毕业设计外文翻译(共13页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外文资料翻译学生姓名： 李鹏冲 专业班级： 机械设计制造及其自动化04级2班 指导教师： 杨庆山 河北工程大学机电学院2008年6月装载机发展概况AbstractThis paper have discussed s.s. ZL-50 type fork-lift truck mainly overall fictitious prototype design as well as some kinds of typical schoolwork operating modes imitate and emulate , include equipment and the overall parts needed build mould. In this design course, have applied ADAMS software and the software of PRO/ENGINEER. ADAMS software is used in the emulation of some kinds of schoolwork operating modes, and the software of PRO/ENGINEER is used to build mould mainly. Through the simulated emulation for some kinds of overall schoolwork operating modes, can see relatively distinctly the overall possible condition in actual schoolwork course that met , can in time modify , have reduced actual design time , have raised production efficiency. The innovation of this design Zhi is in in, imitate and have emulated fork-lift truck the 3 kinds of typical schoolwork operating mode in actual schoolwork, is effect again have imitated in actual schoolwork the hydraulic impact of use, so when being helpful to solve actual loading, the actual problem of meeting the stock that is hard to uninstall can so raise production efficiency. Key words: Fork-lift truck 、 fictitious prototype , build mould, emulation, optimization、 production efficiency Loader Development   China's modern 20 wheel loaders began in the mid-1960s of the Z435. The aircraft as a whole rack, rear axle steering. After years of hard work, the attraction was the world's most advanced technology wheel loader on the basis of the successful development of the power of 162 KW of shovel-fit wheel loaders, stereotypes for Z450 (later ZL50), and in 1971 December 18, formally appraised by experts. Thus the birth of China's first articulated wheel loader, thus creating our industry loader formation and development history.        Z450-type loader with hydraulic mechanical transmission, power shift, Shuangqiaoshan drive, hydraulic manipulation, articulated power steering, gas oil Afterburner brake wheel loaders, and other modern, the basic structure of the world's advanced level for the time . Basically represent the first generation of wheeled loading the basic structure. The aircraft in the overall performance of dynamic, and insertion force a rise of power and flexibility, manipulation of light, the higher operating efficiency of a series of advantages.        1978, Heavenly Creations by the Department in accordance with the requirements of machinery, worked out to LIUGONG Z450-based type of wheel loaders series of standards. The development of standards, with reservations Z representatives loaders, L replaced by "4" on behalf of wheel, for ZL50 to Z450, it is so developed a LIUGONG ZL50-based China ZL-wheel loaders series of standards, this is Wong loader on the development of China's a major turning point. The standard was worked out by the industry after the division of labor, LIUGONG Xiamen ZL40 the manufacture of the large and medium wheel loaders, as workers, to the following small and medium-sized manufacturing ZL30 wheel loaders, and gradually formed a LIUGONG Xiamen workers, and 10% for workers at the loader to four backbone enterprises. To the late 1970s, early 1980s loader manufacturing enterprises in China has increased to more than 20, China has initially formed the loader industry. So far, China has developed wheel loader to the third generation, but the basic structure is still the Z450 (ZL50) evolved from. Change is not a very large second generation, third generation of some larger changes. 2001 China loader industry-wide total sales have exceeded 30,000 Taiwan, the world loader in the forefront of the market. Therefore, at present, China has become the world's loader marketing power.Prospect of small loader For a long time, small loader always been neglected in the status of a government department, not to regulate the management of the industry, well-known businesses loader products is dismissive. However, these did not affect small loader (hereinafter referred to small equipment) rapid development, and now with a small market despite its huge market demand has attracted such as the Long renowned engineering machinery enterprises to participate in the competition, the main battlefield in the rural areas with the small size of the market, sales have already reached 4 5 million, more than 200 brands to participate in market competition. But small market can be said to be installed speed expansion disorderly competition coexist. How to achieve industrial upgrading is placed in front of the small equipment industry must resolve a problem.      Lack industry attribution      Compared with large and medium-sized industries loaders, small with the development of the industry can use "plan" to describe, not only government departments related to the absence of industrial policies or development plans, and to date, industry has not completely clear attribution, the reality of the small equipment industries across engineering machinery, agricultural machinery and construction machinery, the three industries of grey areas. Despite the small market with a flourishing, but all small equipment manufacturers and dealers can dodge exists in the industry before the many obstacles to development.           Small installed mainly refers to the rated load between 0.3 0.9 T products, also known as micro-loader. As industry ownership is not clear, with small products has been no unified national technology and quality standards, the overwhelming majority of products are installed in the small-wheeled tractor developed on the basis of the. In addition small installed the product is currently used by the main component parts from tractors and light truck, not by the needs of small equipment for low-speed heavy-duty bridge, special bins key component parts, including even small projects with special tires. As a low technical content, resulting in a very low threshold of industry and become the de facto "open" industry, any person, business can be very easily installed into small industries.      Small enterprises have installed a number of "fans", according to Construction Machinery Association Scraper Branch Secretary-General Chen Kai Yun, a conservative estimate at more than 200. More concentrated in Shandong Laizhou, Taian, Weifang, in Luoyang, Henan Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and other places, annual sales of more than 2,000 Taiwan enterprises with a small handful, the majority of small businesses with annual sales in 3200 by the following, with the production of small enterprises , the same easy to set up and close down.      It is precisely because the strength of small enterprises with very limited products without high technology content, in the vast majority of enterprises to participate in market competition are in the process of basically a single means to price competition to sell products for the purpose, without taking into account future market things. In the common with the credit industry, services, brand competition means small industry basically not installed, in addition to differences in the strength of enterprises and product differentiation, marketing and management philosophy that is the deep-seated causes.      Because users of the products of small equipment to mainly rural users, and users can only cover rural farm machinery sales networks, construction machinery and construction machinery sales are only part of the network coverage in rural areas. And the sale of equipment similar, with small products also requires agents or distributors can take the initiative to sell products to users and to users with standard and thoughtful service, and farm machinery dealers more customary sit shop operator, has no sales force, There is no specialized service teams, more difficult to expect the market planning, customer management. Construction machinery dealers and farm machinery dealers also have a lot of similarities, and engineering machinery dealers not accustomed to deal with rural users. Therefore, the small market is not mature with the sales network, to a large extent affected the market maturation process can not be achieved on the one hand, the user guide, on the other hand, can not be achieved on the manufacturers facilitating role. Operating environment and the use of the different habits, resulting in a lack of support for non-small pieces of installed products can hardly meet the actual needs of users, increasing the cost of services at the same time, improve customer satisfaction become almost impossible task.        Increased market differentiation      Unlike the preceding two years, with no small on the future of the market is basically no doubts. However, when the small rural installed by the new face of the building the vast potential market demand, whether it is the product itself, or the level of industrial development is clearly not satisfied.      , And because of the double impact of external factors, with small market differentiation is an inexorable trend. Relying solely on price competition means does not make the small favorably with industry development. In fact, it is due to excessive price competition, leading to small enterprises with low profitability, sales, and the prosperity of the entire industry can not hide the crisis of survival. Anticipate with a few small companies have started the "innovation" in the product upgrades at the same time, learn from the equipment industry and other related industries experience, to establish their own marketing team and distribution network and market competition tends to differentiation.      In the high-end users with the needs of small change, directly contributing to small enterprises with the differentiation, with the concept of progress and consumer financial strength of the expansion, some of the rural users (particularly in the industrialized operation of agriculture users) product performance and after-sales service and put forward higher requirements. Liaoning Anshan Haihong such as production of high-end products not only with small to have their own patented technology (use of mechanical devices greatly enhance the performance of its products, avoid using electric control, hydraulic devices, such as product performance after upgrading to the use of rural users increased maintenance costs ), and introduced the "non-controversial" services.      Especially in big enterprises with increased involvement of small enterprises with pressure, the end of 2006, the Dragon Holdings acquired Henan Baiyun electrical and mechanical equipment involved in the production of small fields.      Small with a huge potential market demand, but only to meet user needs, and guide the user needs, small equipment will have lasting vitality. Existing small enterprises with well-known loaders already facing small enterprises involved with the production sectors and small users to buy equipment or equipment, such as small excavators alternative products twin crises, with the production of small enterprises can take the initiative to upgrade their win more more time and greater market space.      Any industries are indispensable for the development of market competition and government regulations two factors. With the status quo on small industries, market competition and excessive government regulation missing, the entire industry in a very low level of operation development, and a lack of development of the industry often staying power will gradually shrink, or even disappear.               First to be addressed is the issue of trade with small, small equipment products really have their own products "definition", a special product standards. Although at this stage with small user groups mainly concentrated in the rural market, but the market coverage of the future is certainly both urban and rural areas, this is because small equipment can be widely used for municipal maintenance, landscape construction, building and construction, underground loading and unloading areas.      Second, improve industry access threshold is a feasible solution. Small equipment industry can learn from the industry's largest equipment manufacturers licensing system, in terms of production quality suitable restrictions and improve the industry's manufacturing standards.      In recent years loader well-known enterprises in recent years have involved with the production of small areas, such as the Dragon, XCMG, and the mountains, but not really most of the production of one ton of small equipment products, the main reason is hindering their high-end products in the market inadequate capacity. However, this also means that for the small enterprises with not too much time, if not in the relatively short period of time upgrading of enterprises and products, from business philosophy, product marketing idea to the concept of all-round self-improvement, self-transformed into a long-term development objectives and market competition-conscious modern manufacturing enterprises, and a larger-scale sales, in the future and well-known enterprises loader win in the competition may be very small.Mechanical Engineering Society of China was founded in 1936, China was set up earlier, the largest one of the Institute of Engineering. The existing 33 professional chapters, 180,000 members, of whom there are more than 3,000 senior members, more than 500 members of Hong Kong, Macao and overseas, there are more than 4,000 corporate members. Academic exchange is the Institute's basic functions, the Institute is held annually hundreds, and colorful academic conferences. Special is an annual Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society annual meeting, the topic is the integration activities of the various large-scale comprehensive meeting. , The main thrust of the report will include the General Assembly, the topic of academic, scientific and technological progress releases, forums, lectures, display, a number of activities such as presentation, rich in content, as well as inside and outside the country in the industry has had a tremendous impact. Editing, publishing and academic meetings and academic exchanges wings. Over the years, the organization has prepared a "China Materials Engineering ceremony," and "machine repair manual," such as hundreds of large-scale tool, science and technology books and related materials. Academic journals published by the "Journal of mechanical engineering", "Chinese Mechanical Engineering", more than 60 species, and for promoting the development of academic disciplines has played an important role. Member Society is the mainstay of the Institute and the basis for the existence of the necessary conditions for achieving democracy Office will learn organizat