医学英语词根最终打印版(共11页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1人体主要器官前缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词示例心 heart cardiao - cardial cardium/ carditis/ cardiology脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/ encephalitis/ encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/ pulmonectomy/ pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/ hepatobiliary/ hepatology胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/ gastrointestinal/ gastrology胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/ cholinergic/ cholecystectomy肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/ enterectomy/ enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/ splenectomy/ splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/ pancreatectomy肾 kidney nephro- renal/ nephric nephritis/ nephropathy/ nephrology与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/ hemoglobin/ hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/ cardiovasology/ verebrovascular静脉 vein veno- venography/ intravenous/ venoconstriction动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/ arteriole/ arteriosclerosis肌 muscle myo- mycology/ myositis/ myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/ myelitis/ myeloma神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/ neuritis/ neuron细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/ cytoma/ leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/ urosurgery/ urogenital体 body somato-/some somatology/ somatopsychic/ chromosome3与数字有关的前缀数字 前缀 示例一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/ monoclone/ carbon monoxide/ unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/ biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三 tri- trilateral/ triphasic/ trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/ tetracycline/ tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/ pentachromic/ pentachloride六 hexa- hexachromic/ benzene hexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund七 hepta- heptachromic/ heptaploid/ heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/ octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/ nonagon十 deca- d ecade/ decagram/ decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素）， octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色 通用名 前缀 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/ chromatin/ chromatometer红 red erythro- erythrocyte/ erythrocyturia/ erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/ leukemia/ leukocytuira黑 black melano- melena/ melanoma/ melanoderma黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/ xanthosis/ xanthoma绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/ brown ring橙 orange Victoria orange/ ethyl orange/ orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/ cyanopsia/ cyanemia紫 violet/ purple注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例病 patho- pathogen/ pathology/ pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/ nephropathy/ adenopathy病态 -osis otic neurosis/ tuberculosis/ schistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytosis减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytopenia无 a-/an- atypical/ anuria/ agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/ platelet/ leaflet micro- microscopy/ microorganism/ micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/ macronucleus/ macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/ acromegaly/ hepatomegaly复合/多 poly- polyuria/ polymer/ polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/ panmyelosis/ pandemic6与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义 前（后）缀 示例相反 dis- disease/ disorder/ disability困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/ dyspepsia/ dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/ malnutrition/ malpractice炎症 -itis appendicitis/ bronchitis/ arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/ adenoma/ hematoma血症 -emia leukemia/ septisemia/ bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/ hypoalgesia/ algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/ pamplegia/ myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea坏死 -necrosis /necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ necrospermia结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes7与方位有关的前缀含义 通用词 前缀 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/ epithelium/ supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/ subclavicular/ subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- /pre- forehead/ anteroposterior/ precirrhosis后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/ postprandial/ retrocardiac内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/ endoscopy/ entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/ excretion/ exocardial间 between inter- intermuscular/ intercostal/ intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/ paraprotein/ pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/ pericarditis/ peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- /centro- centrifugation/ centralize/ centronucleus反/对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/ countershock/ contraindication注： in vivo/invaivou/活体内; in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内； in situ/insaitju:/原位8与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/ gastrectomy/ splenectomy切开 -tomy tracheotomy/ hysterotomy/ craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/ thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/ gastroesophagostomy成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/ osteoplasty/ myoplasty整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/ orthopod/ orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/ nephrography/ phlebography经 trans- transdominal/ translateral/ transurethral注： ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸） -graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例酸盐 ate sulfate/ nitrate/ acetate醇 -ol alcohol/ propanol/ taxol醛 -al retinal/ methylal/ propanal酮 -one acetone/ progesterone/ ketone糖 glyco- glycogenolysis saccharo- saccharomyces -saccharide polysaccharide酶 -ase reductase/ transminase/ kinase素 -in penicillin/ heparin/ nuclein原 -gen allogen/ antigen/ glycogen苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/ phenate/ phenetidin氨基 amino- aminobenzene/ aminopherase/ aminopyrine10与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例杀 -cide/-cidal insecticide/ pesticide/ bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/ virostatic/ tuberculostatic驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/ centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/ antimycotic/ antimutagen去/脱/除 de- dehydroprednisone/ detergent/ desensitization回/再/复 re- reabsorb/ reactivation/ recombinant冷冻 cryo- cryobiology/ cryopreservation/ cryoprotectant否/去/分离 dis- disinfection/ dissociate/ dissection向后/退行 retro- retrograde/ retrosternal/ retrocardiacSuffixMeaningExample-acpertaining to 属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart心脏（病）的-alpertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的-arypertaining to belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-aseenzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-clesmallness小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小囊,(头发的)毛囊-ean instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-ealpertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-iacondition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-icpertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学-ine/insubstance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who specializes in 精通于的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家-itisinflammation refers to a part in部位的炎症 rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)umrelation to a whole; related to 与相关endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜-ivecharacterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳药-lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an actiondevelopment: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature-oidresembling; like像mucoid: resembling mucus粘液样的-olelittle; smallcentriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-omatumor; swelling refers to a doerdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤-or/-ereither a person or thingreceptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体-orycharacterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down悬吊式，悬带-osesugarfructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ouspertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体-umstructure; thing; substance结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）-ycondition; act; processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffixMeaning Example-algiapain; painful; conditionarthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛-aseenzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesissurgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clastcellphagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dyniapainglossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasisexpansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张-ectomysurgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病-emesisvomiting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of bl