初中英语6大时态(共7页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语6大时态1、一般现在时：用法:1) 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.2) 现在的状态。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.3）客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.常见的标志词：often，usually，sometimes，always，seldom，never，every day/week，how often，once a week，in the morning/afternoon/evening等。构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况s以s, x, ch, sh,o结尾es以辅音y结尾变y为ies1)当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：肯定式: S + be(is/am/are) + ···否定式: S+ be (is/am/are) + not + ···一般疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S + ···?简略回答: (肯) Yes, S + be(is/am/are). (否) No, S + be(is/am/are) + not.特殊疑问句式: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？2)主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S + V/动词的第三人称单数否定式:S + don't/doesn't + V + 其他一般疑问式:Do/Does + S + V + 其他简略回答:(肯)Yes, S + do/does (否)No, S + do/does not 练习题：1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2一般将来时用法： 1）将要发生的动作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2）将要存在的状态。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3）打算要做的事。 例如： Are you going to watch the film on television tonight? 4）表示往来运动的某些短暂性动词，可用现在进行时表示将来时。这类动词有：arrive，come，leave，fly，move等。 例如： They are arriving at this village in five hours. He is coming to see me next week, We are leaving / flying for London.常用时间标志词：Tomorrow，soon，next week，this evening，in five days，from now on，in the future等。 构成： 1). will/shall + v2). be + going to + v练习题： 1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left2.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework next week.A. came B. am going C. come D. will come3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4.From now on, I _ the same mistakes again. Believe me.A. make B. will make C. wont make D. made5.We _ the old people in the old peoples house tomorrow afternoon.A. help B. shall help C. are helping D. helped6.I dont know if he _ . If he _ , let me know.A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. will come; will come D. coming; comes7.It _ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend3一般过去时用法：1 过去发生的动作。例如： The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 过去存在的状态。例如：They weren't able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。构成： S+V-ed 动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾字母+ed一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：练习题：1 Mr. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2-Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know3. -What did you do last night,Gina?-I _ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch4. -Will Mary come to the party tomorrow?-Im not sure. She _ an hour ago without saying anything,A. has left B. left C. leave D. will leave5. After the students _ their exams, they celebrated by having a party.A. passed B. failed C. joined D. gave6. -Is that your father speaking?-Sorry, he isnt in. He _ abroad on business last month.A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone4. 现在进行时用法： 1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is waiting for a bus now. 2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示不断重复或某种强烈的感情。如：She is always smiling. He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5）由while（when）引导的状语从句，动词通常用进行时。While you are sitting on the grass, Ill read you the novel.常见时间标志词：now，at present，these days，look，listen，all the time，at the moment，be quiet等。构成： Be + v-ing v-ing现在分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping,肯定句： S + be + V-ing否定句： S + be + not + V-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are) + S + V-ing？特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?练习题：1They _ ready for the coming test these days. A. are getting B. get C. will get D. got2. Be quiet. All the workers _.A. sleep B. are sleeping C. will sleep D. slept3Listen! Someone _ at the door.A. knocks B. knocking C. is knocking D. knocked5、过去进行时概念： 1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night？常用于过去进行时的时间标志词： at four yesterday afternoon，yesterday，then，all night, at that time/moment 等。构成： was / were +v-ing 2）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时表示在过去一段时间正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。如：I was writing a composition last night. (可能没写完)I wrote a composition last night. (已经写完)练习题：1）Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy 2）They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going3）.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4）.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 5）.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked6）. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel6、现在完成时概念：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如: She has never read this novel.2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如： He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave  be away; borrow  keep; buy  have;begin/start  be on; die  be dead； fall ill  be ill；finish/end/stop be over; get up  be up； put on  wear；come here  be here； go there  be there； become  be；join  be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth  keep sth open/close catch/get a cold  have a cold；come back  be back fall asleep  be asleep；get to/ arrive/reach  be (in)；  wake up  be awake; leave  be away from； get to know  know；go (get) out  be out； catch a cold have a cold; go to school  be in school;  go abroad  be abroad; marry  be married; make friends with  be friends with; lose  be lost /be missing /be gone;  lose one's job /work  be out of work /a job注：现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了） have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了） 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)构成： have / has + v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed 否定句：S+ have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+V-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？练习题：1.-How long _ he _ a fever?- Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have 2.My bowl is empty. Who _ all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank3. I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _? A. Didnt seen; did, go B. didnt see; have, gone C. havent seen; have, been D. havent seen; have gone4. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see9. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 10. How long have you _ here ?About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived专心-专注-专业