译林牛津版高一下学期英语期末复习资料(共50页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高一下学期英语期末复习资料unit1 模块三第一部分 重点词汇讲解Welcome to the unit1. the world of our sensessense: n.（1）感官，感觉 She has a good sense of smell. 她有良好的嗅觉。 （2）（对某物的）感觉 I had the sense that he was lying. 我有种感觉，他在说谎。 【拓展】 common sense 常识 a sense of achievement 成就感 a sense of humor 幽默感 make sense 有意义，讲的通 His argument doesnt make sense. 他的论点没有意义。 make sense of 理解，了解 Can you make sense of the difficult article? 你能理解这篇较难的文章吗？ v. 感觉到sense sth. / thatsense danger感觉到危险I sensed that he was lying. 我感觉到他在说谎。Reading1. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.truth: n. 真实，事实 to tell you the truth 说实话true: adj. 正确的，真正的 Finally my dream has come true. 最终我的梦想实现了truly: adv. 真实地，真正地2. As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.observe: vt.(1) 观察 observe sth./sb.; observe that The teacher observed that some students were asleep. 老师发现一些学生睡着了。 observe (see, watch, notice) sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事（强调过程，动作的结果） sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 （强调动作正在进行）(2) 遵守（规则、法令等） Everyone should observe the traffic rules. 每个人都应遵守交通规则。 (3) 庆祝 How will you observe your birthday? 你将如何庆祝你的生日？observer: n. 观察者observation: n. 观察，观察力3. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.rest: n. (1) the rest剩余的人，物Take what you want and throw the rest away. 拿走你需要的，然后把剩余的扔掉。the rest 作主语时，谓语动词由of 后的名词单、复数决定The rest of his life was spent in prison. 他的余生在狱中度过。The rest of the books are on the shelf. 剩余的那些书在架子上。(2) 休息 have a rest 休息一下adj. 剩余的glance: vi. glance at 看一眼，瞥一眼The man glanced nervously at his watch. 男子紧张地瞥了一眼他的手表。【辨析】glance at 很快地看一眼，瞥一眼glare at 怒视stare at 凝视，盯着看n. give/take/have a glance at (朝)一瞥4. When Polly got to the station entrance, it was deserted.deserted: adj. 被离弃的，废弃的，荒芜的 a deserted island 一个荒芜的岛desert: vt. 抛弃，遗弃 All his friends have deserted him. 所有的朋友都遗弃了他。desert: n. 沙漠5. There was no one in sight.sight: n. 视力，视觉in sight 看得见 The train is still in sight. 火车还在视线范围内。out of sight 看不见catch / get / have sight of 看到，发现at the sight of sth. 一看见 They ran away at the sight of the police. 他们一看见警察就跑了。 near-sighted, short-sighted 近视眼的6. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her face and she heard a mans voice in her ear saying Sorry.rough: adj. 粗糙的：a rough hand 一双粗糙的手大致的：a rough idea 大致的想法艰难的：a rough life 艰难的生活7. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still.fear: n. 害怕，担心for fear of 因为怕，以免She asked us not to be noisy for fear of waking the baby. 她让我们不要吵，以免吵醒婴儿。v. 害怕，担心I fear that he will get ill. 我担心他会生病。fearful: adj. 可怕的，害怕的8. A few seconds later, a hand reached out and touched her arm. reach out: 伸出reach out (ones hand) for sth.: 伸出手拿某物The beggar reached out for money. 乞丐伸手要钱。【拓展】 out of (ones) reach 够不着，触不到The banana was out of the monkeys reach. 猴子够不着香蕉9. He held her hand more firmly.firmly: adv. 牢牢地，坚定地The director politely but firmly refused the invitation. 主管礼貌但坚定地拒绝了邀请。firm: adj. 坚定的，牢牢的 a firm believer 坚定的相信者firm: n. 公司 the advertising firm 广告公司 the law firm律师事务所10. You see, a fog this bad is rare. rare: adj. 稀有的 This species of plant is becoming increasingly rare. 这个植物种类正在变得日渐稀有。 rarely: adv. 很少地，罕有地 Rarely have I seen her get so angry. 我很少见她变得这么生气。11. I was frozen with fear for a moment.freeze: vi. (, froze, frozen) 冻结，冻僵，呆住The lake has frozen overnight. 湖一夜之间就冻住了。on a freezing cold day 在刺骨寒冷的一天She froze at the sight of the snake. 她看到蛇呆住了。12. You took my hand and led me confidently through the foggy streets to my house.confident: adj. 自信的 be confident about / of sth. 对有自信confidently: adv. 自信地confidence: n. 自信心Grammar and usage1. reduce: v. 减少，降低，减缓reduce pain/ costs/ speed: 减轻痛苦、降低价格、减慢速度The price has been reduced to 50 yuan. 价格被降到50元。 by 50 yuan. 价格被降了50元。【反义词】 increase v. 增加 2. volunteer: n. 志愿者v. 志愿做，自愿做volunteer to do sth. 志愿做某事Many volunteers volunteered to help the old in their town. 许多志愿者自愿帮助镇上的老人。 volunteer for sth. 志愿为某事（出力） voluntary: adj. 志愿的 voluntarily: adv. 志愿地3. be related to: 与有关= be linked to/with Wealth is seldom related to happiness. 财富很少和快乐联系起来。 relative: adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚 relation: n . 关系，联系4. add: v. 增加add sth. to sth. 把加到上Would you like to add more sugar to your coffee? 你想要给你的咖啡再加点糖吗？add to 增添The news added to our worries. 这个消息增加了我们的担忧。add up 加起来add up to 总计The cost of the trip added up to 2000 yuan. 旅行的费用总计2000元。5. ache: n. 疼痛 a stomach ache 胃痛vi. ache for sth. 渴望某物 ache to do sth. 渴望做某事6. cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事On seeing such a funny thing, I cant help laughing. 一看到如此有趣的东西，我就忍不住笑了起来。cant help do sth. 不能帮助做某事I cant help do the work because I have no time. 我不能帮忙做这个工作，因为我没时间。Project1. chance n. 机会，可能性，机率He valued the chance to go abroad. 他很珍惜出国的机会。have a fair chance of (doing) sth. 有很大的可能性做某事small / slim 有很小的可能性做某事 There is a chance that it will rain today. 有可能今天要下雨。2. latter: adj. 后来的He was happy in the latter years of his life. 晚年他很开心。the latter 后者 the former 前者 3. likely: adj. 可能的He is likely to come.= It is likely that he will come.可以说 It is likely/probable/ possible to do sth/that但只能说 sb. is likely to do sth.4. distance: n. 距离in the distance 在远处at a distance 隔一段距离within walking distance 很近distant: adj. 遥远的5. avoid: vt. 逃避，避免avoid accidents 避免事故avoid doing sth. 避免做某事I cant avoid making mistakes. 我不能避免犯错。第二部分 语法名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 名词性that-从句 1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。 宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheror not构成。例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 Unit2 第一部分 重点词汇讲解Reading1. throughout prep.遍及；贯穿；在的各个部分 The disease spread throughout the country. 这种疾病蔓延全国。 It rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。 adv.到处；自始至终The building is painted green throughout. 这栋建筑物彻底漆成绿色。2. confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的Your explanation is confusing。你的解释令人迷惑。【拓展】confuse v. 使迷惑，使困惑The heavy traffic confused the new driver. 繁忙的交通使司机不知所措。We tried to confuse the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。confused adj. 感到迷惑的，感到不解的I am confused about the problem. 对这个问题，我很困惑。If the situation is confusing, you will get confused. 如果形势令人困惑，你会被弄糊涂的。There is a confused look/expression on his face. 他脸上露出迷惑的表情。3. be made up of 由组成，可与consist of 互换The class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.= The class consists of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.注意两者作定语时的区别a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses= a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses【拓展】: be made of/be made from/be made out of 由制成be made into 被制成make up 组成，编制，弥补，化妆，和解make for 走向；有助于make out 理解，辨认出The old building is made of stone. 这幢老房子是由石头建成的。The wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄酿制而成的。Her dress is made out of her sisters old dress. 她的衣服是用她姐姐的旧衣服改做的。She made the material into a dress. 她用这种布料做了一条裙子。Eleven players make up a football team. 11个队员组成了一个足球队。Uncle Dick made up an interesting story for the children. 迪克叔叔给孩子们编了一个有趣的故事。We have to drive fast to make up the time we lost in New York. 我们得开快点以弥补在纽约失去的时间。The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们到的时候，演员们正在化妆。He and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day. 他和妻子吵架通常当天就言归于好。As soon as it started to rain, we made for home. 天一开始下雨，我们就朝家里走去。Does early rising make for good health? 早起有助于健康吗？It was difficult to make out his handwriting. 他的书写很难辨认。I couldnt make out what he wanted on earth. 我不明白他到底要什么。4. create vt. 创造,造成 常指利用已有的条件或材料创造出新的事物。Some people believe that God created the world. 有些人相信上帝创造了世界。Blue can create a calm feeling. 蓝色能够造成一种冷静的感觉。【辨析】 invent vt. 发明 指通过想象、研究或劳动创造出前所未有的东西，尤指科技上的发明创造。 The Chinese invented the compass. 中国人发明了指南针。 discover vt. 意为（先于他人首次)发现（已经存在的事物） Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他们发现了一颗彗星。【拓展】：creation n. 创造（不可数），创作的东西（可数）creative adj. 创作的，创造性的creative thinking 创造性思维creativity n. 创造力creature n. 人，动物5. pick up 拾起；用车接载（人）；无意地学会(技术、语言、游戏等)；（病后)恢复健康、体力等；(在广播、电视里)收听、收看到；加快速度）She picked up the book and gave it to him. 她捡起了书给他。Pick me up at the hotel. 在宾馆接我。He picked up French while he was staying in Paris. 他在巴黎时学会了法语。He picked up gradually after a long illness. 他久病后逐渐康复了。I was able to pick you up on the short wave radio. 我能用短波收音机收听到你的信号。The car picked up speed quickly. 小车很快加速了。6. contribute to 致使；有助于The drivers carelessness contributed to the accident. 司机的疏忽导致了事故的发生。Exercise contributes to better health. 锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。【拓展】contribute捐助；贡献；投稿等，常和to连用We contributed food and clothing to the poor. 我们捐助了食物和衣物救济贫民。He has contributed (articles) to the magazine for several years. 他为这家杂志撰稿好几年了。contribution n. 可构成词组make a contributionThey made a great contribution to the development of our society.他们为我们社会的发展做出了巨大的贡献。7. take control of 控制，取得对的控制 It's no easy task to take control of a class of young children. 管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。【拓展】 have/hold control of/over 控制着 in control (of) 控制着，出于统治地位 lose control of 失去对的控制 out of control 失去控制，无法控制 under control （被）控制住8. rule v. 统治 Today, most kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a formal way, without real power. 当今大部分的国王和王后只是象征性地统治（他们的国家），没有实权。 rule也可做名词，意为“统治”，常构成词组under ones rule 或under the rule of sb.意为“在某人的统治之下” Under the queens rule/the rule of Elizabeth I, Britain became the number one power of the world. 在那位女王/伊丽莎白一世的统治下，英国成为世界第一大国。9. replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 相当于词组take the place of。常构成词组replace A with B, 意为用B代替A。 Tourism has replaced heavy industry as the citys main source of income. = Tourism has taken the place of heavy industry as the citys main source of income. 旅游业已经取代重工业成为这座城市的主要收入来源。 Today many high schools have replaced blackboards with whiteboards. 今天许多中学用白色书写板取代了黑板。10. adopt vt. 采用，收养 Different ways of English teaching should be adopted. 应该采用不同的英语教学方式。 Mr and Mrs Smith adopted an orphan. 史密斯夫妇收养了一个孤儿。 adopt的常用名词形式为adoption, 意为“应用；收养”11. include vt. 包括，强调包罗并使之成为一部分 The price includes both house and furniture. 这个价格包括房子及家具的价格。 常用including和included引出一解释性短语，including位于该短语前，included位于该短语后。 They will send you the book for $3, postage included. 他们将把这本书寄给你，包括邮资共三美元。At least 80 people were injured, including five policemen.至少有80人受伤，包括5个警察。【辨析】contain意思是“包含，容纳”，侧重于容器中“装有，含有”How much oil can the bottle contain? 这只瓶子能装多少油?Apples contain water and sugar. 苹果含有水和糖分。12. pronunciation n.发音（法），语音 a word with two pronunciations 有两种发音的单词 You pronunciation is very good. 你的发音很好。 pronounce vt. 发音，读音；正式宣布（或公布） How do you pronounce your surname? 你的姓怎么读? She examined the product and pronounced herself pleased with their work. 她检查了产品，宣布对他们的工作很满意。13. depend on 取决于；依靠，信赖。其中on可用upon替换。 We might need more cars, depending on/upon the number of people gathering here. 我们也许需要更多的车辆，这要看有多少人聚集到这里。 You can depend on him, for he is a man of his word. 你可以信赖他，因为他是个守信用的人。 【拓展】 dependent adj. 依赖的；受影响的 independent adj. 独立的dependence n. 依靠independence n. 独立He gradually becomes dependent on alcohol. 他渐渐对酒精产生了依赖。You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学着不要依赖父母。Our relationship is based on mutual dependence. 我们的关系建立在相互依存的基础上。India gained independence for Britain in 1947. 印度于1947年脱离英国获得独立。Grammar and usage1. promise v. 许诺，答应。 后面接直接宾语再接不定式，从句，名词代词或不接直接宾语。 Dad promised (me) to buy me a laptop, but he broke his own word. 爸爸答应过（我）要给我买个笔记本电脑，但是他失信了。The student promised (the librarian) that all books would be returned by Friday. 那个学生答应（图书管理员）在周五之前归还所有的书。He promised his wife a coat for her birthday. 他答应他的妻子买件外套作为生日礼物。“Shes not coming tonight.” “But she promised!” “她今晚不会来了。”“但是她答应过的！” promise作动词还表示“有希望，可能会（有）”These discussions promise future storm. 这些争论有可能引起今后的风波。promise 还可以作名词，意为“诺言,许诺”If you make a promise, you must keep it. 假如你做出了许诺，就必须做到。2. disagree vi. 意见不一，分歧。 反义词：agree 名词：disagreement常构成的词组有：disagree with sb. 与某人意见不一disagree about/over/on sth. 在某事上意见不一I disagree with you on this point. 我不同意你的意见。disagree 还可以表示“不一致，不符”The two reports disagree (with each other). 这两份报告（相互）不一致。disagree 还可表示“不适宜”，常构成词组disagree with sb. 意为“（食物等）对某人不适宜，使某人不舒服”Fried foods disagree with me. 油炸食物对我不适合。3. care about 关注，关心；在意，担心 He cares a lot about his younger brother. 他非常关心自己的弟弟。 I dont care about what you think about me; I havent done anything wrong. 我并不在意你怎样看我；我没有做任何错事。【辨析】care about & care forcare for 表示“非常喜欢；照顾，照料” He cares for her, no matter what she does. 不管她做什么，他都深爱着她。 Nurses care for the patients in the hospital. 在医院里护士照顾病人。4. ban vt. 禁止，取缔。过去式和过去分词都为banned. Swimming in this river is banned. 禁止在此河中游泳。 ban sb. from doing sth. 意为“禁止某人做某事” The government needs to do something to ban people from advertising illegal things on the Internet. 政府应该采取措施禁止人们在网上做广告宣传违法物品。 ban也可做可数名词，意为“禁令，禁止”，表示“对的禁令”时常用a ban on 的结构。 There is a ban on smoking in this school. 这所学校禁止抽烟。5. spread n.vt&vi 传播 The spread of AIDS in the last few years has been alarming. 过去几年里艾滋病的传播令人惊慌。 I will tell you a secret, but you must promise not to spread it around.我要告诉你一个秘密，但是你必须保证不会将它四处传播。 The di