2012考研真题英语阅读text1解析(共2页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上TEXT 1Come on Everybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing（强制）, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure（同伴的压力）. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual（随意的）sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends （(+against/for/with)1. 争夺,竞争2. 全力对付;搏斗;奋斗3. 争论,辩论）that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure（社会治疗）, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg, the recipient（接受者;受领者;接受器,容器(+of)）of a Pulitzer Prize（普利策奖）, offers a host（许多，主人）of 【a host of:表许多（+名词单数）】example of the social cure in action（在行动）: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored（赞助的，发起的） antismoking（禁止吸烟） program called Rage（愤怒【fly into a rage：勃然大怒】）Against the Haze （n.&v.阴霾，疑惑；使朦胧，使糊涂）sets out to make cigarettes uncool（粗野的，没把握的，不冷静沉着的，土里土气的）. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention（pri'venn） initiative（主动权，首创精神） known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising（有希望的，有前途的），and Rosenberg is a perceptive（感知的，有知觉力的）observer. Her critique（kr'tik 批评，评论，评论文章） of the lameness（残废，跛【lame：跛足的，无说服力的】） of many public-health campaigns is spot-on（显而易见的？）: they fail to mobilize（'mubilaiz 1. 动员;调动2. 使流通;使松动）peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.“Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads （plid 1. 【律】为(案件)辩护;作为答辩提出2. 以.为理由,以.为口实+that3. 【律】(不用被动式)承认）one billboard（广告牌） campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page（学习，模仿） from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness（一般的有效性） of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring（1. 耀眼的;闪耀的2. 瞪视的;炯炯的）flaw（【the most glaring flaw:最明显的缺点】）of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior【exerton：运用在上】. An emerging(用作定语)新兴的) body(【新兴体】) of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain（不确定的）, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats（'bjur,kræt 官僚，官僚主义者） can select our peer groups and steer （1. 掌(船)舵,驾驶O2. 指导;带领;操纵O3. 沿着.前进,遵循）their activities in virtuous（'vtus 1. 有道德的;善良的;正直的2. 贞洁的）directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up（崩溃;分离;解散;结业）the troublemakers in the back row（在后排） by pairing （(演出、比赛等的)双人,双档;配档）them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic（战术;策略;手法） never really works. And thats the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.专心-专注-专业