2016年新牛津深圳版英语八年级上册第2单元知识要点(共9页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上新牛津深圳版英语八年级上册第2单元知识要点一、单词：1. number 数字( member成员 ) 2. instructions 指示；命令( strict 严格的 )3. check 检查；核实( chick ) 4. challenge 向某人挑战( change; all )5. accident (交通)事故 6. promise 许诺；承诺( promise to do )7. chess 国际象棋 8. chessboard 国际象棋棋盘( chess; board )9. double 加倍；双的(trouble) 10. wise 有智慧的(=clever/ smart/ bright)11. son 儿子( daughter女儿 ) 12. instead 代替；顶替( instead of )13. amount 数量；数额(= number) 14. realize 认识到;意识到(=be aware of/understand)15. prize 奖赏；奖品(= award ) 16. correctly 正确地( correct adj.; right )17. gram 克( kilogram 千克 ) 18. grain 谷粒( rain；brain；train )19. copy 抄写；誊写；复制 20. traffic 交通；车辆(= vehicles ) 21. India 印度( Indian adj. ) 22. gold 金子；黄金( golden adj.; hold )23. rest 休息(= rest)；剩余部分(= something left; best; nest巢；窝；test; west )二、词组:1. copy/write.down 抄写；誊写 2. take place = happen 发生3. and so on 等等 4. at first= first of all 首先；起初5. challengeto 向(某人)挑战 6. finally=at last=in the end 最后；最终7. make/ get money 赚钱；挣钱 8. ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助9. talk to/ with sb 与某人谈话 10. look at = have/take a look at 看看11. from now on 从今往后 12. from then on = since then 从那以后13. traffic accident 交通事故 14. all year around=all the year 整年；全年15. lead to= cause 导致；通向 16. notany more/longer=no longer/more 不再17. a number of 大量的；许多的 18. a long time ago=long long ago 很早以前19. the number of + 名词复数 的数量 （谓语动词用第三人称单数：因为主语是 number）The number of our school students is about 3000. 我们学校的学生人数大约是三千。三、句型结构：1. order sb to do sth. 命令某人做某事 2. begin to do sth. 开始做某事3. promise sb. to do sth. 承诺某人做某事 4. promise to do sth. 承诺做某事5. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 6. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人7. used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 8. sb. be used to doing sth.某人习惯做某事9. use sth. to do sth. = use sth. for doing sth. = do sth. with sth. 用某物做某事10. would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事四、语法： Cardinal and ordinal numbers 基数词和序数词 数字分为基数词和序数词。表示人或事物数量多少的数词叫基数词，如：one, two, three, nine, ten；表示人或事物的顺序的数词叫序数词，如：first, second, third, ninth. 常用基数词和序数词对照表如下所示：数字基数词序数词数字基数词序数词数字基数词序数词1onefirst11eleveneleventh2twosecond12twelvetwelfth20twentytwentieth3threethird13thirteenthirteenth30thirtythirtieth4fourfourth14fourteenfourteenth40fortyfortieth5fivefifth15fifteenfifteenth50fiftyfiftieth6sixsixth16sixteensixteenth60sixtysixtieth7sevenseventh17seventeenseventeenth70seventyseventieth8eighteighth18eighteeneighteenth80eightyeightieth9nineninth19nineteennineteenth90ninetyninetieth10tententh20twentytwentieth100hundredhundredth千thousandthousandth百万millionmillionth十亿billionbillionth 基数词（大于1） + 名词复数 序数词 + 名词单数 须牢记的基数词：1 至 13、20、40、百、千、百万、十亿 须记住的基数词：first; second; third; fifth; twelfth; ninth; 整十数如fortiethI. 基数词：(1).表示几十几时,在十位数和个位数之间添加连字符“-” 45 forty-five 92 ninety-two(2).表示几百时,在百位数与十位数或个位数间加上and. 如:320 three hundred and twenty 101 a hundred and one(3) .千位数以上的,从数字的有端向左段数起,每位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加thousand,第二个“，”前面的数字后添加million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加billion.如： 2，648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-four(4) .基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百，千，百万,十亿的附属形式，如：two hundreds,eight thousands都是错误的：但是当基数词表示不明确数字，如成百，成千上万时，基数词则以复数形式出现。如：hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。II、序数词：(1).从第一至第十九，其中，onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth, nineninth,twelvetwelfth为特殊形式，其他的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如：sixsixth, nineteennineteenth(2) .从第二十几至第九十几时，整数第几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起 表示。例：31 Thirty-first 第三十一； 59 fifty-ninth 第五十九 43 forty-third 第四十三（3）、第一百以上的多位序数词。只须把个位的基数词变为序数词。 121 One-hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 2,320 two thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第二千三百二十（4）、第三类( 整十 ) twentieth (20th) 第二十 thirtieth (30th) 第三十 fortieth (40th) 第四十 fiftieth (50th) 第五十 sixtieth (60th)  第六十 seventieth(70th) 第七十 eightieth (80th) 第八十 ninetieth (90th) 第九十 这一类全是十位整数的序数词，共八个。它们的构成方法是：先将相应的十位整数的基数词词 尾ty中的y改成i，然后在加上后缀eth。 注：three thirteen thirty third five fifteen fifty fifth four fourteen forty(5) 序数词的缩写形式 first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20th twenty-third23rd其中 1st,2nd 3rd为特殊形式，其他的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th.注意：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再”，“又”We'll go over it a second time.我们将再复习一遍。另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词，但首字母要大写。如：the first lessonLesson One, the fifth pagePage Five1. 分数表示法: 分子（基数词） + 分母（序数词） 分数时由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子时“1”以 外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。 1/3 one third或 a third 3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 4/5 four fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或three and one quarter2. 时刻表示法:a) 表示几点钟用基数词加o'clock, o'clock也可以省略5：00读作five o'clock或fiveb) 表示几点过几分（分钟数不超过半小时，包括半小时half）,用 “ 分 + past + 时 ” 7：05 five past seven 七点过五分 6：30 half past six 六点半 8：15 a quarter past eight八点一刻c) 表示分钟数超过半小时的几点差几分，用“分（60原分钟数）+ to + 时（点钟数+1）”7：50 ten to eight( 10 to 8 ) 差十分八点 = 七点五十分 11：45 a quarter to twelve 或 fifteen to twelve 差一刻十二点=十一点四十五分d) 在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间，以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。6：31读作six thirty-one 10：26 读作ten twenty-six 16:15读作 sixteen fifteen3. 小数表示法 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左边的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右边的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读：小数点读作point,0读作zero或o,整数部分为零时，可以省略。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三 当数字值大于1时，小数后的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数 1.03 metres 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 1.5 tons 一点五吨 4. 百分数表示法：分数用基数词 + per cent表示50% fifty per cent 百分之五十 0.12% zero point one two per cent 百分之零点五四、写作指导： 1、写作目标：人们的物质生活水平越来越高，孩子们手里的零用钱也越来越多。孩子们对零用钱的花费方式也不尽相同。假设你们学校上周就中学生如何使用他们的零用钱做了一个调查。调查结果如下表所示，请结合下表内容写一篇不少于80词的英语短文，介绍一下调查结果。调查对象重阳中学(Chongyang Middle School)人数280人消费方式1、买书（30%， 84人）2、买衣服、零食、饮料（40%， 112人）3、上艺术课（音乐课、舞蹈课等）（20%， 56人）4、为朋友买礼物（10%， 28人）2、写作指导：1）、首先，明确写作主题。本书面表达为表格提示类作文，应该以重点介绍调查结果的具体信息为主要内容；2）、其次，参照表格的具体信息，逐条将内容表达清楚、完整；3）、全文应以一般现在时为主。3、常用词汇或句型：survey(调查) pocket money(零用钱) result(结果) art lesson(艺术刘邦) spendon useto do4、作文范文：Im a student of Chongyang Middle School. Last week, our school did a survey on how the students spend their pocket money. Here are the results. Among the two hundred and eighty students, eighty-four students spend their pocket money on books; one hundred and twelve students like using pocket money to buy clothes, snacks and drinks; fifty-six students use it to pay for art lessons, such as music lessons, dancing lessons and so on; twenty-eight students use the money to buy some gifts for their friends.中考英语考点：数词一、写出下列各基数词的序数词形式：*1、one *2、two *3、three 4、four *5、five *6、nine *7、eight *8、twelve *9、thirty 10、forty 11、fifty 12、ninety 13、twenty-one 14、thirty-two 15、fifty-three 16、forty-five 17、sixty-nine 18、209 二、用英语表示分数1、1/3 _ 2、1/4 3、3/4 _ 4、5/8 _5、7/12 _ 6、2/5 _ 7、5/9 8. 9/14_写出下列各时刻（用两种方式）：1. 6:15 2. 7:30 3. 8:40 4. 9:25 5. 10:50 6. 11:48 四、选择填空：( )1. Are you in _ ？A. Grade One, Class One B. the Class One, Grade OneC. Class One, Grade One D. the Grade One, Class One( )2. _foreigners came to Shenzhen to work in the 1990s.A. Thousands of B. Thousandths of C. Thousand of D. Thousandth of( )3. Henry sits in _.A. the Row Five B. Row five C. Row Five D. the Five Row( )4. Dick, it is _ time in _ days that you've made the same mistake. A. two, three B. second, three C. two, third D. second, third( )5. Today is_.A. August the first, nineteen ninety-nine B. August the first, nineteen ninty-nineC. the first of May, ninteen ninety-ninth D. the first of May, nineteen ninty-nine( )6. Darren has been in this school for_.A. one and a half year B. one and a half yearsC. one year and half D. half and one year( )7. She has _.A. an 8-year-old boy B. a 8-year-old boy C. an 8-years-old boy D. a 8 years old boy ( )8. Over_ people are living in Shanghai.A. 16 million B. 16 millions C. 16 millions of D. 16 million of( )9. A: How many years ago did dinosaurs exist on Earth?B: About sixty_ years ago.A. million of B. millions of C. million D. millions( )10. September is _ month of the year. A. the ninth B. a ninth C. ninth D. the nineth( )11.     of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.  A. Two-third   B. Second-third   C. Two-thirds   D. Second-thirds( )12. Where are they going to have the meeting? In     .  A. 204 Room   B. Room 204   C. the room 204  D. the Room 204( )13. What is the time? Its     (4:25).  A. four twenty-five  B. four past twenty-five  C. twenty-five to four      D. four twenty five( )14. Please give us     .  A. two glasses of waters       B. two glass of water  C. two glasses water   D. two glasses of water( )15. Light is     faster than an ordinary plane.  A. two million time   B. millions of time C. three millions times D. millions of times( )16. There are     seasons in a year. The     season is spring.  A. four, one    B. fourth, first  C. fourth, one   D. four, first( )17. She has a      baby.  A. ten-months-old B. ten months-old  C. ten-months-olds D. ten-month-old( )18. It took them     to finish the work last year.   A. two and a half months B. two month and a half C. a half and two months D. two months and half( )19. Whats the date today? It's     .   A. July five   B. July the five C. July fifty   D. July the fifth( )20. There are     in the room.   A. four box of oranges  B. four boxes of orange  C. four box oranges     D. four boxes of oranges( )21. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty- five( )22. A: Can I help you? B: I'd like _for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes( )23. Jack is now in _. A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three D. grade three( )24. Bill said they would have _ holiday. A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two month's( )25. Tim is _ boy. He can say a few words. A. an one-year-old B. a one-year-old C. an one-year old D. a one-year old( )26. I spent _ in doing my homework yesterday. A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour C. two hour and a half D. two and a half hours( )27. Nanjing is a city with many places of interest._ tourists come here every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousands of ( )28. A: How many people are there in Changsha? B: About six _. A. million B. millions C. millions of D. million of( )29. A: How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? B: It's hard to say. _ people, I think. A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of( )30. I have made _ dumplings. Now I'm making the _ one. A. twenty; twentieth-first B. twenty; twenty-first C. twentieth; twenty-first D. twenty; twenty-one ( )31. Time is not enough for so much work. _ people are needed, I think. A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others( )32. This is a big class, and _ of the students are girls. A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three( )33. A: What's one fourth and a half, do you know? B: Yes, it's _. A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths( )34. Nearly _of the earth_ covered by sea. A. three fourth; is B. three fourths; is C. three fourth; are D. three fourths; are( )35. About _ of the books in the school library written in Chinese. A. four fifth;is B. four fifths; is C. four fifths; are D. four fifth; are( )36. How many people will go to Beijing next year? Its hard to say. _ people, A. Million of B. Millions of C. Tree millions D. Three millions of ( )37. There were about six students in the school building, but only of them ran out. A. hundred; two third B. hundred; two thirds C. hundreds; two thirds D. hundreds; two third ( )38. There are chapters in our English book. Chapter is the most important. A. nine; Ninth B. nine; The ninth C. ninth; The ninth D. nine; The nine( )39. We write 1:20 in English like this . A. one twenty B. one point twenty C. twenty past one D. Both A and C( )40. My father is and we just had a party for his birthday yesterday. A. fortieth; forty B. forty; forty C. forty; fortieth D. fortieth; fortieth专心-专注-专业