2017年中考英语阅读理解专题复习(共9页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2017中考英语阅读理解专题复习要领：（回归原文定位）（一）中考阅读理解的考查方式 1. 五大题型1)、主旨题 要求在理解全文后归纳短文大意，概括中心思想或选择短文的标题。2)、细节题 即平时我们所说的 “W” ( who, what where ,when,why. Which) 和 “H” ( how ) 问题3)、词意题 主要测试考生是否理解了文章的词义，一般情况下，正确答案就是对所询问的词，词组或句子的复述或解释。4)、推断题 主要测试考生利用文章所给的信息进行推理判断的能力。一般是根据文章的有关事实，对作者意图，态度以及作者言外之意，进行符合逻辑的推理判断5)、观点态度题 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。 2.具体形式（1）任务型阅读。（2）根据所读文章内容选择正确答案。（二）中考阅读理解命题特点试题的选材贴近考生的生活，时代气息浓郁。所选文章的体裁多样化。记叙文，说议论文，应用文，对话，图表，广告，小品等。1.题材具有广泛性。涉及日常生活，社会，政治，经济，文化，科技，地理，历史，人物传记，风土人情，实用文体等。2.题量大，分值高。3.试题难度适中，符合大多数考生英语水平。三 中考阅读理解解题策略及方法1.细节理解题。严格按照三步走：首先看题目，划出关键词，区分不同选项；其次根据所划关键词回归原文定位；最后比对原文和选项，选出正确答案。一般难句都是出题点，这是应注意文中的同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等。设题方式1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?解题秘诀 （回扣原文）正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。干扰选项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。2.词义推理题。我们可以利用阅读材料的信息，结合上下文来判断其特定含义，或者根据句子的语法关系分析、挖掘其含义。设题方式（1）the word “.” In the passage probably means_.（2）The word “.”is closed in meaning to_.（3）“.” could best be replaced by which of the following ?（4）In the story the underlined word “” means_（5）Here “it” means _（6）The expression/phrase “” means_（7）The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to_.解题秘诀 （通过词根词缀词缀推测生词的含义。通过上下文推测生词的含义。通过语法关系推测生词的含义。）3. 推理判断题考查短文中对作者意图或文章中人物观点的理解，以及能从短文内容中推断出结论和作者的弦外之音等。对此要求学生把握住两点：一答案来源于原文，但不等同于原文；二是答案必须要忠实于原文，不能主观臆断。常见的设问形式：（1）we can infer from the passage that_（2）We can guess the writer of the letter may be _（3）From the letter were learned that its very_（4）From the story we can guess _（5）What would be happy if_（6）The writer believes that_（7）The writer suggests that_解题秘诀 （依据原文认真比较选项。）以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。如果选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理，则选与原文主题最接近的答案。4.主旨大意题这类题是指那些针对文章的主要内容，主题，标题或写作目的所设的问题。设题方式（1）Whats the passage mainly about ?（2）Whats the main idea of this passage ?（3）Whats the topic of this article ?（4）Whats the best title for this passage ?（5）The purpose of this passage is to _（6）The article has been written to explain_（7）We can learn from_（8）We can infer _ from this passage .解题秘诀 （抓主题句） 高频词，关键词A+关键词B+.；不能太大；不能太小干扰项特点：1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 5. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。5. 观点态度题设题方式The writers attitude toward . is_ . How did the writer feel 作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类此（approving, positive, optimistic,favorable supportive），贬义类词(negative, critical, pessimistic,)和中性类此(impartial, objective, neutral)。不是解的选项indifferent 漠不关心的subjective 主观的unconcerned 不关心的contemptuous轻蔑的,hostile 敌对的,biased 片面的阅读理解解题方法：方法1.顺序法。即先看文章，然后看试题，再回到文章查找有关信息。该法适合于解题时间充足，文章篇幅较长，需要获取的信息较多或需要对全篇进行整体理解的场合。阅读时一般采取快速阅读法注意关键词句和段落，找准主线，掌握大意，并能记住主要细节的分布点。2.逆向法。即先看试题，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对地对文章进行扫读，对相关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合，分析，对比。 有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。该法有较大的针对性和准确性。适合于时间较紧，文章篇幅不长，需要获取信息不多，试题与文章联系紧密，不需要做深层次的理解3.标注法。即在通读短文和试题后，标注中心句并与试题有关的词句，段标注相应的题号。该法具有很大的针对性和稳妥性，便于对照分析和复查验证。有些学生在阅读时喜欢在不认识的单词以及不理解的句子，段落下面划线或打上标记，这是一个不好的习惯，应以摒弃。加快阅读速度技巧：扩大视距。要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。注意：题目中否定词 AEmma has just finished travelling alone in EuropeAre you interested in her journey？Let's read some of her travel diaries41Emma was looking forward to this travel becauseAshe had never taken a train ride beforeBshe could do anything she liked on the journeyCshe hoped to keep herself away from the busy life42From the passage，we can know Salzburg is a great place for.Aenjoying classical musicBbuying children's booksCvisiting history museums43In Amsterdam，sheAclimbed the beautiful mountainsBtraveled along the river in a boatCwrote some postcards in her hotel44She didn't need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen becauseAthere was very little crime thereBthe city was full of friendly peopleCshe thought she was careful enoughBWhen I opened my email the other day，Rachel，a pretty woman，appeared on my computer screenShe greeted me by name and started talking happilySometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kissIt was cool，right？In fact，she was reading to me an email from my brother JohnRachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail lets you send in a funny wayBy using it，your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clownYou can download the software atwwwFacemailcomwithout payingFacemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in you textFor example，type in ，and Rachel blows a kissLifeFX，the company that developed the Facemail，is sure there are wide business usesWhy is ebusiness not so popular now？One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touchBut if you go to the Nike website，and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name，serves you，and personallycloses the sale，won't you be happy？Also，if mom can't be home when kids get back from school，she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eatIt's true that Facemail makes life easy and fun，but it should be used with careThe clown looks lively and funny at firstBut if you choose the clown，put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions，you've got a Psycho mail46In fact，who is Rachel？AShe is a pretty actressBShe is John's girlfriendCShe is not a real person47What is the main advantage of Facemail？AYou don't need to pay for itBEmail can be attractive in a more lovely wayCYou can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you48What does the underlined expression"closes the sale"probably mean？A停止营业B达成交易C取消折扣49Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？AYou should't choose a clownBFacemail can be widely used in businessCMom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail50What is the writer's attitude（态度）towards Facemail？AHe thinks it's a danger to the InternetBHe thinks it needs further improvementCHe thinks it's a cool and funny technologyCLet children learn to judge（判断） their own workA child doesn't learn to talk by being corrected all the timeIf he is corrected too much，he will stop talkingHe notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language others useLittle by little，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people'sIn the same way，children learn to do all the other things without being taughtto walk，run，climb or ride a bicycleThey compare their performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the changesBut in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them himselfWe do it all for himWe thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，to correct it unless he has made toSoon he becomes dependent on the teacherLet him work out with the help of other children if he wants itIf it is a matter in math or science，give him the answer bookLet him correct his own papersWhy should we teachers waste time on such daily work？Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he can't find the way to get the right answerLet the children learn what all educated persons must learn，how to measure（估量） their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not knowLet them get on with this job in their waysSchool teachers can offer help if they ask for itSome parents and teachers are worried that the children might fail to learn something that they will need to get in the worldDon't worry!If it is important，they will go out into the world and learn it51According to the passage，the best way for children to learn things is byAbeing always correctedBfollowing adult's adviceCdoing as other people do52The writer thinks teachers in school shouldAencourage students to learn from each otherBteach students how to get the answers directlyCtell students what is wrong as often as possible53The underlined sentence in the third paragraph meansAteachers can't correct students'papersBteachers needn't waste time teaching students in classCteachers should help students improve their learning ability54We can infer（推断） thatfrom the passageAstudentscan face any challenge easilyBstudentscan learn a lot in the real lifeCstudentscan grow up without others'help55The best title of the passage may beALet Us Teachers Stop WorkingBLet Children Learn by ThemselvesCLet Parents Understand Their Kids.阅读理解（二）（每小题10分，共20分）根据短文内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ARecently，a very simple question became widely spread online：what China should be proud of？（61）Lanlan，whose real name is Negar Kordi，is from CanadaShe came to China five years ago and is a student at Ningbo UniversityNow she has 120，000fans on the Internet and the number is still growingLanlan loves China and Chinese（62）And that's why she is so well received among Chinese net friendsThe following is china in her eyes"It is the easiest country in which to find a jobIf you are not too lazy，it is really very simple to find a job in ChinaI believe there're more job chances here than in any other country in the wold""（63）About 400million Chinese are studying EnglishIf they can speak good English in the future，China will have the greatest number of English speakers of any nonEnglish speaking country""The speed of Chinese trains is fastFrom Ningbo to Beijing，the train runs 1，365kilometers for seven hours and the ticket fare is only 595yuan""Its public security is great（64）I have travelled in many countries，and I think China really is very safe""There are much more things China should be proud ofMany Chinese people often criticize（批评）ChinaAt first，I believed that they didn't like china or that they loved western countriesBut later，I realized that they just set a very high standard for China（65）China must be much better than other countries"AThe foreign language level is surprisingBThis country of 1.4billion people makes me feel safeCA foreign girl living in china gave a very touching answerDThey believe that it's not enough to be number one in the worldEShe believes china will be the strongest country in the world in futureB阅读下面图文，简要回答所给问题，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上According to new research，recently，some terrible events that teachers were abused（辱骂） on some websites by students happened in the UKIt had a bad influence on schools and the societyThe British Teaching Union did a survey of 7500 teachersWe can get some information from the following data（数据） and know how the teachers who were abused dealt with the problem You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuseSome have lost their confidence to teach and have left schoolThe survey showed many of the bad comments related to teachers' looks，abilities and behaviorsWe've got another data from itIt SHOWS the bad comments were made by not only students but their parentsPlease look at the following chartIt is clear that we should take some methods to protect teachers from the abuseWe think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parentsBesides good communication，respecting（尊敬） each other is very importantIf so，they can get on well with each other66What result did these terrible events lead to according to the passage？67From Chart One，how did 50% of the teachers deal with the abuse？68What percent of the bad comments were made by parents in total？69What is the way to solve the abuse problem according to the passage？70After reading the passage，what do you think of this kind of social phenomenon（现象）？.词语运用（每小题10分，共10分）请根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、正确、连贯，并将答案填写到答题卡相应的位置上方框中有两个词是多余项I make teach after large controltry leaf small quiet before withoutAs a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with othersI still remember it was an early autumnSome （71）started to turn yellow and weather became coolOne day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my father's vest（背心）instead of（72）At that time，I was getting to have a （73）size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasn't able to breathe!I realized that it was a small mistake which （74）by my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angryMy mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her （75）thinking much，I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in itI put on my own vest and rushed out of the house （76）my mother could stop meLater，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，"See what your son has done"Instead of scold（责备）or beat me，my father （77）asked my mother to mend the vestLater when my mother told me about my father's response，I felt ashamed（惭愧的）of my bad behaviorMy father's gentle kindness （78）me a lesson which I would never forgetOn that day，I decided not to let anger（79）me any longerOf course，there are times when I am angryHowever，whenever that happens，I （80）to remember my father's vestIt always reminds me to think about others'feelings when I get angry专心-专注-专业