人教版八年级下册英语重点词汇-短语-句型-语法总结(共12页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 Unit 1 will people have robots?一、 重点词汇:probably;able;interview;company;shape;impossible.二、重点短语:1. be scared of sb./sth. 恐惧某人/某物2. go up 上升 , 与rise 同义,与go down 或set 相反3. make a noise 发出声响,吵闹4. arrive in 到达,表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时,用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时,用介词at ;到达的地方用副词表示时,可不用介词。5. notuntil直到才6. seedoing停止做某事7. go cycling 相当于 go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。8. nit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”,表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。9. turn around 转身10. fall off 摔下来11. give sb. a push 推某人一下12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事13. get off 从下来,通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。14. think about 思考、想起、想到(某人或某事)15. all day 一整天16. one by one 一个接一个地,类似有year by year 一年又一年;day by day 一天又一天。17. hold on 有两个意思,一个是“(电话)不挂断”;一个是“抓紧”。18. come down 下来三、重难点解析:1.比较级: less 最高级least2.agree:1) 表示“同意某人意见”时用agree with sb,该短语不能用于被动语态。2) 表示“同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)”时,用agree to(to在此用作介词,其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分),该短语可以用于被动语态。3) 表示“就取得一致意见”用agree on(或upon),指“两者或两者以上的商定,达成协议”。4) agree后还可以接不定式,不接动名词,表示“同意做某事”。3. What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子?此句中的do you think是插入语,其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。4. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物,因为我妈不喜欢他们 because在这句中用作连词,引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。5.wear 和 put on 6.What do you think of.?=How do you think of.?7.What's the weather like? =How is the weather?8.There were many famous predictions that never came true(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测本句中that never came true是个定语从句,用于修饰先行词predictions,that为引导词,作定语从句的主语,不可省略。四、 语法过关:一般将来时:将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表将来的时间连用,本时态标志词:1. 含tomorrow; next week/month/year;in the future;in 2020; 2.in+ 一段时间 ; 3.how soon;3.祈使句句型中:or/and sb. will do4.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时。 Unit 2 What should I do ?一、重点词汇argue loud;original;should;could;upset;adult二、重点短语:1. grow into 长成2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物3. billions of 数十亿的,hundred, thousand, million , billion等词前面有具体数字时,其本身用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,这些词用复数形式,而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。4. look after = take care of 照顾,照料。5. be full of 满,充满=be filled with 6. be made of/from由制成,be made of 表示在制成的过程中,原材料没有发生质的变化;be made from 表示在制成的过程中,原材料发生质的变化。be made by 被(某人)制造;be made in 在(某地)制造7. carry away 把搬(移)走8. on the tree 在树上,指的是树上本身的东西,即长在树上;in the tree 也表示在树上,但它所指的是外来的东西,不是树本身的东西。9. make into 把制成10. half of 中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数,如果half of 后边所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念。11. look like 看起来像12. use to do sth.用来做,其中to do sth. 表示目的和用途。13. put outside /on /into把放在的外边/上面/里面14. turn into 变成;turninto 把变成三、难点解析:1.主要句型What should I do? You could write him a letter What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him What should they do? They shouldn't argue 2. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 3. find it hard to do sth. 发现做(事)很难 4. Try to do努力做,试着做,尽量做5. You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。Leave sth. +介词短语,是“把忘在,落在(某处)的意思。6. see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事7. Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。 enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,名词前面。表示“足够的”。四 语法过关情态动词:can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived ?一、 重点单词:experience;accident;scared;strange;amazing;follow二、 重点短语:1. play with与一起玩;拿来玩2. slow down 慢下来3. come from = be from 来自4. all kinds of 各种各样的 ; different kinds of 不同种类的; a kind of 一种5. protect sb. /sth. against/ from sth. 保护、保卫某人/某事物不受的侵害。6. go extinct 灭绝7. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(在主动语态中from可以省略,在被动语态中from不可以省略)8. make friends with 与交朋友9. take photos of 给某人照相10. wake up 醒来11. have a good day 玩的愉快12. play a joke on 开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人;have a joke with sb. 与某人一起以某事取笑;make a joke about/of sb./sth. 拿某人(某事)开玩笑13. stand still 一动不动地站着14. get out of 除外走动;get out of sth./doing sth.逃避(责任或义务),不做份内的事,(使某人)放弃、停止或戒除(习惯等)15. be famous / well-known for 以著名,以闻名; be famous as 著名的16. get married 结婚三、难点解析1、1 )through ,across穿过 through 指“从里面(中心)穿过”,其含义与in有关,尤指森林、人群等。 across 指“从表面通过”,其含义与on有关2) nearly , almost 几乎,差不多 almost 表达的程度比nearly更接近一些。 nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰。3)above , over 在上方 above 是介词,表“在上方”,“比还高”,与below相反。 over 也有“在上方”的意思,但是它着重指正上方,或盖在上面的意思,而above 并不强调在正上方。4)、in front of 与in(at) the front of in the front of 在的前面 (表示“有距离的前面”,在一个参照物的前面) 5)、get out of 与get into 是反义词 6)、be amazing与be amazed 7)be surprising与 be surprised 2、Asas 与一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级)3目标句型:1)What were you doing when.? I was doing sth. when. 2) How about. / What about.? 3)What happened next?4) While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did.5、while 和 when 的区别四、语法过关过去进行时:主语+ was/were +V-ing否定句 主语+ was/were+not +V-ing一般疑问句 was/were+主语+V-ing过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作,常和表过去的时间状语连用,标志性词语:at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday(last night/sunday.),at +点钟+Yesterday(last night/ Sunday.), when , while 引导的时间状语从句。 Unit 4 He said I was hardworking 一 重点词汇:ever;mad;anymore;message;report;nervous二 重点短语:1. look into 研究,调查2. do an experiment 做一个试验3. fill/cover with用把装满/盖住;fill in 填上4. upside down 向下翻转过来5. right side up 正面朝上6. turn over 使翻转7. in front of 在前面(在范围外);in the front of 在前面(在范围内)8. on top of 在顶端9. take sth. off sth. 使某物离开或脱离(一表面或边缘);take off (指飞机等)起飞,匆忙离去;take sth. off (从身上)除掉、脱下(衣物等)10. be ready for 准备11. take away 取走12. be surprised 使惊奇13. a spoonful of 一匙14. dissolve in 溶化,溶解15. half full of 一半16. use up 用光,用完17. enough to do sth. 足够做某事三难点解析1. find , look for , hunt 找 find 强调找的结果,意为“找到” look for 强调动作过程,“寻找” hunt, hunt for sb. sth. 意思寻找,寻找某人某物,与look for 同义。2.In English, Im better at reading than listening. 在英语方面,我的阅读比听力更好。 be better at doing (than doing)是be good at 的比较级,意思为“更擅长”3. inish sth/doing sth. 4.there is no difference between .and.在.和.之间没有区别5.much +比较级,意思是“得多”6.I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework. 我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。 注意1:此句中的三个动词都是过去时,即时态的一致性 2:中英文语序(否定词的位置)的不同 7. It is + adj. / n. + for sb. to do sth.,做某事对某人来说,在这个句型中真正的主语是动词不定式,也就是to do sth.是真正的主语,而it只是形式主语,如果不强调对某人的影响,可以省略for sb.8. forget to do 与forget doing to do 表示将来的动作;doing 表示忘记做过某人9.may+ 动词原形,表示“可能” 四、 语法过关:直接引语和间接引语 Unit 5 If you go to the party,you will have a great time一、 重点单词:organize;dream;injured;chance;charity;agent二、 重点词组1. go to.on foot=walk to.:步行去.2. Of course.=Sure.=Certainly:当然!3. take a ship:坐轮船4. a new type of :一种新型的.5. high-speed trains:高速列车6. in large numbers:大量的7. had better+动词原形:最好. 否定:had better not+动原8. in a hurry:匆忙9. make presentation:发言;演讲10. glue sth onto.:把某物粘到.上11. at the front of:在.前面(强调平面空间) in the front of强调立体空间。12. get+形容词=be+形容词:变得.13. in the future:在将来14. send sb from one place to another place:把某人从一个地方送到另一个地方15. learn about:学习关于. think about:思考;考虑16. present sth to:向.展示某物三、 难点分析:1. seem like+ 名词 好像,似乎2. be able to +动词原形,“有能力做某事”1.get to 与arrive 3. get to 与arrive均为“到达”之意。get to后面接名词,但“到达这里/那里”则为get here/ get there4. arrive是不及物动词,它后面不能直接跟名词,必须与介词in/或at连用之后+名词。“到家”则为”arrive home”,因为here, there, home均为副词,所以不加in/at。5. join和take part in四 语法过关:1. if条件句2. 现在进行时表示将来的时间 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?一、 重点单词:collect;raise;stamp;globe;particular;since;collect二、 重点短语:1. hear from sb:收到某人的来信2. in small groups:在小群体中3. in a short time:在短时间内4. thousands of:数以千计的 hundreds of:数以百计的5. answer the phone:接电话6. right now=at once:立刻;马上;现在7. take a message for sb:给某人留口信8. wait a moment:等一下9. chat on the Internet:网上聊天10. millions of:成千上万的11. get/buy sth for sb:为某人买某物12. fail to do sth:做某事失败13. feel like doing sth=want to do sth:想要做某事14.be abroad:在国外 go abroad:出国15.pen pal:笔友16.travel around the world:环游世界17.four main oceans:四大洋17.give a report:作报告18.at the end=finally:最后19.keep doing sth:一直做某事20.look up:查找三、 难点解析1、 be+ adj.+enough to do sth.的句型,意为“足以能” find, find out和look for 2.find表示“找到,认为,觉得”,强调动作的结果。常指找到丢失或忘掉的东西;look for意为“找,寻找”是持续性动词,强调动作,不表示结果;3. how long 多长(对for一段时间提问)how soon 多久(对in一段时间提问)for+一段时间Since+时间点Since+从句(从句中多用过去式)Since+ 一段时间+ago4目标句型:1). How long have you been doing? Ive been doingsince2). How long did sb. do? He / She did sth. for3). What do you collect? 4)When did you start?5). How many do you have? 6). What do you like to collect in the future?7). What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?5.stop doing sth停止做某事;stop to do sth 停止手头的事儿转而去做某事四 语法过关:现在完成进行时:表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在,有可能一直延续下去的动作。常与for, since,how long,these days等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成进行式结构:肯定句:主语+have / has +been+ doing/否定句:主语+have / has +not+been+ doing一般疑问句:Have / Has +主语+been+ doing/ Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?一 重点单词:mind;yard;dish;poster;take;annoy;brought;perhaps;allow;pick;behave.二 重点词组:1. turn down (音量)放小,(光线)调暗turn up (音量)放大,(光线)调亮turn on 打开(开关、按钮)turn off 关(开关、按钮)2. not at all 一点也不3. right away = in a minuteat once 立刻,马上4. do/wash the dishes 洗碗5 help sb. with sth.=help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做 某事6. wait in line 排队 cut in line 插队7. get mad at/with sb= get annoyed with sb= get angry with sb 生气,感到恼火8. try (not) to do sth. 尽力(不去)做某事9. even if/though 尽管、即使10. take care = be careful 小心11. in public 公开地,当众地12.break the rule 不遵守规则 follow the rules 遵守规则13. put out 熄灭14. pick up 捡起、拾起15. return sb sth=return sth to sb 把还给=give back sth to sb=give sth back to sb(sth是代词时放在中间)16. its better to do最好做某事had better17. be allowed to do sth 被允许做.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事18. order food 点食物19.can't stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事20.be polite to sb 对.有礼貌三难点解析 1. Would you mind?和Do you mind? 用于询问或请求别人做某事,或请求他人的许可。(1)mind后面可以用-ing形式,复合结构 ones doing或if引导的从句。(2)Would you mind my doing? = Do you mind if I do? 这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。注意:在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用Would you mind me doing sth.?来表达,但是在书面表达中要用my。Would you mind me using your car? 我用一下你的车好吗?(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题,可以用Do you mind?通常不用Would you mind?(4)这个句型的否定形式是在mind后加not,即Would you mind not?或Do you mind not?(5)回答DoWould you mind? 提出的问题时,表示允许要说No或Not at all等; 如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes,Im sorry,but I do.等。2. Whether和if:通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示“是否”来引导从句,常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out等动词之后。只能使用whether的场合(1)只有whether能用在介词后面(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether,而不用if(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。3. get: get on / get off ( a / the bus,train,boat,plane) 上/下(公共汽车、火车、船、飞机)get on还可以表示为:相处融洽、继续合作。 get的其它的用法:(1)表示“到达,抵达”,如果后接表示到达某地的名词,get后面要接介词to,如果get后接的是地点副词就可以直接在get后使用。(2)get sth. done使;受;让人做好;经历;让;做(该做的事)(3)get与宾语+形容词连用,其意思是“使某物/某人成为”(4)成为(5)获得,取得4目标句型1. Would you mind doing? Do you mind doing?2、Could / Can / Will / May you please do? Would you mind not doing?3、 Not at all. Ill do it right away.4. Please do / dont 5. Youd better do Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?一 重点单词:get;receive;improve;choose;album;comment;suggestion;personal;special;perfect。二 重点词组:1. photo album 相册2. too to 太而不能3. fall asleep 入睡4. give away 分发,赠送5. pay for 付的款6. rather than 而不是 instead of (doing sth)代替,而不是7. in different ways 以不同的方式8. as as 与一样not as/soas 与比不如其9. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事10. make progress in. 在某方面取得进步11. have fun with sth. 做某事有乐趣= have fun doing sth.12. hear of 听说13. take an interest in = be interested in (doing)sth 对感兴趣14. compare with sth. 与相比15. different kinds of 不同种类的16 . be able to 能够(可用于各种时态)三 难点解析:1.感叹句的构成: What+a/an+adj.+ 可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! how +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! How +adj/adv.(+主语+谓语)!2. increase by 增加了.increase to 增加到3. rather than表示“与其(不如),不是(而是)”是连词词组,可在两个并列的成分中选择,也可连接两个谓语、两个表语、两个主语等。当主句有动词不定式,rather than后可接带to的动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式,也可以用动名词形式.4. 表示提建议的句型:Why not/why don't you/we do sth? 为什么不?How about/What about doing sth? .怎么样?You'd better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。Shall I / we do sth.? 我(们)做好吗?”Lets do sth, shall we? 咱们做吧,好吗?Would/will/can /could you please do sth? 请做.好吗?5. as用作连接词表示时间关系,用来引导时间状语从句,意思也是“当的时候”,往往可与when或while通用,但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。6. spend,cost,take,pay表“花费” 的区别 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?一 重点单词:Neither;seen;especially;holiday;quarter;wake;awake;season;population;environment;temperature.二 重点短语:1. have been to 到过某处(现在已回来)have gone to 到某处去了(现在还没有回来)have been in/at 在某处呆了多久have been here have gone there(副词前不用to)2. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事3. walk around 四处走动4. take a ride 兜风5. on board 在船上6. take different routes 走不同的路线7. end up with sth 以结束end up doing sth 以做某事结束8. argue with sb. 与某人争吵9. such as 例如for example例如(后用逗号隔开)10. take a holiday 度假11. three quarters 四分之三12. have problems (in) doing sth. /with sth 做某事很困难13. during the daytime 在白天期间n the daytime 在白天14. all year round 全年,一年到头15. wake up 醒来,唤醒,叫醒Wake sb. up 叫醒某人16think about doing sth 思考做某事think of 想起;认为17. rather than 宁可;而不是18. neithernor 既不也不(谓语动词使用就近原则)19. on the one hand, on the other hand,. 一方面,另一方面20.the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间21.be asleep 睡着的be awake 醒着的三难点解析1、It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。这是一个强调结构,强调原因状语从句。强调结构的句式是“It+be+被强调成分+that”。被强调的是简单句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语,不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强调对象是人作主语时可用who,作宾语时用whom,其余一律用that。2.Here's what two of our students said about our school. 这里就是两个我们的学生所说的关于我们学校的情况。(1)这是一个含有主语从句的倒装的主从复合句。连接代词what既引导主语从句,又在从句中作said的宾语。(2)副词here置于句首要用倒装语序,主语为代词部分倒装,主语为名词全部倒装。3.“neither + 系/助/情态动词+主语”结构,neither在此意为“也不”,表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或事相同,在肯定句中表示“也”,则要用“so +系/助/情态动词”。4. It is the+最高级+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done 5.目标句型:1. Have you ever been to? Yes,I have. /No,I havent.2. I/He/She has / have never been to3. Where have you been?4. Where do you want to go?5. How long have you been doing?6. What do you like best about doing sth.?7. What kind of job do you want?8. How do/did you do sth.?9. How do you spell your name?四语法过关;现在完成时构成:主语+have/has+动词过去分词否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词 Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?一、 重点单词:cross;slow;traffic;note;fun.二、 重点短语:1. small talk 闲聊2. look through 浏览,快速查看3. a thank-you note for一封.感谢信4. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好5. feel like (doing) sth. 想要(做)6.have a hard/difficult