英语语法专业术语-音标版(共4页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语语法专业术语 音标版语法 grammar 'græm the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences the basic rules of grammr English g句法 syntax 'sintæks the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules of grammar for this词法 morphology m:'fldi the forms of words, studied as a branch of linguistics结构 structure 'strkt层次 rank ræk 句子 sentence 'sent()ns从句 clause klz 词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word实词 notional word 'nunl虚词 structural word 'strkt()r()l 单纯词simple word派生词derivative di'rivtiv, d'rivtiv 派生的；引出的复合词compound 'kmpaund,km'paund词性part of speech名词 noun nan专有名词 proper noun 'prp普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 'kauntbl不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词abstract 'æbstrækt noun 具体名词 concrete noun 'knkri:t 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的物质名词 material noun m'trl集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun nd'vdj()l preposition prep'zin a word or group of words, such as in, from, to, out of and on behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun 'prnan to show place, position, time or methodconjunction kn'dkn a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example and, but, or动词 verb vb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive 'trænstv verb 及物的；过渡的；可迁的 不及物动词 intransitivein'trænsitiv verb 系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb :g'ziljri情态动词 modal verb'md()l规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb 'freizl, 'freizl限定动词 finite verb 'fainait非限定动词 infinite verb 'infinit使役动词 causative verb 'k:ztiv感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation .ekskl'mein形容词 adjective 'ædktv副词 adverb 'ædvb adverb of manner adverb of degree adverb of time adverb of placeadjunct 'æd(k)t连接性副词 conjunct kn'd(k)t疑问副词interrogative adverb .int'rgtiv关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun 'prunaun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun p'zesiv反身代词 reflexive pronoun ri'fleksiv相互代词 reciprocal pronoun ri'siprkl指示代词 demonstrative pronoun di'mnstrtiv疑问代词 interrogative pronoun .int'rgtiv关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun in'definit, in'defnit名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun .ædik'taivl冠词 article定冠词 definite article 'definit, 'defnit不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral 'nju:mrl基数词 cardinal numeral 'k:dinl, 'k:dnl序数词 ordinal numeral ':dinl, ':dnl分数词 fractional numeral 'fræknl形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form 'plurl, 'plurl限定动词 finite verb form 'fainait非限定动词 non-finite verb form nn'finit原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause s'b:dineit, s'b:dn.eit,s'b:dnit并列句 coordinate clause ku':dneit,ku':dnit, ku':dneit名词从句 nominal clause 'nminl, 'nmnl定语从句 attributive clause 'tribjutiv, 'tribjtiv状语从句 adverbial clause d'v:bil宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause 'pzitiv时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession kn'sen原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence di'klærtiv疑问句 interrogative sentence .int'rgtiv一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question :l't:ntiv附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question dis'dktiv修辞疑问句 rhetorical question ri'trikl感叹疑问句 exclamatory question iks'klæm.tri, ik'sklæm.turi存在句 existential sentence .egzis'tenl肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence im'pertiv省略句 elliptical sentence i'liptikl感叹句 exclamatory sentence iks'klæm.tri, ik'sklæm.turi句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate 'predikeit,'predikit宾语 object双宾语 dual object 'dju:l直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object 'kg.neit补语 complement 'kmplimnt, 'kmpl.ment,'kmplmnt主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative 'pridi.ktiv, 'predi.keitiv定语 attribute 'tribju:t,'ætribju:t, 'tribjut,'ætr.bju:t同位语 appositive 'pzitiv状语 adverbial d'v:bil句法关系syntactic relationship sin'tæktik并列 coordinate ku':dneit,ku':dnit, ku':dneit从属 subordination sb.:di'nein, sb.:dn'ein修饰 modification .mdifi'kein, .mdf'kein前置修饰 pre-modification .mdifi'kein, .mdf'kein后置修饰 post-modification .mdifi'kein, .mdf'kein限制 restriction ri'strikn双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case b'dektiv性 gender 'dend阳性 masculine 'mæskjulin, 'mæskjlin阴性 feminine 'feminin, 'femnin通性 common中性 neuter 'nju:t人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood in'diktiv祈使语气 imperative mood im'pertiv虚拟语气 subjunctive mood sb'dktiv否定 negation ni'gein否定范围 scope of negation skup全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation 'p:l转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion in'v:n全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 'predikeit语法一致 grammatical agreement gr'mætikl概念一致 notional agreement 'nunl就近原则 principle of proximity prk'simiti, prk'simti强调 emphasis 'emfsisemphasize 'emfsaiz, 'emf.saiz 重复 repetition .repi'tin语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression f:mju'listik英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring 'klri褒义 commendatory k'mendtri, k'mend.turi贬义 derogatory di'rgtri, di'rg.turi幽默 humorous 'hju:mrs讽刺 sarcastic s:'kæstik挖苦 ironic ai'rnikdirect object 'bdektn. the object that receives the direct action of the verbIn She wrote a letter, the verb wrote is transitive and the word letter is the direct object.专心-专注-专业