中考现代文阅读环境描写的作用(共21页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考现代文阅读环境描写环境是人物活动的具体场所,环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境可分为社会环境和自然环境两个方面。一、自然环境的描写含义和作用:自然环境描写就是对日月星辰,山川河流、花草树木、鸟兽虫鱼、时序节令、风雨雪霜等自然景物的描写。自然景物也是现实生活的一部分,文章或作品是对现实生活的反映,自然也少不了对景物的描写。景物描写的作用是多方面的:(一、交代事情发生的地点,为人物活动和事件发展提供必要的场所,增加事情的真实性。例1:孔已己中开头对鲁镇酒店的格局的描写。例2:“车窗外是茫茫的大戈壁,没有山,没有水,也没有人烟”白杨首段便交代了地点:使人初步感受到大戈壁的荒凉与贫瘠,为下文爸爸的沉思做了铺垫。(二、渲染气氛,奠定文章的感情基调。例1:故乡中对故乡景象的描写。例2:“天灰蒙蒙的,又阴又冷,长安街两旁的人行道上挤满了男女老少。”十里长街送总理一文中的环境描写,渲染了悲哀的气氛,衬托出人们悼念周总理的极其沉痛的心情。(三烘托人物的心情。例如:我的叔叔于勒中的两处景物描写,烘托了我们一家人去哲尔赛岛时的欢快心情和遇上贫穷的于勒叔叔的沮丧心情。(四反映人物的性格或品质。例如:一夜的工作一文写周总理工作的环境:“这是高大的宫殿式的房子,室内陈设极其简单”可以看出,总理生活多么简朴。(五、推动情节的发展。例如:智取生辰纲中,作者用诗词反复描写和渲染天气炎,这炎热难耐的天气成为一系列情节发展的推动力天不热,杨志等人就不会买酒喝,不喝酒麻倒,吴用等人如何得手。二、社会环境的描写含义和作用:社会环境的描写,是指对一定历史时期的社会生活、社会风尚、风土人情的描写;在具体的文章中则指对人物的活动有影响的阶级关系、人际关系、居室陈设等环境因素的描写。社会环境比自然环境有更为重要的作用,它不仅可以交代背景、渲染气氛、提供人物活动的典型环境,而且对人物的活动内容和活动方式有重要的影响,使人物的性格和作品的主题富有时代感。答题指南:对环境描写的分析首先概括景物的特点,然后结合上下文语境、文章主旨、作者感情态度、人物性格及心情、作品情节、文章感情基调、文章结构等方面具体去分析。就某一具体的自然环境描写来讲,它的作用又不是单一的。有时候,某一具体的自然环境描写往往具有几方面的作用。要点力求全面。中考现代文阅读环境描写环境是人物活动的具体场所,环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境可分为社会环境和自然环境两个方面。一、自然环境的描写含义和作用:自然环境描写就是对日月星辰,山川河流、花草树木、鸟兽虫鱼、时序节令、风雨雪霜等自然景物的描写。自然景物也是现实生活的一部分,文章或作品是对现实生活的反映,自然也少不了对景物的描写。景物描写的作用是多方面的:(一、交代事情发生的地点,为人物活动和事件发展提供必要的场所,增加事情的真实性。例1:孔已己中开头对鲁镇酒店的格局的描写。例2:“车窗外是茫茫的大戈壁,没有山,没有水,也没有人烟”白杨首段便交代了地点:使人初步感受到大戈壁的荒凉与贫瘠,为下文爸爸的沉思做了铺垫。(二、渲染气氛,奠定文章的感情基调。例1:故乡中对故乡景象的描写。例2:“天灰蒙蒙的,又阴又冷,长安街两旁的人行道上挤满了男女老少。”十里长街送总理一文中的环境描写,渲染了悲哀的气氛,衬托出人们悼念周总理的极其沉痛的心情。(三烘托人物的心情。例如:我的叔叔于勒中的两处景物描写,烘托了我们一家人去哲尔赛岛时的欢快心情和遇上贫穷的于勒叔叔的沮丧心情。(四反映人物的性格或品质。例如:一夜的工作一文写周总理工作的环境:“这是高大的宫殿式的房子,室内陈设极其简单”可以看出,总理生活多么简朴。(五、推动情节的发展。例如:智取生辰纲中,作者用诗词反复描写和渲染天气炎,这炎热难耐的天气成为一系列情节发展的推动力天不热,杨志等人就不会买酒喝,不喝酒麻倒,吴用等人如何得手。二、社会环境的描写含义和作用:社会环境的描写,是指对一定历史时期的社会生活、社会风尚、风土人情的描写;在具体的文章中则指对人物的活动有影响的阶级关系、人际关系、居室陈设等环境因素的描写。社会环境比自然环境有更为重要的作用,它不仅可以交代背景、渲染气氛、提供人物活动的典型环境,而且对人物的活动内容和活动方式有重要的影响,使人物的性格和作品的主题富有时代感。答题指南:对环境描写的分析首先概括景物的特点,然后结合上下文语境、文章主旨、作者感情态度、人物性格及心情、作品情节、文章感情基调、文章结构等方面具体去分析。就某一具体的自然环境描写来讲,它的作用又不是单一的。有时候,某一具体的自然环境描写往往具有几方面的作用。要点力求全面。中考现代文阅读环境描写环境是人物活动的具体场所,环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境可分为社会环境和自然环境两个方面。一、自然环境的描写含义和作用:自然环境描写就是对日月星辰,山川河流、花草树木、鸟兽虫鱼、时序节令、风雨雪霜等自然景物的描写。自然景物也是现实生活的一部分,文章或作品是对现实生活的反映,自然也少不了对景物的描写。景物描写的作用是多方面的:(一、交代事情发生的地点,为人物活动和事件发展提供必要的场所,增加事情的真实性。例1:孔已己中开头对鲁镇酒店的格局的描写。例2:“车窗外是茫茫的大戈壁,没有山,没有水,也没有人烟”白杨首段便交代了地点:使人初步感受到大戈壁的荒凉与贫瘠,为下文爸爸的沉思做了铺垫。(二、渲染气氛,奠定文章的感情基调。例1:故乡中对故乡景象的描写。例2:“天灰蒙蒙的,又阴又冷,长安街两旁的人行道上挤满了男女老少。”十里长街送总理一文中的环境描写,渲染了悲哀的气氛,衬托出人们悼念周总理的极其沉痛的心情。(三烘托人物的心情。例如:我的叔叔于勒中的两处景物描写,烘托了我们一家人去哲尔赛岛时的欢快心情和遇上贫穷的于勒叔叔的沮丧心情。九年级Unit1-Unit3英语测试题(时间:90分钟;分值:120分一、单项选择。(25分( 1. -How do you study for a test?-_.A. For listening to tapesB. At schoolC. By reading the textD. To make flashcards( 2. Did you find _ very interesting to play Yo-Yo?A. thisB. themC. thatD. it( 3. The box is _ heavy for me _.A. too, to carryB. so, to carryC. too, to carry itD. so, that carry it( 4. We think _ more vegetables _ good for our health.A. eating, areB. eating, isC. to eat, areD. eaten, is( 5. Grandpa Li is old and he has trouble _ what others say to him.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. hears( 6. I feel it hard to keep up with my classmates. But whenever I want to _, my teacher always encourages me to work harder.A. give inB. give backC. give outD. give up( 7. If I _ you, I _ take an umbrella with me.A. was, shouldB. was, wouldC. were, wouldD. am, will( 8. -What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?-I would rather _ at home than _ football. Its too hot outside.A. stay, playB. stay, playingC. to stay, playD. to stay, to play( 9. When Andy nearly reached the end of the 10,000-meter race, he felt _ because all the other runners were far behind him.A. unhappyB. nervousC. confidentD. unlucky( 10. Nick _ a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didnt take it.A. is offeredB. offeredC. was offeredD. has offered( 11. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our city clean.A. throwB. be thrownC. is thrownD. are thrown( 12. We cant do well in examination _ we study hard in school time.A. unlessB. ifC. whenD. because( 13. Helen has got used to _ in school.A. liveB. livedC. livingD. lives( 14. The old man lives _, but he never feels _.A. alone, lonelyB. lonely, aloneC. alone, aloneD. lonely, lonely( 15. Mr. Wang is strict _ his work, he is also strict _ us .A. in, withB. with, inC. in, inD. with, at( 16. I dont think they are serious enough, _?A. do IB. dont theyC. are theyD. arent they( 17. What if she _ tomorrow?A. will not comeB. doesnt comeC. wouldnt comeD. isnt come( 18. This new car costs _ yuan.A. two millionsB. two millions ofC. million ofD. millions of( 19. It rained _. People could _ go out.A. hardly, hardlyB. hard, hardC. hard, hardlyD. hardly, hard( 20. He _ for two years. We are still sad about his _.A. died, deadB. died, deathC. has been dead, deadD. has been dead, death( 21. Can you solve the problem?Sorry, I cant. Why ask the teacher help?A.dont, forB.not, aboutC.dont, aboutD.not, for( 22. I met an old friend of mine in the street _.A. by accidentB. by mistakeC. make mistakesD. deal with( 23. There _ great changes in our hometown in the last few years .A. have hadB. have beenC. wereD. has been( 24. In the end, he _ a good idea to solve this problem.A. come outB. catch up withC. come onD. come up with( 25. - who is the little baby in the photo?- Its me. This p hoto _ten years ago.A. tookB. is takenC. was tookD. was taken二.完形填空。(20分A man was walking along the street when he saw a woman struggle(奋力with a large box. It was half in and half 1_ of her car. He was a helpful kind of man, so he went up to the woman and said, “Let me give you a hand with that box. It looks very 2_.”“Thats very kind of you,”the woman said. “Im having a lot of 3_ with it. I think its struck (卡住.”“Together well soon move it,”the man said. He 4_ into the back seat of the car and took hold of the other end of the box. He said, “Im ready.”And he began to 5_ hard.For several minutes the man and the woman struggled with the box. Soon they were 6_ in the fact. “Lets rest for a minute,”the man said. “Im sorry, but it 7_ stuck.”A few minutes later, the man said, “Lets try again. Are you ready?”8_ of them took hold of the box again. “One, two, three!”the man said, and they went on with their struggle.At last, when they were very tired, the man said, “You are 9_. It really is stuck. I dont think theres 10_ we can get it out of the car.”“Get it out of the car!”The woman cried. “Im trying to get it in!”(1. A. in B. out C. on D. off(2. A. heavy B. strong C. dear D. new(3. A. trouble B. questions C. matter D. accidents(4. A. got B. stepped C. came D. walked(5. A. pull B. carry C. push D. lift(6. A. white B. tired C. red D. hurt(7. goes B. falls C. grows D. seems(8. A. Every B. All C. Either D. Both(9. A. ready B. right C. clever D. sure(10. A. anything B. anywhere C. any one D. any way三、阅读理解(40分。(AShen Hao was born in 1964. He was the former first secretary of Party branch(原党支部第一书记of Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province. He died on November 6, 2009. From 2004 to 2009, hehad done many good things for villagers. For the development of Xiaogang Village he had made great contributions. So he was respected by all the villagers.During the six years, he repaired the village roads, built a building for a number of villagers. He rented a house in the village and thought about how to get the villagers to get rich all day. Even in the New Year, he still got together with his villagers. At last, under his leadership, Xiaogang Village was out of poverty. Now the villagers are leading a rich life.He is a very filial(孝顺的son, but he had almost no time to get together with his over 90 year-old mother. But she never complained. His wife works in the bank and she is very busy. They both have little time to look after their daughter.Although he did not do what he should do to his mother, wife and daughter, all the villagers will remember their good secretary forever.1. What did Shen Hao do?A. A village.B. A volunteer.C. The first secretary of Party branchD. A worker2. Why was Shen Hao respected by all the villagers?A. Because he repaired roads.B. Because he built a building for some people.C. Because he is a filial man.D. Because he has made great contributions for the development of Xiaogang Village3. What did Shen Hao think about all day?A. He thought about how to mend the road.B. He thought about how to build houses.C. He thought about how to make the village rich.D. He thought about how to get together with his family.4. The underlined word “poverty” means_ in Chinese.A. 贫乏B. 贫穷C. 虚弱D. 贫瘠5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Shen Hao was only 45 years old when he died.B. Shen Hao spent much time in taking care of his daughter.C. Shen Hao helped the villagers a lot.D. Now in Xiaogang Village, people are leading a rich life.(BJune and I were both poor when we were young. At that time, June always said, “ If I got rich, I would buy a bigger apartment and a new wardrobe(衣柜.” Of course, she said this just for fun and she never imagined that she would really become rich.A few years ago, June was surprised and excited when she came into a fortune(财产from her uncle, who had been single. After receiving it, she made a shopping list. On it she wrote down all the ways she could use to spend the money. Every time I told her not to spend all of the money and to save some, she would always say impatiently(不耐烦的, “ I know, I know!”One day, when I was in Junes home, she passed a piece of paper to me. “I thought over your suggestion for several nights. Ive decided how to use the money. I hope my money will be helpful to those who need help,” she said.I was pleased to hear what she said. Then I took the paper and only saw the two words written by her: Charity and Family. I smiled and played a joke on her, “Dont you want to move to a new apartment? That is what you have been dreaming of.”“Actually, I have been looking forward to it, but now it doesnt seem so important to me anymore,” she answered with a smile.When I was about to put the paper on the table, I found there were still a few words. June had written: and a new wardrobe.6. June could get her uncles fortune because _.A. her uncle had no childrenB. she treated her uncle very wellC. her uncle didnt get along well with his childrenD. she was very poor and her uncle wanted to help her7. How did the writer probably feel after seeing Junes shopping list at first?A. RelaxedB. WorriedC. HappyD. Impatient8. How did June plan to spend her money at last?Buying a big apartmentLeaving some of it to her family.Donating all her money to charityGetting a new wardrobeHelping those who need helpA. B. C. D. 9. From the passage we can know thatA. the writer told June to give the money to the poorB. the writer helped June buy a new apartmentC. Junes parents didnt have any brothers at allD. June was poor when she was young10. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. Junes LifeB. Junes Friend C .Junes Decision D. Junes New Apartment(CWhy do so many Chinese people enjoy playing Happy Farm?Happy Farm is an online game, which is very popular among white-collar workers in China. In fact this game offers you a piece of empty land and some seeds at first. You do like a real farmer. If your land is small, you can spend some money to make it big. Well, you must harvest your things on the farm on time because some other farmers will steal your fruits, vegetables, milk, eggs and so on. Of course, you can also steal theirs.Many Chinese websites, such as kaixin100, xiaonei and QQ, have offered this game to their users. If you use Facebook, you will notice that Facebook also has Happy Farm. So far, it is said that about 16 million Chinese people are playing this game.Well, Happy Farm does bring happiness to people but it also does bring much pain. According to a newspaper, a baby died in a hospital just because the doctor didnt give timely treatment. You know what the doctor was doing? He was playing Happy Farm. And a young lady was driven out of the house by her husband. She usually got up in the middle night to harvest her crops and her husband couldnt sleep well. Later , she said to her husband that she wouldnt play Happy Farm again and her husband forgave(原谅 her and let her get back home.It seems that Happy Farm is really a fascinating game. Otherwise, it wouldnt have so many fans.11. In China the online game Happy Farm Is mainly loved by _.A. childrenB. farmersC. workersD. white-collar workers12. When you begin the game, you can get _.A. some fruits and vegetablesB. a piece of empty land and some seeds环境是人物活动的具体场所， 环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境可 分为社会环境和自然环境两个方面。 一、 自然环境的描写含义和作用： 自然环境描写就是对日月星辰，山川河流、花草树木、鸟兽虫鱼、时序节令、风雨雪霜等自然景物的描 写。自然景物也是现实生活的一部分，文章或作品是对现实生活的反映，自然也少不了对景物的描写。 景物描写的作用是多方面的： （一）、交代事情发生的地点，为人物活动和事件发展提供必要的场所，增加事情的真实性。 例 1：孔已己中开头对鲁镇酒店的格局的描写。 例 2：“车窗外是茫茫的大戈壁，没有山，没有水，也没有人烟”白杨首段便交代了地点：使 人初步感受到大戈壁的荒凉与贫瘠，为下文爸爸的沉思做了铺垫。 （二）、渲染气氛，奠定文章的感情基调。 例 1：故乡中对故乡景象的描写。 例 2：“天灰蒙蒙的，又阴又冷，长安街两旁的人行道上挤满了男女老少。”十里长街送总理一文 中的环境描写，渲染了悲哀的气氛，衬托出人们悼念周总理的极其沉痛的心情。 （三）烘托人物的心情。 例如： 我的叔叔于勒中的两处景物描写，烘托了我们一家人去哲尔赛岛时的欢快心情和遇上贫穷的 于勒叔叔的沮丧心情。 （四）反映人物的性格或品质。 例如： 一夜的工作一文写周总理工作的环境： “这是高大的宫殿式的房子，室内陈设极其简单” 可以看出，总理生活多么简朴。 （五）、推动情节的发展。 例如：智取生辰纲中，作者用诗词反复描写和渲染天气炎，这炎热难耐的天气成为一系列情节发展 的推动力天不热，杨志等人就不会买酒喝，不喝酒麻倒，吴用等人如何得手 。 二、 社会环境的描写含义和作用： 社会环境的描写，是指对一定历史时期的社会生活、社会风尚、风土人情的描写；在具体的文章中则指 对人物的活动有影响的阶级关系、人际关系、居室陈设等环境因素的描写。 社会环境比自然环境有更为重要的作用，它不仅可以交代背景、渲染气氛、提供人物活动的典型环境， 而且对人物的活动内容和活动方式有重要的影响，使人物的性格和作品的主题富有时代感。 答题指南： 对环境描写的分析首先概括景物的特点，然后结合上下文语境、文章主旨、作者感情态度、人物性格及心 情、作品情节、文章感情基调、文章结构等方面具体去分析。就某一具体的自然环境描写来讲，它的作用 又不是单一的。有时候，某一具体的自然环境描写往往具有几方面的作用。要点力求全面。 专心-专注-专业