中考英语情态动词讲解教案(共16页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语情态动词讲解教案一、课前回顾 对上节课的单词和短语，以及语法点进行回顾。该环节让学生讲，大概20分钟左右。二、新课导入【例1】Everyone_ go through the security check（安检）when entering the World Expo Park. A. can B. may C. must D. ought【答案】 C【解析】 此题考查情态动词用法。can表示“能，会”，may表示“可能”，must表示“必须；应该”，ought表示“应该”，由题意可知答案为C。【例2】 -_you turn down your radio, please? -Yes, I can. A. May B. Need C. Must D. Can【答案】 D【解析】 本题考查情态动词的用法。用can引导的一般疑问句，其否定回答是“Yes, 主语+can.”故答案为D。【例3】 -Have you decided where to spend your summer holiday? -Not yet. We_go to Qingdao.A. must B. should C. need D. may【答案】 D【解析】 本题考查情态动词的用法。must表示“必须”，should表示“应该”，need表示“需要”，may表示“可能”，由题意可知答案为D。【例4】 -_I take some photos in the hall? -No, you_. A. Can; needn't B. Must; mustn't C. Could; won't D. May; mustn't【答案】 D【解析】 本题考查情态动词用法。表示请求时一般用may或could引导的一般疑问句，用may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是No, you mustn't. 用could引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是No, you couldn't. 由题意可知答案为D。【例5】 -Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? -Yes, you_. A. must B. can C. may D. need【答案】 A【解析】 must表示“必须”，can表示“会，能”，may表示“可能”，need表示“需要”，由题意可知答案为A。【例6】 -Can I tell Peter about the news? -No, I don't want anyone else to know it. You_keep it to yourself. A. must B. need C. can D. may【答案】 A【解析】 本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：我能把这个消息告诉彼得吗？不能，我不想让任何人知道，你必须保守秘密。由题意可知答案为A。【例7】 -Whose shirt is this? -It_be Li Lei's. It is too big for him. A. could B. must C. can't D. might【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：这是谁的衬衫？它不可能是李磊的，它对于他来说太大了。对某事肯定的猜测用can't，故答案为C。【例8】 I'm feeling much better now so you_ call the doctor. A. couldn't B. wouldn't C. can't D. needn't【答案】 D【解析】 句意为：我现在感觉好多了，所以你不必叫医生了。needn't表示“不必要”，而其他三个选项无此含义，故答案为D。三、 新课讲解一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句，not放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt等。二、主要用法。1. 用can, could和be able to表示能力。(1) can意为“能够”，否定形式为cannot或cant。 如：He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could是can的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如yesterday, last week等），我们不用can或cant，而用could和couldnt。 如：When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could）,而be able to则有更多的时态形式。 如：My little brother has been able to write.2. 用must与mustnt, have to与dont have to, neednt表示义务。(1) must用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。 如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt是must的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许”，具有强制性。 如：You mustnt play football in the street.(3) must没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to代替must。 此外，have to侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。 如：We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) dont have to与neednt是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。 如：It has just rained, so he doesnt have to water the garden. You neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。 如：Must we go now? 我们一定要走吗？ - Yes, we must. 是的，我们一定要走。 - No, we mustnt. 不，我们不可以走。 Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？ - Yes, you must. 是的，你一定要完成。 - No, you neednt. 不，你不一定要完成。 从以上例子中可以看出，用must提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是mustnt。根据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用mustnt或neednt来回答。3. 用can, could与may表示“许可”。(1) 在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词can, could和may。can最为常用；could较为婉转，更有礼貌；may则比较正式。 如：Can I open the window? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant.Could I borrow a pencil, please? -Yes, certainly. / No, Im afraid not.May I leave early today? - Yes, you may. / No, you may not.(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用can或may，而不用could。 如：Could I borrow a pencil? - Of course you can. May I sit here? - No, you may not.4. 用can, could与would表示“请求”。 当我们需要别人的帮助时，常使用can, could和would这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答时，could和would则很少使用。 如：Can you open the window? - Yes, I can.Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly.Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, Im afraid not. 常见的肯定回答：Of course I can. / OK. / All right. 常见的否定回答：Im afraid I cant / Of course not.5. 用must和cant表示“猜测”。(1) must表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。 如：Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) cant表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为“不可能”。 如：Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry.6. 用should和ought to表示“义务”和“建议”。(1) should和ought to表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。 如：You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bin.(2) ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtnt to。构成疑问句，把ought提前至主语前。 如：You ought not to watch TV for too long.Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should和ought to用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。 如：Ought I to finish my homework now? - Yes, you ought to.(4) should和must的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议，不具备强制性；而后者意为“必须”，用于规定或约束他人的行为，具有强制性。 如：You shouldnt be cruel to animals. You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should和ought to常与动词think连用。 如：I think Carol should buy some new clothes. Its late. I think I ought to go home now.练习：一单项选择：1.You _ to tell him the news. It will make him sad. A. neednt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. dont need2. Must I do all the housework, Mum? -No, you _. Just clean your bedroom. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant3. Jack, you _ ask a woman her age in England. Its impolite. A. neednt B. dont have to C. ought to D. shouldnt4. We _ hurry all the way to the airport, the flight was cancelled because of the foggy weather. A. mustnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt5. To our surprise, we enjoy a half month holiday hi January in 2012. A. should B. can C. must D. need6. Can you speak louder, please? I hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't7.All the parcels will be delivered to your home in two days. You_worry too much about it. A.mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't8. It doesnt look like rain, so you _bring your umbrella with you. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not9. Childrenbe very careful when they go across the busy street. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. must D. may10. I looked everywhere for the book, but I _find it. A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. couldn't11.Believe it or not, it's said that people born in the year of the rat _become excellentwriters. A. should B. can C. must D. need12. Must I finish my homework before I go to play basketball ?Yes, you. A. needn't B. can't C.must D.may13. You tell him the good news because he has already known it. A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant14. Shall I tell Mike about it? No, you. He's already known it. A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may15. Can I take these magazines home? Yes, you _ , but please return them in two days. A. must B. may C. should D. need16. Must I wash these plates?No, you. The machine can do it. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't17. Christy has had three jobs since college, and she stilldecide what she wants to do. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't18. My parents often tell me we _ care for small creatures. A. can B. should C. mustnt D. neednt答案：15 DCDCB 610 DBCCCD 1115 BCAAB 1618 DBB 四、 课堂练习. Choose the best answer.( ) 1. Lesson Three is _ more difficult than Lesson One. A. a lot of B. much C. many D. a few( ) 2. Nowadays houses are mostly _ by electricity. A. light B. lighter C. lit D. lighted( ) 3. Hes _ than before since he went on a diet. A. thick B. thin C. thiner D. thinner( ) 4. These days I hire two _ in my house. A. man servants B. men servant C. man servant D. men servants( ) 5. Jim called the thief and hit him _ the face. A. on B. in C. by D. at( ) 6. Father likes to go into his study by himself to think things_. A. of B. seriously C. with care D. over( ) 7. Grass grew _ the river-bank. A. across B. along C. thorough D. round( ) 8. He doesnt care _ the cold weather. A. of B. for C. to D. about( ) 9. I dont remember _ Mr. Lee bought for his wife.A. that B. what C. which D. when( ) 10. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. what will look like man D. what look will man like( ) 11. Anyone can answer that question, _? A. can he B. cant they C. cant he D. doesnt he( ) 12. A: Can I leave this door open at night? B: You _ better not.A. should B. would C. could D. had.Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in their proper forms:(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1. He was told _at night. (not shout)2. He said that he _to America the next week. (go)3. Come here at once if your handwriting _already. (finish)4. Listen! Can you hear a child _? (cry)5. The energy of falling water can be used _ electricity.(produce)6. It is the best novel I _ ever _ before. (read). Choose one of the words in the bracket to suit the sentence:(选择适当的词填空)1. We need a _ to get past the guard.(joke, trick)2. Theyre going to Japan next week. Oh, _? (real, really)3. Electricity is a good _, but a dangerous one. (serve, servant)4. He had no _for why he was late. (explanation, explain)5. Is there a _ between smoking and lung cancer? (connect, connection). Choose the phrases in the box and fill in the blanks in their proper forms: (用所给词组的适当形式填空)1. Can you tell me what it _?( look like)2. Water can _ ice if it is cool enough.(change into)3. The house _ under ten feet of snow. (be buried)4. We arrange fiction books _ by the authors names.( in alphabetical order)5. Im a boy. My energy _ food.( come from)参考答案. 1-5 B C D D B 6-10 D B B A A 11-12 B D . 1. not to shout 2. would go 3. has been finished 4. crying 5. to produce 6. have read. 1. trick 2. really 3. servant 4. explanation 5. connection. 1. looks like 2. be changed into 3. was buried 4. in alphabetical order 5. comes from专心-专注-专业