the forties 在40年代 The old man is now in his eighties.这位老人现在已经80多岁了。l 表示年、月、日in 1992 在1992年；in June, 1966 在1966年6月；on July 28, 1978 在1978年7月28号 基数词用于表示时间。 表示时间有两种方法：l 表示“几点过几分”，30分钟之内用介词past。八点十分ten past eight 九点一刻 a quarter past nine 1230 half past twelvel 表示“几点差几分”，30分钟之内(不包括30分整)，用介词to。(750) ten to eight (845) a quarter to nine (1250) ten to onel 也可以按照时刻表直接读数字。二点四十two forty 五点半five thirty 七点一刻seven fifteen 九点零五nine 0 five基数词可以表示算式。8+4=12 Eight plus(and) four is twelve.15-9=6 Fifteen minus nine is (leaves) six.7×9=63 Seven times nine is sixty three.30÷6=5 Thirty divided by six is five.二、序数词 表示数目的顺序或事物的位置词，叫作序数词。1.序数词形式 l 从第一到第三为独立特殊形式 first, second, third.l 从第4到第19 以基数词加“th”构成：fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenthl 第20以上的序数词 从20到90等以ty 结尾十位整数，把 y 改成i再加 “eth”构成序数词twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixt ieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetiethl 100序数词为：hundredth。l 其余两位或多位数，只将个位改成序数词 ，其余仍用基数词表示：twenty-first, thirty-second, fortythird two hundred and ninth-eighth(第298)three thousand, seven hundred and twenty-first(第3721)注意：fifth, ninth, twelfth与原基数词拼写不同。序数词缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母组成。122nd(第122)，38th(第38)，281st(第281) 2983rd(第2983)，1320th(第1320)基变序口诀基变序，有规律，词尾要加th 。一二三，特殊记，词尾分别tdd。八去t ，九去e。五和十二ve要用f替。整十数y尾变ie，再加th莫忘记。若遇几十几，只变个位就可以。2.序数词用法(1)序数词可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语The second is better than the first. 第二个比第一个好。(作主语)He has built five bridges since 1950, now he is starting on the sixth .自1950年以来，他已建造过五座桥了，现在他正开始建第六座桥。(作宾语)Mary is the first to complete the test paper in her class. (作表语) 玛丽是她们班上第一个完成试卷人。She always comes first. 她总是第一个到。(作状语)This was the first time he came to China. 这是他第一次来中国。(作定语)序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the ；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a 或an时,则表示“再", “又"。You can do it a second time. 你可以做第二次。(作定语)(2)序数词可以表示日期。It's September the first today. 今天是9月1日。It happened on September 18th, 1931. 这发生在1931年9月18日。(3)序数词可以表示编号。the twelfth lesson (=Lesson12) 第十二课 the second paragraph (=Paragraph Two) 第二段the fourth Middle School (=No.4 Middle School) 第四中学 the thirty eighth room(=Room 38) 第38号房间 the tenth page (Page 10)第10页三、数词特定表示法和读法(1) 分数表示法 分数构成分数构成为分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子如果大于1，则分母序数词一般都用复数形式。1/2：a (one) half, 1/3：a (one) third, 1/4：a quarter 2/5：two fifths, 3/4：three quarters1/25：a twenty fifth, 1/100：a hundredth， 3/100：three hundredths, 5/1000：five thousand ths带分数整数和分数之间须用and连接： three and a half 读作 five and a quarter注意：表示“某一整体几分之几”，使用：分数+of+the+名词。She spent one third of her salaries yesterday. 她昨天花去了薪水三分之一。One half of the students are foreigners. 一半学生是外国人。They have covered three fifths of the distance. 他们已经走完了五分之三距离。(2)小数表示法小数只能用基数词表示。其中小数点读作point，零读作zero；小数点之后按数字依次读出；整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.9：zero point nine 或 point nine 3.58：three point five eight 0.016：0 point 0 one six8.025：eight point 0 two five 99.87：ninety nine point eight seven(3)百分数表示法%读作per cent 18%：eighteen per cent 0.6%：zero point six per cent 99.9：ninety nine point nine per cent 0.05%：0 point 0 five per cent注意：数词与表示单位名词一起使用作定语时，单位名词必须用单数。二十英镑纸币：a twenty pound note(4) 算式表示方法加法 “加”用plus, and或 add表示；“等于”用is, make, equal等词表示.1+2=？可表示为：How much is one plus two? 一加二等于多少？1+2=3 One plus two is three. One and two is equal to three. One and two make three.One added to two equals three. If we add one to/and two,we get three.减法 “减“用minus或take from表示。9-3=？How much is nine minus three? 九减三等于多少？9-3=6 Nine minus three is six. Take three from nine and the remainder is six. Three(taken) from nine is six.乘法 “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。2×3=? How much is two times three? 二乘以三等于多少？2×3=6 二乘以三等于六。Two times three is/are six. Multiply two by three,we get six.Two multiplied three makes six. 除法 “除”用divide过去分词形式表示 15÷3=?How much is fifteen divided by three? 十五除以三等于多少？15÷3=5 Fifteen divided by three is five. Fifteen divided by three equals/gives/makes five. 其他算式写法和读法 比例、乘方、开方等算式读法1：2 读作 the ratio of one to two15：3读作 The ratio of fifteen to three equals five.32 读作 three squared(5) 数词前加every ,表示每/每隔 .every ten days  =every ninth day  每十天(每隔九天)注:every +基数词 +复数名词 = every + (序数词-1) +单数名词(6) “多少又一半”的表达法:基数词 + and + a half +名词复数 = 基数词 +名词(单数/复数) +and +a half half an hour半小时two and a half hours  = two hours and a half (7) 倍数倍数+as+形(副)原级+as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多倍数+形(副)比较级+than This fish is 3 times heavier than that one.(8) 序数词与冠词a/an连用。序数词前加不定冠词a/an, 表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。如：Please try it a second time. 请再试一试。 但基数词与more连用，并放在more前，表示“另外有”、“还有”的意思。如：Ill take one more (=another) pencil. 我还要一支铅笔。We ve just started! There were twenty more trees to be planted! 我们才刚开始呢!还有20棵树要栽呢!【考点诠释】【考例1】In our city, _ middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future. 2009年重庆A. thousand        B. thousand ofC. thousands of     D. two thousand of 【解析】  答案为C。考查数词的用法。thousands of是一个词组，意为“成千上万的”，表示一个大概的数量，注意这时thousand用复数，且前面不能加明确的数字。【考例2】The road is over _ metres long2008年济南Asix hundred and fifty-two B six hundreds and fifty-two Csix hundred，fifty-two Dsix hundred，fifty and two 【解析】答案A。本题考查数词的书写形式。在英语中，百位与十位之间通常用and连接，由此可知，答案在A与B之中，在表示确切的数字时，hundred不能用复数形式。【考例3】We are sure the_0lympic Games in Beijing next Year will be one of _games in history2007 连云港A twenty-nine more successful B twenty-ninth；more successful C twenty-ninth；the most successful D. twenty-nine; the most successful 【解析】答案C。解析本题综合考查序数词表次序，基数词表数量的用法。句意为：来年的北京奥运会为第二十九届奥运会，这是不争的事实，此处应使用序数词表顺序，由此可确定答案在B与C之中；再由句意可知，后面应是一个最高级的句子，所以C项正确。【考例4】Qinghai-Tibet Railway(青藏铁路)was completed last yearIt is the _railway that connects Tibet with the 0ther parts of China2008盐城Afirst B secondC third Dfourth【解析】答案A。本题考查序数的用法。句意为：青藏铁路是第一条将西藏与其他地区连接起来的铁路干线。【考例5】Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, _book of the series(系列)，will be for sale on July 212008湖南怀化Aseventh Bthe seventh Cseven【解析】答案：B由句意“系列丛书的第七本书将在年7月21日被出售”可知此空要用序数词，且序数词前要加定冠词the，故选B。【考例6】About _of the students in our school are hoys常德Athird fifths B three fifths Cthree fifth【解析】答案B。在英语中表示分数的方式为“序数词+基数词”，如果分子大于1，则分母用复数形式。【考例7】 (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) About _ students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。【考例8】 (2004年河北省中考试题) Nine _ pounds a week? Thats very good. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. hundred【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。四表示约数1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如：The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。如nearly two hours将近两个小时。3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如more than 100 years一百多年。4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。5. 用to, fromto, betweenand表示介于两数词。如：His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。_【中考演练】( )1. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred( )2. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of( )3. -Which is the smallest number of the four? -_. A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths( )4. -What do you think of a war, Li Ming? -Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands( )5. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one( )6. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is _. A. B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626( )7. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922( )8. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24( ) 9. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of( )10. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /( )11During World War II, a Jewish (犹太) lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her  _. A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth( )12-How often are the Olympic Games held？  -_ four years. A. Every      B. Each        C. In         D. For( )13Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of( )14_the students in these primary school is about three thousand, _of them are girls.     A.A number of; two third  B. The number of; two thirds    C.A number of; two thirds  D .The number of; two third( )15. The river through our city, which is about _, is clean again. A. 6000 metres long B. 6000-metres-long C. 6000-metre-long D. 6000 metre long( )16It is reported that the train accident in India killed _ people. No Chinese was_ them. A. two hundred; among B. two hundreds; amongC. two hundred; between D. two hundreds; between( )17During the seven-day May Day holiday, families went sightseeing. A. thousand B. thousandsC. thousands and thousands D. thousands of( )18What's one fourth and a half, do you know? Yes, it's _. A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths( )19_ of the students are girls in our class A. Two three BTwo threes CTwo thirds DSecond three( )20The doctor worked for _ after twelve o'clock. A. two more hours B. two another hour C. more two hours D. another two hour( )21. The _ World Table Tennis Championship began _the morning of May 25, 2010 _Moscow, Russia. (2010年咸宁)A. Fifty; in; in B. Fiftieth; on; in C. Fiftieth; in; on D. Fifty; on; in( )22.What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨栏）. (2010巴中市) A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter( ) 23.Can I help you?Id like _ for my twin daughters. (滨州市二一)A. two pair of shoesB. two pairs of shoeC. two pair of shoeD. two pairs of shoes( )24. _girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded. (定西市2010年)A. Million of B. Many million of C. One million of D. Millions of( )25There are _ people in the supermarket. It's so crowded. (2010年山东省莱芜市) Ahundred Bhundreds Chundred of Dhundreds of( )26 - Do you know the boy_ is sitting next to Peter? - Yes. He is Peters friend. They are celebrating his _ birthday. (2010年四川眉山市) A. who; ninthB. that; ninethC. /; ninethD. which; ninth( )27. I got a good present on my _ birthday. (2010年四川省宜宾市) A. nine B. ninth C. the nine D. the ninth( ) 28.-I hear your pen friend is visiting Lianyungang again.Is it the _time for him?-Yes, and he will come for a third time next spring.( 2009年连云港)A. first B. second C. third D. fourth( ) 29._girls took part in the Super Girl competition but only few of them succeed. A. One million of B. Millions of C. Thousands and millions D. Two millions( ) 30. -Can I help you ? -Id like _ for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoes C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoe( ) 31. Each of us has to write a _ report every three weeks. A. two-thousand-words B. two-thousand-word C. two-thousands-words D. two-thousands-word( ) 32. Now children , please turn to Page_ and look at the _ picture. A. Twenty-th