高考-状语从句讲解和练习题(共10页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语重要考点解析状语从句定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，状语从句由从属连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来。类型时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式、比较状语从句。时间状语从句1.引导词 when, while, as, as soon as, once, before, after, every time, each time, since, whenever, ever since, until ,till等。2.whenever, each time, every time的用法。 注：whenever=no matter whenevery time / each time 每次， whenever 每当······时，表示习惯性、经常性的动作。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.Each time he came to town he would visit our school.Eevery time I went to his house, he was out.注：whenever=no matter when whenever既可以引导时间从句也可引导名词性从句，no matter when只可以引导时间状语从句。It does not matter whenever the party begins.3.before的汉英表达1）before的基本含义是“在·····以前”The train had left before he got to the station.注意：与before对应的是after引导的时间状语从句，表“在·····之后”。2）强调从句动作发生的晚或慢，before可译成“（后）·····才”句型：It was + 时间段 + before····· It will be + 时间段 + before·····It seemed long time before my turn came.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.It will be five years before we meet again.3)主句中谓语动词是否定形式，before可译成“就”、“便”、“快”句型：It was not +时间段 + before ···· It wont be + 时间段+ before ····（从句谓语动词用一般现在时）It was not long before he got to know it.It wont be long before we get promotion.4)强调在从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生，before可译成“还没有····就”Before I could say a single word, he ran away.4.when, while, as 的用法及区别1）when表示“当····的时候”从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用点动词，可表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动词既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。I met Tom when I was walking along the street.1)如果when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语又是be动词，从句主语和be可以省略。When (you are) in trouble, ask me for help.2）当when从句主语与主句主语相同时，用when加分词可以代替状语从句。When ( I am) sleeping, I can never hear anything.2.as 表示“当····时”、“一边····一边”、“随着”1)表示“当····时”、“与····同时”，指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用动态动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。As he was eating his breakfast , he heard the door bell ringing.(强调同一时间)2）用于平行的动作中，表示“一边····一边····”，常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。The students took notes as they listened.3)表示“随着····”，常指两种正在发展或变化的情况。As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.3.while表示“在····的时候”、“在····期间”它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内。While从句中必须是延续性动词。I was reading the book while he was watching TV.1)如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.2)如果主句和从句主语相同，while加现在分词可代替状语从句。While discussing the matter, they got very excited.3)while有时还有对比的含义，意为“然而，却”。While I was reading, he was playing.注意：1.表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中，用when,while, as。He was fond of swimming when (while) he was yet a child.As he was a child, he was fond of swimming.2.从句中为be动词时，多用when 和 while.Dont talk too much when (while) you are eacting.3.谈论两个同时进行的长时间动作可用while。While he is in the office, he is always serious.(严肃的)4.谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用as。The students rose as the teacher entered the classroom.5.till和untill的用法。在肯定句中表示“直到····为止”，主句需用延续性动词。在否定句中表示“直到····才”，主句常用点动词。1）till一般不用于句首Lets wait till the rain stops. Dont wake him till midnight.2)until when疑问句中，untill要放在句首Until when are you staying here ? Until next Tuesday.注意：当until引起的状语修饰动词肯定式时，动词常是延续性动词；反之，修饰动词否定式时，动词常是点动词。3）否定句可用另外两种句式表示Not until ····放在句首，主句用倒装。Not until it was dark did he come back.It is not until ···that ···强调句型。It wasnt until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.6.since（自从）,ever since(自从)的用法since表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用。I have known her since I have lived here.He has been ill ever since.他自那以后一直生病。句型：It is / has been + 时间段+since····(一般过去时)It is 10 years since he lived here.7.表示“一····就····”的结构Hardly / scarcely ····when , no sooner ···· than, as soon as, the minute, the momemt, directly, immediately 都可以表示“一····就····”的意思。I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.=I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.= As soon as I got home, it began to rain.The old worker recognized the type of the machine directly he saw it.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，主句必须用倒装结构。Hadly had I got home when it began to rain.= No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out. = Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、是真实的条件时，用真实条件句。If it rains tomorrow, we wont hold a sports meeting on the playground.If I have time, I will come to help you.非真实条件句当从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时，用非真实条件句。If I had known the answer at that time , I would have told him.1.if, unless和if···not用法条件状语从句可以由if, unless等词或词组引导。Unless在意义上相当于if···not。If I had enough money, I would buy it.You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you dont study hard.You wont be late unless he is ill. = He wont be late if he is not ill.注意：虚拟条件句中可用if···not,但不能用unless。If she were not too silly, she would understand.2.引导条件状语从句的其他连词in case 万一， so / as long as 只要，as / so far as 就···而言， on condition that 条件是····，suppose假设，supposing假设等。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.You may stay here as long as you keep quiet.We will let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.Suppose the plane is late?= What if ( What will happen if ) the plane is late?注意：on condition that 从句只位于主句后。Suppose / supposing往往仅用在问句中。Suppose / supposing we cant ge enough food, what shall we do ?3.if后的主谓可以省略If possible, I would lke to have two copies.= if it is possible, I would like to have two copies.注意：当主句是一般将来时，条件句要用一般现在时。原因状语从句1.引导词 as, because, since, now that, considering that , seeing that等。2.because引导的原因状语从句Because不能与so 连用，但可与therefore, consequently 连用。3.seeing that 引导的原因状语从句Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.4.because与for的区别For是并列连词，表示因果关系时，可用because替换，不同是：because引导的从句位置可在主句之前或之后，而for分句只能后置。另外，当for用于推断或猜测（常有must be, must have done 结构）时，不能用because替换。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.5.在it is / was ···that···的强调结构中It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.目的状语从句1.引导词 that , so that, for fear that以便，in case等，这类从句中常常用情态动词may/might, can/could,should等，以保证语气通顺自然。He wrote the name down for fear that / lest he should forget it.They do exercises every morning so that they might be healthy.注意：目的状语从句中一般用情态动词或“should+动词原形”，或省略should。The students study hard so that they they may pass the exam.2.in case, lest , for fear that引导的目的状语从句。动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为（should）+ 动词原形，也可以不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of / thinks of coming back.I got up early lest I was late for school.结果状语从句1.引导词 that, so that , so···that, such···that。I am really tired that I can not stand.2.so与such的用法1）当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so而不用suchI have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.He did so much work that he was really tired.有时为了表示强调，so位于句首，这时后面跟动词的倒装形式。So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off.3.such的位置1）与不定代词any, all, no, few, some, several等连用时，放在不定代词后。All such possibilities must be considered.Several such mistakes affect the whole composition.2)与不定冠词连用放在不定冠词前。常用结果状语从句句型：so + 形容词/副词+that 从句。They were so absorbed that we didnt disturb them.so + 形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that 从句。It was so beautiful a night that I wanted to walk.such a/an + 形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句。It is such a good chance that we must not miss it.such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。There are much lovely birds here that many children come to see them.注意：They are such little children that they dont kown that.He had so little education that he didnt know that.在词组such little children中，little表示“小”，修饰名词children，不是表示“少”，所以用such;而词组so little education中，little表示“少”，so修饰形容词little。让步状语从句1.引导词 although, though,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether,no matter(who, what,where,when ,etc.) even if, even though。We wont be discouraged even if / even though we fail ten times.No matter what you do, dont touch this switch.However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.2.as 引导的让步状语从句连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。Young as he is, he knows a lot.= Though he is young，he knows a lot.= Young though he is, he knows a lot.注意：though也有同as一样的用法，可以替代as，但although没有这种用法。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。Child as he was, he knew that what was the right thing to do.表语为形容词修饰的名词时，要用冠词。A young child as he is, he knows how to please others.3.even if , even though引导的让步状语从句even if, even though即使，表示让步，语气最强。We will make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad.4.though 和although引导的让步状语从句Though和although不能与but连用，但可与still和yet连用。Though it is hard work, I still enjoy it.Although it was very cold, yet he went out without a cap.5.whether ···or引导的让步状语从句Whether he drives or takes the bus,he will be here on time.6.despite和in spite of 的用法Despite / In spite of the bad weather, they had a wonderful holiday.In spite of having no qualifications he got the job.=He got the job in spite of having no qualifications.Despite the severe weather conditions all the cars completed the course.7.no matter+疑问句或疑问句+后缀ever用法no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter when=wheneverno matter where=wherever no matter which=whichever no matter how=howeverHowever/No matter how expensive it may be, I will take it.注意：no matter 不能引导名词性从句Dont let them in , whoever/no matter who they are.Whatever you do, dont tell him that I told you this.Whatever you say is of no importance now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they are given.方式状语从句1.引导词 as 按照，与···一样, as if仿佛, as though.仿佛I must do as my parents tell me to.2.as if / as though由.as if / as though引导的方式状语从句可用虚拟语气 She stood there as if / as though she were waiting for someone.比较状语从句1.引导词 as···as, not so/as ···as,than, the more ···the more···,more···than, the most···in/of···等。He got up earlier than I did.2.同等状况的比较 He studies as hard as you. He doesnt study as hard as you.3.不同层次的比较I know you better than she.There are more than one hundred people in the hall.The more he learns, the more he wants to learn.This is the most comfortable chair of the three.4.形容词和不定式或动名词连用时的比较通常两者都可使用，但动词不定式常常用于特定的动作，动名词则用于一般情况。It will soon be more difficult to get a visa than it is now.Getting a visa will soon be more difficult than it is now.5.动词原形与would rather / sooner 连用Most people would rather work than starve.I would resign rather than accept him as a partner.地点状语从句引导词where在···的地方，wherever无论哪里，everywhere / anywhere任何地方状语从句的省略 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如： When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . 另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。 (1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如: If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形: a.连词+形容词Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. b.连词+名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.c.连词+ As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.d.连词+过去分词He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.e.连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.f. 连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 状语从句精练100题1. I am to stay_ my mother_ well.A. untill; gets B. until, get C. when; gets D. before; will get. 2. Li Ming was about to do his homework_ the phone rang. A. while B. when C. as D. after3. I have never been to Beijing_ I went to university.A.when B.before C.as D.since4. It was not long_the writer finished his novel. A. when B. after C. before D. until5. We shall go swimming_we have time.A.whenever B.wherever C.howerver D.whatever6. -Where should I put my dictionary? -Put it_ you can easily get it.A.so that B.where C.which D.in order that7. -I'd like a suitcase to use in college, father, -OK. I'll buy one for you_ I have done my work.A.before B.since C.so that D.the monent8. I would like to do it_I like it. A.since B.because of C.because D.now that9. _it is raining,we had better take a taxi.A.As B.For C.Because of D.When10. His speech made_deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.A.so a B.such a C.so D.such11. We must do the experiment_the teacher does. A.whatever B.as C.how D.when12. The book is_it gives a wrong idea of the fact.A.so writing that B.such written that C.such writing that D.so written that13. We started so early_we could get there before that sun set.A.in order that B.in order to C.so as to D.for14. -Could you tell me_you will get my trousers ready? -Yes.In half a month.A.how B.when C.how soon D.how long15. I know nothing about it_he told me. A.unless B.until C.except D.if16. I won't join you_you invite me. A.if B.or C.until D.unless17. Give me your telephone number_I need your help. A.in case B.whether C.unless D.so that18. -Did you answer Smith's call? -I don't have to_I'll see him tomorrow. A.though B.because C.otherwise D.unless19. The number of the people present,_we had expected,was very large.A.that B.which C.who D.as20. _I like it very much,I won't buy it. A.Although B.As though C.As D.If21. _he came to see me,he would phone me first.A.When B.Whenver C.As D.While22. I'm working in the burning sun,_he is sleeping in the shade.A.when B.because C.as D.while23. The work was completed earlier_. A. than we expected B. as we expected C. than we had expected D. like we expected24. _had he hurried into the cave_ it began to pour down. A. No sooner; when B. Hardly; when C. Hardly; than D. As soon as; when25. _,so the sports meet has to be put off.A.Because of the bad weather B.Because it was been raining for daysC.Since the weather has been bad D.It has been raining for days26. I had to borrow some money_I could buy a new car.A.so that B.in order to C.because D.since27. I will keep studying_I live. A.when B.so long as C.as soon as D.on conditon28. _it was late,she went on working. A.Because B.Since C.Though D.Whether29. You will be late for the meeting_you take a taxi. A.until B.and C.or D.unless30. I thought her nice and honest_I met her.A.the first time B.for the first time C.every time when D.by the time31. _the day went on,the weather got worse. A.With B.Since C.As D.While32. He was doing his homework_he saw the teacher passing by