新概念英语第二册笔记-第52课(共9页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson 52 A pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯【Text】What is the writer's carpet made of?We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'【课文翻译】我们刚刚搬进一所新房子，我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午。我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐，但这并不容易，因为我有1，000多本书。更糟糕的是房间还非常 小，所以我暂时把书放在了地板上。这会儿，书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了，我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的。几分钟前，我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬上了楼。 她走进我的房间，当她看到地板上的那些书时，大吃一惊。“这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯，”她说。她盯着“地毯”看了一会儿，又说：“你根本用不着书橱，空闲 时你可以坐在这儿读地毯！【New words and expressions】（4） temporarily adv. 暂时地 inch n. 英寸（度量单位）space n. 空间 actually adv. 实际上一单词讲解： temporarily adv. 暂时地temporary adj. 暂时的, 临时的n. 临时工 permanent  'p:mnnt adj. 永久的, 持久的 n. <口> 烫发temporary arrangement 临时性安排temporary employment 经 临时职工, 临时工作eg：That is only a temporary solution to the problem.temporarily adv. 暂时地, 临时地eg：I temporarily put my books on the floor. 我暂时把书放在了地板上impermanent  im'p:mnnt adj. 暂时的, 非永久的 inch n. 英寸（度量单位）变化形 名复  变化形 动变   foot n.脚，足；英尺；最下部，底部（1 foot 12 inches） eg：My foot ！去你的 ！ 胡说！on foot 步行put ones foot in ones mouth 祸从口出 、说错话inch n.英寸；少量，短距离 v.(使)缓慢地移动eg：Dont move an inch . 不要乱动by inches 险些、差一点eg：The car missed my dog by inches . 差几英寸就撞上我的狗every inch 整个地方eg：The police examined every inch of the hose .警方为寻找线索彻底检查了整所房子eg：Search every inch of a room. 搜遍了整间屋子 完全、不折不扣、彻头彻尾eg：He looked every inch a gentleman . 他看上去完全是正人君子.give sb an inch and hell take a mile . 得寸进尺 space n. 空间同义词, , , 反义词 变化形 名复 变化形 动变    outer space太空, 外层空间 （c） 空白、空隙、空地The spaces between words 字与字之间的空隙 、字间距eg：Is there a space for my car ？是否有空间，停我的车？（u）空地方，空处 roomeg：There isnt much space left for your luggage .剩下的地方不太够你放行李的eg：The table takes up too much space . 这张桌子占地方太多。 The table takes up too much room.space / room / place / seat 房间、建筑物、车辆等中可容纳人或物的范围space / room 不确定的范围，可容纳下某物或符合某目地的范围space （c）/（u） room （u） place / seat （c） 具体空处，通常指座位eg：Well try to get places . 我们要设法弄到座位. seats at the front of the theatre 剧场前排好座位 actually adv. adv. 实际上, 事实上adv. 居然, 竟然（表示惊讶） realan actual happening 一件真实事情the actual conditions 实际情况eg：The actual cost was much more than we had expected.实际成本远远超过我们的预期eg：What were your actual words ？eg：His actual age is 45 , not 25 . 他的实际年龄是45，不是25actually adv. 事实上；实际上 in fact , really eg：Actually speaking , I dont like your pictures .其实来说，我不喜欢你的照片eg：What do you actually mean ？你实际上是什么意思？eg：He looked calm , but actually he was very nervous .他看起来平静，但实际上他很紧张 真的；竟然eg：That big-bodied Tom actually fainted at the scene.大个子汤姆，竟然晕倒在现场二Key structures：现在完成进行时 have / has + been + 现在分词1. 含有since 和for 短语的句子，既可以用现在完成进行时表达，也可以用现在完成时表达，但前者比后者更为生动。eg：It has been raining hard since yesterday and it is still raining .eg：It has rained for six weeks. 雨下了六个星期了2. 现在完成时 表是经验，动作已经完成或强调一个结果现在完成进行时表示动作的连续性，动作还在进行中间，翻译成”一直”。eg：He has been staying at this hotel for the last three weeks .他过去的三个星期一直住在这家酒店eg：He has never stayed at this hotel before .他从来没有住过这家酒店3.表达某件事做了多少次，或者做了多少件事的时候，只能用现在完成时（），而不能用现在完成进行时（×） eg：I have read Oliver Twist five times . 我已阅读雾都孤儿五次了eg：I have been reading Oliver Twist all afternoon .下午我一直在读雾都孤儿用刮号中的动词正确形式填空：I have explained （explain） this to you several times already .” said the teacher . “ I hope you have understood （understand） it now .” Then he looked at a little boy at the back of the class.” Have you been listening （listen） , Jones？” he asked .“Here is a simple problem ：Sally has been working / has worked （work） in an office for weeks . In that time , she has eared （earn） 300 a week . How much has she earned （earn） so far ？ , “Please , sir .” Jones answered ：”I can only answer your first question . I have not been listening （not listen） .”新东方补充：现在完成时：have done，表示已完成的动作现在完成进行时：have been doing，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day，all morning等或for和since。I have read the book. 书已看完I have been reading the book. 还没看完, 还要继续表示持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副词短语连用，也可用于以how long开头的疑问句中： Ive been working for Exxon for 15 years.现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作： Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.与段时间连用可以用现在完成时, 也可以用现在完成进行时, 但跟次数连用的, 一定只能用完成时, 不能用现在完成进行时He has rung me up five times since 12 oclock.【语法精髓】1、You should go to bed. You (watch) TV for 5 hours.2、I (write) letters since breakfast.3、I (write) 3 letters since breakfast.4、Sorry, but Mr. Smith (leave) for Beijing.5、I (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?答案：1、have been watching/have watched 2、having been writing 3、have written 4、has left 和现在完成进行时连用的, 一定不能是次数；和现在完成进行时连用的动词, 一定不能是短暂动词，leave是瞬间动词5、have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 这句话可知人没找到, 还要继续找三课文讲解： We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. 我们刚刚搬进一所新房子, 我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午. hard adj./ adv.eg：He is a hard worker . eg：He works hard .类似词：fast eg：He is a fast driver . eg：He dives fast .一般而言adj. +ly adv.eg：He is a careful worker . eg：He works carefully .eg：She has a beautiful voice . eg：She sings beautifully .有些副词有两种形式：slow - slowly eg：He speaks slowly to us . eg：Please speak a bit slower .highhighly eg：The plane flew very high .eg：He thinks very highly of me . 他对我价很高think highly of sb 对评价高deep deeplyeg：Water will come out if you dig the well deep enough .eg：They love their country deeply . 他们深深地热爱自己的国家hard adv 努力地(的)eg：He worked very hard . 他从非常努力地工作hardly adv.几乎不，简直不；刚刚，仅仅He hardly ever does any work . 他几乎不曾做任何工作late adv. 晚eg：The train arrived very late . 火车来晚了lately adv. 最近eg：Have you traveled by train lately ？最近你有没有搭乘火车？near adv.近eg：He made sure it was safe before he went near .他确信它是安全之前，他才走近nearly adv. 几乎，差一点eg：He was nearly run over by a car . 他差一点被车辗过I have been trying to get my new room in order.我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐, get sth in order 使有条理put sth in order （使）整齐out of order 工作不正常的；不按次序；违反会议规程的 、出故障的This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.但这并不容易, 因为我有1,000多本书. over ： more than 超出的To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. 更糟糕的是房间还非常小, 所以我暂时把书放在了地板上. to make matters worse 插入语 ，用逗号隔开类似含意短语有：whats worse 更糟糕的是worse than all 最糟糕的是rather + 名词性短语eg：The job is rather a bore .rather 修饰名词时，置于冠词之前。eg：It was rather a cold day . It was a rather cold day .名词前有形容词时，rather 可放在不定冠词后。rather与 fairly 区别：rather 修饰表否定含意的词，或本身为否定的含义。fairly 修饰表肯定含意的词，或本身为肯定含意eg：Its rather warm today . 今天相当热eg：Its fairly warm today . 今天相当暖和rather 可用于比较级 too之前而fairly 则不能eg：I did rather better much this time .eg：This is rather too much for me .At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. 这会儿, 书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了, 我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的. at the moment now at present 此刻，目前 every inch 完全，彻底A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.几分钟前, 我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬上了楼.她走进我的房间, 当她看到地板上的那些书时, 大吃一惊.get a big surprise 大吃一惊get a shock 大吃一惊get such a big surprise that get such a shock that 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. “这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯,” 她说.eg：This is one of the ugliest faces that I have ever seen .eg：This is the most interesting book Ive ever read .She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all.她盯着 “地毯” 看了一会儿, 又说 : “你根本用不着书橱, gaze at 凝视stare at凝视 ； glare at 怒目而视 、瞪着fix ones eyes on sth 注视、目不转睛、凝视、把注意力集中在上You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯!” carpet n.地毯rug  rg n.(小)地毯lay a carpet 铺地毯 ； on the carpet 训斥四Special Difficulties： 关于adj. / adv. 的练习 选择正确的词 : 1. She dusted the furniture very (careful)(carefully).2. I hit him very (hardly) (hard) .3. This exercise is not (hard)(hardly).4. I got home from work very (lately)(late) last night.5. I (near)(nearly) missed the bus the this morning.6. He ran so (fastly)(fast) no one could keep up with him.7. I can't jump so (highly)(high).答案：1. carefully 2. hard 3. hard 4. late 5. nearly 6. fast 7. high【Special Difficulties】 形容词、相应的副词及其用法：许多副词，特别是表示方式的副词，皆由形容词加-ly构成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。一些频度副词也如此构成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾：high（高的）/highly（高度地），real（真的）/really（真正的）。大多数形容词加 “ly” 变为副词 : 如 beautifulbeautifully，但是不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成，但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奋的，困难的）/hardly（几乎不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（迟到的，晚的）/lately（最近，近来），near（近的，接近的）/nearly（几乎，差不多，差点儿）。有些副词有两种形式。有的意义相同，如cheap（廉价的）/cheaply（廉价地），但有的意义不同如late（迟，晚）/lately（近来），hard（努力地，猛烈地）/hardly（几乎不）。late<adj. , adv.> 迟 ； lately adv. 近来(=recently)hard<adj. , adv.> 努力地(表示程度深), 困难地(=difficult) ；hardly几乎不high<adj.>高的 ，adv.>高度地 ；highlyadv.> 高度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)deep<adj. , adv.> 深的； deeply adv.> 深度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)near<adj. , adv.> 在旁边的 ；nearly adv.> 几乎, 将近有些副词在形式上与形容词相同，如fast，past，far等。大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词前面，表示时间的副词常位于句尾，有时也可位于句首。程度副词，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它们所修饰的动词之前。副词修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词性本身(very much), 还可以修饰句子五Exercise：1.His room is rather small . Its b room .a. a small enough b. a fairly small 相当小c. terribly small 少得可怜、极其小的 d. a much smaller 更加小的2. The writer c bookcases.a. needn't b. needs not c. doesn't need d. isn't needingneednt 情态动词后面不能加动词need not 实义动词后面不能加not，need 不用进行时态3. He actually has to walk on them. He can't do c .a. else b. different c. otherwise d. otherelse一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anything else ,anybody else ,who else ,what else等different形容词, 动词后应加副词或名词做宾语, 而不是形容词other形容词；the other代词 otherwise conj. 否则, 不然Hurry up, otherwise you will miss train. adj. 另外的, 其他方面的 adv. 另外, 否则, 不同地, 别的方式 (=differently)4. In Britain , the best season of the year is probably d spring .a. later ad.后来 a.后面的；新近的；晚年的b. last a.刚过去的；最后的 ad.最后 vi.持续c. latter n.后者 a.后者的；后一半的，末了的d. late a.晚的；晚期的；最近的 ad.迟，晚六Review：1. Key structures：现在完成进行时：have / has been doing eg：I have been working hard all morning .eg：I have been trying to get my new room in order .2. Main Points：every inch 完全，彻底 work hard 一生悬命働、勤勉働hard worker 努力工作的人to make matters worse 让事情更糟 in ones spare time 在某人的空闲时间七补充内容：谚语：1. Know which / what side ones bread is buttered （on）.知道自己的利益所在，善于为自己打算2. Let sleeping dogs lie . 别多事,别惹麻烦专心-专注-专业