现在完成时语法详细讲解(共8页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题一、现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下：肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film.    He/She /It has seen the film. 否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ havent seen the film.         He/ She/It has not/hasnt seen the film. 疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they havent. Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has.  No, he/ she/ it hasnt. 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。标志词词义用法位置already已经肯定句句中或句末ever曾经疑问句、肯定句句中never从未，从来不陈述句，不和not 连用句中(ever)since自从肯定、疑问、否定句中for后接一段时间肯定、疑问、否定句中just刚刚，正好肯定句句中yet还疑问句、否定句末recently最近肯定、否定、疑问句句末once, twice, a few times几次肯定、疑问句末during/over /in the past/last + 一段时间在过去的一段时间里肯定、疑问、否定句末Its the first time I 这是我第一次肯定句前用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。    副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词？“曾经过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it. so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. 用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：    for表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。    since表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.     since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.     since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? 英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。He has come back.（）He has come back for two hours.（×）    但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如I havent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999. （5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks. 常见的相应转换形式如下: borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there,begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed,diebe dead , leavebe away（from）, go to schoolbe in school / be a student, getupbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost,becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier,receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy, 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为: He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago. He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago. He joined the army three years ago. It is three years since he joined the army. Three years has passed since he joined the army. 四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Where's your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。五、如何通过与一般过去时做比较,进一步掌握现在完成时? 一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同. （1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。如:I learned ten English songs（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容）I have learnt ten English songs.（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲）I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间）I have cleaned the blackboard.（说明现在黑板是干净的）The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在有单词）The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在没有单词）（2）一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等。现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since,for , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all ones life等典型例题】1. Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?     No, I _ it for two years.      A. had                 B. have had           C. bought               D. have bought   2. His grandfather _ for over two years.      A. has died           B. has been dead    C. has dead            D. died   3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _ England for 5 years.     A. has gone to      B. has been to        C. has come to       D. has been in 4. Where is Mr. Zhang? He _ London. A. has been to      B. has been            C. has gone            D. has gone to 5. _ to the United States?  No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Have you been                              B. Have you gone C. Did you go        D. Will you go   6. I havent seen you _ last Friday.     A. for                   B. since                 C. from                  D. on     7. John, you _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum.     A. played            B. have played        C. were playing      D. play   8.I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket.      A. lost       B. dont lose       C. have lost   D. will lost Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the right verb tense: 1. It         （rain）for a week. 2. I dont know this woman. I         （meet, never）her. 3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I          （see, already）the film. 4. We         （finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute? 5. John       （come, not）yet. He will be back in a minute. 6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he        （be）there ten times. 7. Wheres John? He          just      （go）to the teachers office. 8. She        （study）English since she was ten. She      （begin）to study English when she was ten. 9. Jim isnt here. He         （go）to the library. He    （go）there an hour ago. 10. He       （travel, never）on a train in her life. 11. I       （buy）the bike two weeks ago. I         （have）this bike since the beginning of this month. I          （have）it for two weeks. 12. Great changes         （take place）in those villages in the last ten years, Great changes          （take place, also）in my hometown in the last ten years. 13. How many times        you       （phone）me these days?     you          （phone）me this morning? 14. Tom cant get into the room because he         （lost）the key to the door. 15. I        （look）for the dictionary, but I        （find not）it yet. 专心-专注-专业