一般现在时(共23页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语时态知识点：一般现在时的定义与用法一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。通常与副词every day（每天），always（总是）,usually（通常）,often（经常）sometimes（有时）,等时间状语连用。例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。Mary's father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。（3）表示客观现实。The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。（4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。（5）表示平日的喜好。I like bananas.   We don't like vegetables.He likes ice cream.   She doesn't like strawberries.  初中英语时态知识点：一般现在时基本用法用法一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如：Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。一般现在时表示格言或警句。如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态。如：I am a teacher. 我是教师。Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well. 彼得汉语写得不错，讲的可不行。以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。在下列情况下表示将来：1. 在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。Suppose he doesnt agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。2. 在the morethe more (越越) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。如：The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。3. 在make sure (certain) , see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。注：只限于少数动词能这样用，如 begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open 等。初中英语时态知识点：一般现在表现在的用法一般现在时表现在1. 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。如：My sister wears glasses. 我妹妹戴眼镜。He often goes to the cinema. 他经常去看电影。【注】询问某人的习惯时，有时还可用ever。如：“Do you ever eat meat?” “No, I never eat meat.”“你吃肉吗?”“从不吃肉。”2. 表示现在(或经常性)的情况或状态。如：Mother is ill. 母亲病了。He is always like that. 他总是那样。He likes living in the country. 他喜欢住在乡下。We need a lot of money. 我们需要一大笔钱。3. 表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。如：He sings well. 他唱歌唱得好。Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法语。4. 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。如：Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。初中英语时态知识点：一般现在表过去的用法1.用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间：John tells me you will leave tomorrow. 约翰告诉我你明天离开。I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。I hear you want a secretary. 我听说你需要一个秘书。He says the matter is rather urgent. 他说这事相当紧急。Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。It really gets me when he says those stupid things. 他说那些傻话真让我生气。2当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时：The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。初中英语时态知识点：一般现在表将来的规律一、“主将从现”原则当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来：Ill write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。【注】 除表示时间和条件的状语从句外，表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来：Ill follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。Whatever you say, I wont pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。Ill have a good time whether I win or lose. 赢也好，输也好，我都将会玩好。The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。 另外，当主句为用将来时态时，定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来：Ill give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都给你。You can have anything I find. 我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每个先来的人都可得到一份礼物。二、简化原则按照英语习惯，一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间，那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间，而往往使用一个比较简单的时态，如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。比较：This discovery means that we will spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。This discovery will mean that we spend less on food. 这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。三、几种值得注意的情况在make sure(弄清楚)，make certain(弄清楚)，take care(注意，当心)，be careful(注意，当心)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表将来意义：Take care that it does not occur again. 注意别再发生这样的事。We must take care that no one sees us. 我们必须注意别让人看见我们。Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater. 注意别让宝宝接近加热器。Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。【注】在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表将来意义：It doesnt matter where we go on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都行。Does it matter who goes first? 谁先去这有关系吗？I dont care whether we win or lose. 我不在乎我们是赢还是输。Dont you care what happens to them? 难道你不关心他们出什么事了？四、可用两种时态的情况在I hope , I bet, see (to it) 等后的宾语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来意义，但有时也可直接用将来时态：I hope that you like will like it. 你希望你会喜欢它。I bet it rains will rain tomorrow. 我打赌明天会下雨。See (to it) that children dont catch cold. 当心别让孩子感冒。Ill see that nobody disturbs will disturb you. 我将确保没人打扰你。【注】see (to it) 后的that从句通常用一般现在时表将来，直接用将来的情形较少见。初中英语时态知识点：一般现在表将来的规律(2)五、用于比较状语从句在as, than 引出的比较状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，也可直接用将来时态：Well get there as soon as you do will. 你一到，我们就到。Well probably drive faster than you do will. 我们开车很可能比你快。六、表示计划或安排表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作：Are you on duty next weekend? 下周末你上班吗？The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。Where do we go now? 我们现在到哪里去?【注】用于此用法时，句中通常有具体的时间状语。七、by the time当主句为将来时态时，与之相关的by the time后接的从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义：By the time he comes, I will have left. 等他到时，我会已离开了。The film will have started by the time we get to the cinema我们到电影院时电影会已经开始了。八、表示现在将要宣布某事I declare the meeting open. 我宣布会议开始。We learn Lesson Ten today. 今天我们学习第10课。九、表示客观性很强的将来Today is Friday, so tomorrow is Saturday. 今天是星期五，所以明天是星期六。My birthday is on a Sunday this year. 我今年的生日在星期天。【注】有时说话者对某一将来事实非常肯定，也用一般现在时：The future is bright. 前途是光明的。Final victory is ours. 最后的胜利是我们的。初中英语知识点：一般现在时代替将来时时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediatelyHe is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。典型例题(1）He said he_me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeedC. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)初中英语时态知识点：表示将来时间的常见方法表示将来时间的常见方法英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示将来时态外，还可以有以下多种方法：(1) 用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里久待。(表打算)Im afraid theyre going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)Look, its going to rain. 瞧，要下雨了。(表预见)【注】be going to 后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态：Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？(2) 用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回。(3) 用“be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开始了。【注】该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误：He is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。(4) 用“be due to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划10月份出版。(5) 用现在进行时(即be现在分词)表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。【注】该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving. 我走了。(6) 用一般现在时表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。【注】在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将来意义中英语时态知识点：一般疑问句的几点注意事项一般用什么问就用什么来回答。但以下例外：Is this a pencil?  Yes , it is./ No, it isn't.Is that your backpack?  Yes , it is./ No, it isn't.Are these your parents?  Yes, they're./ No, they aren't.Are those Jim's brothers?  Yes, they're./ No, they aren't.当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，在主语前加助动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does（第三人称单数she,he,it等）变成问句；初中英语时态知识点：一般现在时的句子转换（1）变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面，（口诀：一调二变三问号）;（2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not莫忘记)例：陈述句：She is my sister.疑问句 Is she your sister?  Yes, I am./ No, I'm not.否定句 She is not my sister.陈述句：I can play soccer.疑问句 Can you play soccer?  Yes,Ican./ No, I can't.否定句 I can not /can't  play soccer. 初中英语时态知识点：一般现在时的构成主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does(否)No,S+do/does not当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：肯定式:  S + be +···否定式:  S+ be +not + ···疑问式:  Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be.(否) No,S + be.初中英语时态知识点：一般现在时动词变化规则只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的"三单形式"，其他人称用动词原形。 动词三单形式的变化规则：1.（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s.play - plays   like - likesask-asks  work-works  get-gets  call-calls（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches  wish-wishes   do-does   go-goes（3）以"辅音字母加 - y"结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries   study-studies  cry-cries   fly-flies2.不规则变化：be- is     have-hasA初中英语一般现在时强化练习题一、选择题练习1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting11. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空填空：1. My father always _(come) back from work very late.2. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.3. Listen! Joan _ _(sing) in the classroom. She often _ (sing) there.4. _ your brother _(know) Japanese?5. Where _ you _ (have) lunch every day?6. The girl _(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She _ (wear) a red skirt today. 三、写出下列动词的现在分词形式1. work_ sing_ play_ study_2. dance_ have_ write_ take_3. run_ sit_ shop_ swim_4. lie_四、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式1. work_ read_ clean_ write_2. teach_ wash_ guess_ watch_3. go_ do_ photo_4. study_ fly_ cry_ play_5. have_五、根据中文意思完成句子1、今天天气怎么样？_ is the weather today? 或_ is the weather _ today?2、这个老人每天早上六点钟起床。 The old man _ _ at six oclock in the morning every day. 3、你从哪里来？ Where _ you from? 或Where _ you _ from? 我从美国来。 I _ from America. 或I _ from America. _ _ the children _? They _ _ and _. 4. 你喜欢跑步吗？不。 _ you _ _? No, _ _. 六. 阅读理解： Mr Going-to-do Every Saturday John talks to Mr Smith. He always says he is going to do something.“Im going to clean my house today,”he says, or“Im going to wash my car tomorrow,”or“These trees in front of my house are too big. Im going to cut them down next week.” Mr Smith usually says,“Are you, John?”He knows his friend is not going to clean his house, or wash his car, or cut down any trees. Then he says,“Well, excuse me, John. Im going to do some work in the house.”And he does. Mr Smith often says to his only child Dick. “Are you going to do something? Then do it! Dont be anotherMr Going-to-do.” 注释：always adv. 总是，一直 usually adv. 通常 another a.& pron. 另一，又一 in front of 在之前 cut down 砍 难句释疑： Dont be another“Mr Going-to-do.” 别当另一个“将要做先生”。 根据短文内容，判断句子正确（T）或错误（F） （ ）1. John is a very hard-working（勤奋的）man. （ ）2. Mr Smith likes talking to John very much. （ ）3. Mr Smith knows his friend very well. （ ）4. John has only one son-Dick. （ ）5. Mr Smith wants his son to be another“Mr Going-to-do”. B初中英语一般现在时检测题一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 _ your sister_ (know)English?2 Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.3 The pot_ (not look) like yours very much.5 Where _ you_ (have)lunch every day? 7 _ she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_ (play) games in the afternoon .