新概念英语第二册笔记-第86课(共16页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson 86 Out of Control 失去控制【Text】As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.【课文翻译】当那人试图让快艇转弯时，方向盘脱手了。他绝望地向他的伙伴挥手，他的伙伴在过去的15分钟里 一直在滑水。他们两个还没来得及意识到究竟发生了什么事情，就被猛地抛入了海里。快艇撞上了一个浮标，但它仍在水面上快速行驶着。两个人刚开始向岸边游去，就突然惊愕地发现快艇正在转着圈行驶,它现在正以惊人的速度直冲他们驶来。不到1分钟的工夫，它从离他们只有几英尺远的地方呼啸着驶了过去。快艇过去之后，他们以最快的速度向前游去，因为他们知道快艇马上就要转回来。他们刚刚来得及游出危险区，快艇就又转完了一圈。然而这一次它的速度慢多了。汽油几乎已经用光。没过多久，噪音便彻底消失，快艇开始在水面上慢悠悠地漂流。New words and expressions 生词和短语swing （swung ,swung） v. 转向 speedboat n. 快艇desperately adv. 绝望地 companion n. 同伙，伙伴water ski （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水 buoy n. 浮标dismay n. 沮丧 tremendous adj. 巨大的petrol n. 汽油 drift v. 漂动，漂流gently adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地【生词讲解】1. swing 1）v. 转向、突然转向、转变方向、转变思想（swung ,swung）eg：I wanted to swing round and shout at him. 我想转向他吼叫。eg：That bicycle will swing around the corner. 那辆自行车将在转弯处转弯。eg：Its impossible to swing a car in such a narrow path like this. 这样一个狭窄的道路上不可能掉转汽车方向的。no room to swing a cat no enough room to swing a cat 无转身之地、过于狭窄2） v. 摆动、使摆动eg：Its bad manners to swing your legs while eating . 吃饭时晃动双脚是不礼貌的。eg：The monkey is swinging itself from tree to tree. 猴子在树上从这棵树荡到那棵树。 3） n. 摆动、振动eg：The swing of the ship makes me sick.船的晃动让我感到想吐。4） n.秋千eg：There are some swings in the park. 公园里有许多秋千。get on a swing 上秋千 ； swing shift 中班工人（美口语） 2. speedboat n. 快艇speedway（美）高速公路、赛车跑道speed n. 速度、速率 ； run at full speed 全速at a speed of 40 miles an hour每小时 40英里的速度at speed 以高速 ； speedy adj. 快速的、及时的a speedy reply 及时的回答3. desperately 1） adv. 绝望地、不顾一切的、情急的eg：He said desperately that the opposing team was too strong for us. 对手对我们说太强大了。2） adv. 极度地 eg：He was desperately busy. 他极度地忙。desperate 1） adj. 不顾一切的、亡命地make desperate efforts to do sth 拼命地做某事eg：The desperate thief shot at the policeman. 亡命的小偷向警察开枪。2） adj. 悲观的、几乎没有希望的eg：Her illness is desperate, but not hopeless. 她的病不乐观但并不是毫无希望。3） adj. 渴望的、很渴望的be desperate for sth be desperate to do sth 极度渴望要（做）某事eg：He was desperate for fame. 他渴望有个名声。eg：He is desperate to pass the entrance exam. 他渴望通过了入学考试.4. companion 1） n. 同伙，伙伴eg：Bad companions can lead young people astray.不良同伴可导致青少年误入歧途。a companion in arms 战友a lifelong companion 一个终身的伴侣2） n. 旅伴eg：I had a good companion while traveling. 在旅途中我有一个好旅伴。3） 看护妇（受顾陪伴老妇或病人的妇女） a hospital companion 医院的妇工5. water ski （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水ski 滑雪 ； go skiing 去滑雪skate 滑冰 ； go skating 去滑冰6. buoy n. 浮标、救生圈life buoy 救生圈buoyancy n. 浮力、乐观的性情buoyant adj. 乐观的 、轻松愉快的buoyantly adv. 乐观地,轻松愉快地7. dismay 1）n. 沮丧、惊慌、胆怯in dismay with dismay 惊慌to ones dismay 使惊慌的昰2）v. 使惊慌、使胆怯 be dismayed at 对某事惊慌eg：She was dismayed at the news.听到这个消息她非常惊慌。8.tremendous adj. （大小、数量、程度） 惊人的、巨大的 a tremendous explosion 极大的爆炸声a tremendous effort 极大的努力eg ：He ran at a tremendous speed. 他以惊人的速度跑。tremendously adv.  trimendsli 可怕地；极大地eg：The exam was tremendously difficult. 这次考试非常困难9. petrol n. 汽油gas gasoline 汽油petrol station gas station filling station n. 加油站petroleum 石油 ； petro 岩石 ； oleum 'ulim 油10. drift 1） v. 漂动，漂流eg：The raft was drifting down the river. 这木筏漂流顺流而下eg：The wind drifted the boat toward the shore.风把船吹向岸边。2） n. 漂流、漂移the drift of an iceberg 冰山的漂移the drift of population from country to city. 人口从乡村迁移到城市3）n. 漂流物big drifts of snow 吹积成的大雪堆a drift of dead leaves 吹积成的枯叶堆driftwood 漂木11. gently 1） adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地eg：Handle the glassware gently. 小心的处理玻璃器皿。2） adv. 温柔地eg：She spoke gently to the frightened child. 她温柔的和那个吓坏的孩子说话。gentle 1） adj. 温柔地、和善的eg：He is a very gently person. 他是个很温和的人。eg：Mothers are always gentle with their babies. 母亲总是温柔的对待她们的婴儿。2） adj. 和缓的 / mild speak in a gentle voice . 以和缓的语调说话。a gentle slope 和缓的斜坡3） adj. 驯服的; 温顺的a gentle horse 一匹驯服的马 ； as gentle as a lamb 性情温顺如小羊【课文讲解】1. out of control失控be out of control/get out of controleg：The kids are out of control.管不住这些孩子。eg：The noise frightened the horse and it got out of control. 马被响声惊着了而无法控制。be in control of sth 管理或支配某事物 （be in charge of）eg：Who's in control of this project?谁是这个项目的负责人？bring/get sth under control控制之下eg: Don't worry. Everything is under control. 别担心，一切都在控制之下。eg: The fire has been brought under control.火势已受到控制。eg: You must get your spending under control.你必须节制开支。介词短语out of 可以表示“失去”、“欠缺”eg: Tony walked so fast that he was soon out of sight. 托尼走得很快，不久就无影无踪了。eg: He has been out of work for two months. 他失业两个月了。2. As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. manage to do sth.和try to do sth. 用法区别try to do sth. 意思是“尽力，设法去做某事”，结果如何，不得而知，而manage to do sth.,则表示“设法做成了某事”eg: Jim had a lot of homework, but he managed to finish it before bedtime.吉姆有很多家庭作业，但终于在睡觉前完成了。eg: Jim had a lot of homework, but he said he would try to finish it before bedtime.吉姆有很多家庭作业，他说他他将设法在睡觉前完成。 steering wheel 方向盘 行李厢：trunk（boot英国） 门：door 头灯：headlight 转向灯：turn signal牌照：license plate 尾灯：taillight 后窗：rear window 牌照号码：registration number车顶：roof 边灯：parking light 后视镜：side mirror USsteer v. 掌舵、驾驶eg： He carefully steered his car around the corner.他小心翼翼地驾驶他的车在拐角处。steer a ship 驾驶船 ； steersmen n. 舵手 come away 掉下、脱落eg：The handle came away from the pitcher when I grasped it . 当我抓起水罐时它的柄脱落了。eg: When I tried to lift the suitcase, the handle came away.当我试图提起手提箱时，把手掉了下来。eg: My heel has come away from the shoe.我的鞋后跟从鞋子上脱落了。3. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. wave to sb 对挥手 for the last + 一段时间 通常搭配完成时态for the last 10 years 在过去的10分钟里 ski滑雪 skier滑雪的人 water skiing滑水4. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. hardly when 几乎没时间做某事 、一就eg：Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain . We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain .我们一到乡下天就下雨了。hardly.when.表示几乎未来得及.就.hardly 用于主句中，并且主句通常用过去完成时。no sooner than 与 hardly.when这两组连词意义都与 as soon as 相近，但都比 as soon as 正式。它们通常都与过去完成时连用。当 no sooner 和 hardly 位于句首时，后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序，即句子变为 no sooner/hardly+助动词+主语+动词形式的语序：eg：He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.No sooner had he returned than he bought a house and went to live there.他刚一回来便买下了一幢房子住了进去。 eg: No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted.他刚一开始讲话就被打断了。eg: He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.Hardly had he had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.他还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。eg: Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.他刚刚登上那辆公共汽车它就开了。 be thrown into 被抛进、被扔进 violently 激烈地,猛烈地eg: I felt my heart beat violently.我感觉到自己的心跳得很厉害。violent1)暴力的eg: Violent criminals are a danger to society.那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。2) 猛烈的,激烈的,强烈的eg: She was in violent temper.她暴跳如雷。a violent debate激烈的辩论, 极端的a violent dislike 极端的厌恶eg: He has a violent dislike of school.他极端厌恶上学。5. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. 延伸搭配： buoy up振作，鼓舞eg： We were buoyed up by goods news.我们被好消息所鼓舞。 with dismay 惊愕地 to one's dismay使某人惊愕be dismayed at使某人惊愕或失望eg：We were dismayed at his refusal to cooperate.他不肯合作使我们感到非常失望6. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. come towards 朝着来 straight adv. 笔直 、径直 go straight 直走、改邪归正keep straight on 一直往前走 ； look straight up 仰看正上方come straight to the point 一句说出问题的核心 at tremendous speed 以惊人的速度at full speed 以全速7. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. in less than 不及 in less than no time 一会儿、立刻 roar1） v.（猛兽） 吼叫、咆啸eg：Lions were roaring in the distance. 狮子在远方咆哮着。2） v. 大声喊叫、吵嚷eg：The patient roared with pain. 病人疼痛大叫着。eg：The audience roared with laughter at the joke. 观众听了这个笑话哄堂大笑。3）v.轰鸣、呼啸 eg：The truck roared past. 卡车呼啸而过。eg：The thunder roared. 雷声隆隆。roar oneself hoarse 喊哑了嗓子set the room in a roar 引的满堂哄然大笑； set the table in a roar 引的满桌大笑8. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. pass v. 经过 pass passed passedpast prep. 经过 on 在这里是副词，表示“向前”：eg: Walk on along this road for ten minutes and you'll see the railway station. 沿着这条路向前走10 分钟你就会看见火车站。eg: I think he saw me, but he just marched on. 我觉得他看见了我，但他却径直往前走了。 as.as possible=as.as sb can/could 尽可能.eg: Please help me as much as possible. 请尽可能多的帮助我。eg: Please help me as much as you can.eg: He made as many friends as he could in London. 他在伦敦广交朋友.9. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. just 是个可以和各种完成时连用的时间副词，它与when 连用时常用于过去完成时eg：Jim had just left when you rang.你打电话时吉姆刚走。eg：The patient had just died when the doctor arrived.医生来时病人刚死。out of danger  脱离危险 enough 1）adv. 足够地eg：Your work is not good enough.eg：I missed the train this morning. I didnt get up early enough .2） adj. 足够的eg：I didnt buy enough sugar.eg：There are enough flowers in that vase. fairly adv. 相当、非常eg：George is a fairly tall person but still not tall enough to get into the police force. 乔治的身材相当高,但要加入警察部队还不够高。eg：I know hes a fairly good player, but he doesnt play well enough to get into the team. 10. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. on this occasion 这一次 on occasion（s）有时，间或，偶尔on the occasion of 在场合，值之际by occasion of (=because of) 由于 slow down 慢下来 considerably adv. 很、颇、相当 eg: The problem is considerably difficult to us.对我们来说这个问题相当难。eg: He has been ill, but now he is considerably better. 他得了病，但是现在好多了。 considerable 1） adj. 很、可观的、相当的a considerable difference 明显的差别2） adj. 重要的considerable man 一个要人 ； considerate 体贴的、考虑周到的be considerate of 体谅 ., 替 . 着想considerate towards sbeg: This man is a good boss because he is always considerate towards his employees.这人真是个好老板因为他总是能体谅他的员工。considerate of sb to do stheg: It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.在我睡觉的时候你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。11. The petrol had nearly all been used up. use up 用尽、耗尽eg: I've used up all the glue. 我把胶水全用光了eg: She used up the chicken bones to make soup.她把鸡骨头全用来熬汤了。 eg：The soldiers were used up after the long battle .士兵们长期斗争后耗尽体力。 up 表示“彻底地”、“完全地”，它也可以与其他一些动词连用：eg：The child soon ate up the cake. 孩子很快把蛋糕吃完了。eg：She burned up all his letters. 她把他的信都烧掉了。eg：Can you read up the book in two hours? 你用两小时就能把这书读完吗？use 的常见短语 ；bring sth into use 雇用 ； come into use 投入使用eg：Computers have come into use in the class.这个班开始使用计算机了。make use of 利用eg：You should make the best use of this chance. 你应该善用这个机会。eg：He made use of his free time to learn French. 他利用业余时间学习法语。12. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water. before long 不久 drop 渐渐消失1)drop 在这里为不及物动词，表示“减少”、“变弱”或“消失”eg: When he saw that Mary was upset, his voice dropped.他发现玛丽不高兴时，便降低了嗓门。2) n.滴，水滴tear drops泪珠eye drops滴眼剂, 眼药水a few drops of water几滴水at the drop of a hat随时, 立刻; 动不动就., 一有机会就.eg: You can't expect me to move my house at the drop of a hat你别指望我说搬家就搬家。drop in/by/over/round顺便拜访drop round sometime有空就顺便来坐坐。eg: Drop in and see us when you're coming你来时就顺便来看我。drop in on sb/drop into sth3) v下降eg: Price for meat dropped. 肉跌价了。7. roar past8. as quickly as he could9. out of danger10. on this occasion11. slow down12. use up13. before long【关键词组摘录】1. try to do sth 2. come away3. hardly when4. with dismay5. come straight towards6. at a tremendous speed【Key structures：过去完成时和过去完成进行时】1.过去完成时：had + done 含义：表示过去某时之前以经做完，即过去的过去。2.过去完成进行时：had been doing 含义：表示过去某时之前一直在进行着。【Special Difficulties】 区别：enough / fairly （见上面讲义和如下补充）Enough and Fairlyenough表示“足够”，用在形容词或副词之后，有“为了某种目的”的含义eg: Im old enough to know Im doing.eg: I didnt arrive at the station early enough. 我到车站到得不够早（我误了火车）。fairly表示“相当”，通常修饰表示肯定意义的词：eg: The water in the pool is fairly warm, but not warm enough to swim in.eg: He is fairly quick, but not quick enough to take part in the race.Exercises ：用正确的词填空：1）its fairly cold today , but not really cold enough to light a fire .2）This book was fairly interesting , but I didnt enjoy it as much as I expected to .3）This class has given me enough trouble so far . so far  迄今为止；到某个程度4）Is that suitcase large enough to take all these clothes ？【Exercise】1. How fast did it go ？ b tremendous speed .a. With b. At c. In d. From 2. The man tried to swing the boat round . He tried to c .a. circle it 环绕它 b. twist it 使它扭曲、使它转过去c. make it turn 使它转弯 、使它转过去 d. wind it 使它转动、使它湾区前进3. It roared past them. It b them . a. past b. passed c. pasted d. passing 4. He is late again today . Ill c that he will not be late tomorrow .a. be sure b. hope forc. see to it d. make it so 谚语：1. Variety is the spice of life. 变化是生活的调味品， 意思是一陈不变的生活是很枯燥泛味的，生活中需要变化。2. Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳专心-专注-专业