英美概况简答论述题答案(共2页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1.why dotourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.3.The Rise and Fall of the British Empire.Colonization of Newfoundland, the first Britain colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the Britain Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the worlds landmass. During the mid-19th century, the Britain government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War I, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britains colonies gained indepependence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.4.What are the three functions of the House of Commons?The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.5.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.6.What were the major causes of Britains relative economic decline in the postwar period?First, Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the Britain Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for Britain goods, gained their independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after World War II whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.7.what role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the publics opinion, determine peoples moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.8.why did America change its policy and enter World War II?The Americas policy of neutrality changed in 1940. Because of the formation of the Axis, the American government feared that the Axis countries were winning the war and it might threaten Americas security and interests. It began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the Axis Powers. The Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor became the direct cause for Americas entrance into the war.9.what made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two world wars, America remained neutral in the early stage of the wars. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries; therefore, they not only retained their military forces but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power, and became the most powerful country by the end of World War II.10.what is the difference between the Democrats and the Republicans in terms of political opinions?The Democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern. They favor civil rights laws, a strong social security system, less restrictive abortion laws, among others. The Republicans favor an economic system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion. They also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.11.what are the origins of Thanksgiving Day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World. In 1620, the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food, so many of them died. During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.12.what are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known.13.what are the Governor Generals responsibilities?The responsibilities of the Governor General include summoning the House of Commons and the Senate, giving Royal Assent to all federal laws passed by the House, opening and ending sessions of Parliament, and dissolving Parliament before election.专心-专注-专业