2020届北京市西城区高考英语一模试卷含答案(共10页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 高考英语一模试卷 题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AAmsterdam Destination Guide Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world， famous for its beautiful canals， top art museums， cycling culture and so on It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the "Venice of the North" because of its expansive system of bridges and canals Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam Boom SeasonPopulationLanguage（s）CurrencyJanuary ClimateJuly ClimateMay to October813，562DutchEuroAverage high： 5.8°CAverage high： 22.0°CMust-See Attractions Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre， which is full of traditional architecture， shopping centers， and coffee shops You'll also want to check out Amsterdam's Museum Quarter in the South District， which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem， the Ann Frank House， and the Van Gogh Museum If You Have Time There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam， and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today The Plantage area has most of the city's museums， including the Jewish Historical Museum， the Scheepvaart Museum， and the botanical gardens Money Saving Tips Unless you really want to see the tulips （郁金香） blooming， avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May This is when hotel and flight prices rise Look for accommodations in Amsterdam's South District， where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money Instead of hiring a tour guide， hop on a canal boat They're inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights， hotels， and rental cars before you book1. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage？ _ A. Amsterdam is called the "Venice of the North" because of its locationB. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdam's Museum QuarterC. The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage SiteD. The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers2. In order to save money in Amsterdam， you can _ A. arrange a guided canal tourB. buy train tickets at the counterC. reserve a hotel in the South DistrictD. book flights between mid-March and mid-May3. Where is the passage most probably taken from？ _ A. A magazineB. An essayC. A reportD. A websiteBThree months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005， Rebecca Sell， then 24， a photojournalist for Fredericksburg photographed a New Orleans couple worriedly examining water-spotted photo albums As she took the photo， something within her clicked "I told them I could take the ruined pictures， copy them and give them digitally restored （修复） photos，" she recalls Although a bit sceptical， the couple agreed Rebecca took their photos home， restored them and took them to the couple at their temporary home "It felt so good to be able to do that for them，" says Rebecca When her editor， Dave Ellis， saw the photo of the couple， he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people So in January 2006， with paid time off from the paper， the two set up shop in Pass Christian After posting a notice in the community newsletter， Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days For each， the pair took a new digital picture， then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave's blog about the experience， and soon Operation Photo Rescue， as it came to be known， had emails from hundreds of volunteers， including photographers and restoration experts， eager to help Though digital restoration is a painstaking process， mending irreplaceable family pictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster， 71， who took out piles of ruined photo albums after Katrina， never thinking the mess could be saved But she just couldn't bear to part with a few treasured pictures， including a portrait of her father， who had passed away， and a photo of her husband as a boy Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue "I didn't have a whole lot of hope they could fix them， but they did，" Emily says "Almost every day I think about all the pictures I've lost I'm so happy to have these two" In the five years since Katrina， Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures ruined by floods， hurricanes and tornadoes Volunteers make "copy runs" to disaster areas across the country to gather damaged photos from survivors； operating costs are covered by donations "It's great to be able to give people some of their history back，" says Rebecca "One person told me that thanks to us， her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away Moments like that remind me why I do this"4. When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple， she decided to _ A. take them to their temporary homeB. help with their damaged photosC. set up shop in Pass ChristianD. cover Hurricane Katrina5. From Paragraph 2， we know that Dave and Rebecca _ A. quit their jobs in 2006B. inspired volunteers to join themC. spent four days mending the photosD. made their work known in their newspaper6. How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue？ _ A. ExcitedB. HopelessC. SatisfiedD. Sceptical7. What is the best title for the passage？ _ A. Surviving HurricanesB. An Act of GenerosityC. Saving MemoriesD. A Lucky CoupleCLike many other people who speak more than one language， I often have the sense that I'm a slightly different person in each of my languages-more confident in English， more relaxed in French， more emotional in Czech Is it possible that， along with these differences， my moral compass （指南针） also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I'm using at the time？ Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas （困境）， they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa， volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the "trolley problem"： imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks， unable to move You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks， therefore sparing the five people， but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks Do you pull the switch？ Most people agree that they would But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path？ People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this， even though in both situations， one person is sacrificed to save five But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge， from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one？ According to one explanation， such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking-one of these， a quick， natural "feeling，" and the other， careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number When we use a foreign language， we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive （认知的） system to prepare for difficult activity An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings As a result， moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood There's strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned For example， people who are bilingual （双语的） are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred Our childhood languages， learned in the middle of passionate emotion， become filled with deep feeling By comparison， languages acquired late in life， especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones， enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers8. What does "this question" in Paragraph 2 refer to？A. What contributes to one's language improvements？ _ B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language？C. Does the language one uses influence one's moral judgments？D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language？9. When the "trolley problem" was presented in a foreign language， volunteers were more likely to _ A. care less about the five peopleB. pull the switch to the side tracksC. remain hesitant about what to doD. sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge10. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _ A. considerationB. guidanceC. selectionD. arrangement11. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？ _ A. Bilingual people are less emotional than othersB. Native language learning involves greater emotionsC. Childhood memories limit foreign language learningD. Academic settings promote foreign language learningDWe talk continuously about how to make children more "resilient （有恢复力的）"， but whatever we're doing， it's not working Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers What are we doing wrong？ Nassim Taleb invented the word "antifragile" and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks， challenges， and disorder The immune （免疫的） system is one of them： it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens （过敏原） in childhood in order to develop to its full ability Children's social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems If we overprotect kids and keep them "safe" from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions， we deprive （剥夺） them of the challenges and opportunities for skill-building they need to grow strong Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events， such as teasing and social rejection It's not the kids' fault In the UK， as in the US， parents became much more fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone， more and more， to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less Outdoor play and independent mobility went down； screen time and adult-monitored activities went up Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement， take small risks， and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned： "We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age adequate risky play" They wrote those words in 2011 Over the following few years， their prediction came true Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation Besides， there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves What can we do to change these trends？ How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life？ We can't guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong， we are systematically preventing their growth We should let go-and let them grow12. Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2？ _ A. To stress its importanceB. To analyze the cause of anxietyC. To question the latest discoveryD. To help understand a new word13. Parents overprotect children because _ A. they are concerned about their children's safetyB. they want to keep children from being teasedC. parent-monitored activities are a mustD. children are not independent enough14. According to the author， free play can _ A. promote children's resilienceB. strengthen children's friendshipC. reduce children's risky behaviorD. develop children's leadership skills15. Which of the following does the author probably agree with？ _ A. Stop trying to perfect your childB. It takes great courage to raise childrenC. Prepare the child for the road， not the road for the childD. While we try to teach our children all about life， our children teach us what life is all about二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Today's students are surrounded by information The ability to figure out exactly why authors write-and not accept every opinion as fact-is a key skill (1) The following strategies teach them how to figure out why authors really write Start with why "Why did the author write this piece？" is the key question asked to identify author's purpose To help students expand their understanding of "why，" post various types of nonfiction （an advertisement， opinion article， news article， etc） around your classroom and have students quickly identify a purpose for each (2) Talk about structure Authors use different structures for different purposes For example， one author may use time order to explain an event， while another author uses compare and contrast to put that event into context (3) Often when authors write， they're trying to get readers to feel a certain way Perhaps the author of an article about whale conservation wants readers to feel sad about the difficult situation of whales Or the author of a letter may want