初中英语定语从句用法详解及练习(共3页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句的用法定语从句在英语阅读材料里处处可见。它是初中阶段的重要语法内容，也是学好英语的难点。我们先来了解一下定语：一本有趣的书an interesting book 形容词interesting做定语修饰名词book 一位漂亮的女孩a beautiful girl 形容词beautiful做定语修饰名词 girl 定语就是在句子中修饰名词或代词的词。我们还可以说成 ：a book that is interesting that is interesting这个句子做定语修饰名词book a girl who is beautiful who is beautiful这个句子做定语修饰名词girl interesting 和that is interesting作用是相同的,都是用作定语来修饰名词book.一、定语从句的概念     在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。要区分复合句中的主句和从句，下面每个句子中的黑体字部分都为主句，注意体会。     二、定语从句的关系词     引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who，宾格whom,所有格whose,关系副词包括where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。  三、定语从句的分类     根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句，主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 He helped me when I was in trouble, which made me very moved.(非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面整个句子)    四、关系代词的用法     1.（1）that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的。(that作主语)     The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作put的宾语) (2) that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面, 但可以使用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away. = The city in which she lives is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 I t is three oclock that he arrived at. = I t is three oclock at which he arrived Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本小说。    2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:     The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)     The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(which 作saw的宾语)     3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:    1） The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) 2）I met a girl yesterday. The girl is my old classmate.  The girl whom I met yesterday is my old classmate. (作met 的宾语)  4.关系词只能用that的情况:     a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,只能用that.例如:     He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 It is one of the most exciting movies that I have watched.    b.先行词是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? I will do all that I can to help you. 我会尽我所能的帮助你。You are the one that I love. 你就是我的所爱。    c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。This is the only book that I can buy. 这是我能借到的唯一一本书。    d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that例如: I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。   e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?  5.关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:     a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?     b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:     This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。     c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。6.whose 的用法，在从句中做定语，表示“谁的”1) The novel belongs to me. The novels cover is broken The novel whose cover is broken blongs to me .2) Henry is a boy. Henrys mother is our English teacher.Henry is the boy whose mother is our English teacher. 3) This is the person .The persons story surprised everybody.This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 翻译： 你想和英语好的学生交朋友吗？_我喜欢发卡是粉红色的那个女孩儿。_    五、关系副词when, where的用法，它相当于介词 + which    (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。例如:     This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。分解：a. This was the time . He arrived at the time. This was the time at which he arrived. = This was the time when he arrived.b. I will never forget the day on which I meet you. = I will never forget the day when I meet you.注意当先行词表示时间，只有在从句中作状语才用when引导，作宾语用that/which练习：1. Next month_ you will spend your holidays in your town comes near. 2. I will never forget the three years _ I spend in this school. 3. I t is two oclock _ he arrived. 4. The year _ we held the Olympics is 2008.翻译： 1. 你知道他什么时候回来吗? _2. 我不会忘记和你待在一起的时光。_3. 圣诞节是我们传播欢乐的时刻。_(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。例如:     This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 分解：a. This is the place. He works at the place.This is the place at which he works. = This is the place where he works.b. I like the hotel where I lived yesterday. = I like the hotel in which I lived yesterday.注意当先行词表示地点，只有在从句中作状语才用where引导，作宾语用that/which练习：1. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.2. The farmers used wood to build a house _vegetables can be stored.3. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.4. I like the school _ I visited yesterday.5. I know the hospital _ Tom talked about.(3) 当先行词为reason, 在从句中作状语用why引导，作宾语用that /which例如：Do you know the reason why he is late? （作状语，he is late for the reason） This is the reason that / which he tells me. (作tells 的宾语)选择题 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whom B. which C. who D. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the one B. which C. who D. whom6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. which B. that C. /D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all8. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. which D. /9. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next doorB. which lives next door C. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door10. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who11. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. asD ./ 12. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there13. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in thatC. that D. which14. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. whenB. where C. thatD. which15. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. thatB. when C. what D. on that16. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. thatC. where D. in which17. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which18. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. where C. in whichD. what19. Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. that C. what D. whatever20. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all. A. which B. that C. who D. what21. Isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysago?A.where B.that C.onwhich D. theone22. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which   B. in which   C. that   D. in that23. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought    B. you bought itC. that you bought it   D. which you bought it24. Anyone _with what I said may stand up.A. which agrees   B. who agree C. who agrees   D. which agree25. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos   B. whose   C. that   D. of which.1. This was the best model of a radio set_the factory produced in1997. A. that B. where C. which D. when2. Do you know anyone_knows about the history of the Ming Tombs? A. which B. whom C. whose D. that3. Well never forget the day_the teacher came to see me in the hospital. A. that B. why C. which D. when4. This is the worker_son died in a traffic accident. A. whose B. whom C. who D. that5. He told me everything_he had seen in the factory. A. that B. which C. when D. where6. I dont know the reason_she didnt agree to our study plan. A. when B. why C. who D. that7. Yesterday I met Dr. Li_told me the good news. A. who B. when C. which D. when8. The two pupils_you taught three years ago have become drivers. A. when B. whom C. where D. whose9. The first thing_my sister is going to do this evening is to write a report about English study.A. which B. who C. that D. why10. This place_you are standing was the site of an old church. A. who B. where C. which D. that11. You can telephone the people_you want to invite to dinner. A. whom B. where C. which D. why12. This is the biggest tiger_has ever been shown in the zoo. A. that B. which C. who D. whom13. This is the man_photo I took yesterday. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that14. The doctor_is treating for your heart trouble is a friend of mine. A. who B. when C. which D. whom15. Mary_dress is all white, looks very pretty. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that16. Whos the man_you just talked with? A. who B. whom C. that D. all the above17. This is the school_I worked seven years ago. A. in which B. in that C. which D. that18. This is the book_Im looking for. A. / B. which C. that D. all the above19. This is the only boy_read the book. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose20. This is the only book_I bought last year. A. which B. that C. what D. who专心-专注-专业