让步状语从句(共5页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上让步状语从句 让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管,即使”就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。例如：Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。（2）as, though表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：Object as you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.) 纵使你反对，我也要去。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. （=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。（3）even if, even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。例如：Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。（4）whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如：You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, it's true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。（5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.)不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。I'll eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。此外，有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。综上所述，我们可以看出，学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用；其次，要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。 As引导让步状语从句倒装的用法As引导让步状语从句的五种句型： 一、名词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 King as he was，he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。 Child as he is，he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。 【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较： Boy as though he is， he likes to play with girls.=Though he is a boy，he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。 Strong man as though he is，General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though he is a strong man， General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。 二、形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Successful as he is，he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。 Improbable as it seems，its true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。 Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。 Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。 Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。 【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。 三、副词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Much as I like Paris，I couldnt live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 Hard though they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 Fast as you read， you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。 He was unable to make much progress，hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。 【说明】有的词典将 much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如： Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。 Much as I like you，I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你在一起生活。 四、动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Object as you may，Ill go.纵使你反对，我也要去。 Try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。 Search as they would，they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。 Dislike him as we may，we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。 Lose money as I did，we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。 Fail in the election as he did，he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。 【说明】主语后的动词通常为 may，might，would，did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用 did，do 等助动词)。 五、分词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Raining hard as it is， Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。 Surrounded as we were by the enemy，we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。 Munching the apple as he was，he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。 【三条补充说明】 1.这类倒装的让步状语从句可用 as， though 来引导，不能用 although 来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句却可用 though， although 来引导，而不能用 as 来引导。也就是说， although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as 引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而 though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如： 虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。 正：Late as though it was，we still went on working. 正：Though it was late，we still went on working. 误：Late although it was，we still went on working . 误：As it was late，we still went on working. 2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较： Tired as he was，he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步) Tired as he was，he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因) Young as he was，he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步) Young as he was，he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因) 3. 在美国英语中，人们通常用 as.as 引导让步状语从句。如： Cold as it was， we went out.=As cold as it was， we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。 Successful as he is， he is not proud.=As successful as he is， he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲。- -好了，亲爱的同学们，关于让步状语从句，你搞懂了吗！Lets have a try.练习题一、选择1. Alice is a good student ._, she has one shortcoming.A.althoughB.as C.however D. even if2. We will not give up _ we shall fail ten times.A. even if B. as C. though D. until3. He had measured me _ I could speak.A. until B. before C. while D. as4. _, he knows more than you.A. Child as he is B. As he is a childC. A child as he is D.However he is a child5. Lin Tao is sure to come to help you the moment _ his homework.A. he will finish B. he has finishedC. he finished D. he had finished6. _ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to finish it.A. No matter B. No wonder C. Though D. However7.Durning the Spring Festival , a lot of people take the bullet train home _ it is expensive.A. so B. as C. because D. though 8. _ we grow older, we grow wiser.A. With B. Since C. While D. As9Mary spends a lot of money on clothes _ her family is not rich.A.because B.thougu C.if D.so10. Although he is considered a great writer, _.A. his works is not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. yet his works are not widely read二、填空。1. Heavily _ it was raining outside,they start out very early. 2._ he looks weak, he is healthy.3._ you believe it or not, it true.4. Will you watch my clothes _ I have a swim?5. _ he was worn out, he kept on working.三、汉译英。1. 即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。2. 无论发生什么，我都不介意。3. 谁然他很年轻，但是他知道很多。4. 他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。5. 不管天气好还是坏，我们也要进行一次旅行。专心-专注-专业