虚拟语气解析以及练习题答案详细解答(共19页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上虚拟语气解析及练习与答案详解虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的运用 1、状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）非真实条件句中的虚拟语气（if引导的条件句）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。与将来事实相反动词过去式（be用were）/should + 动词原形/were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。省略if 的用法有were, had, should等可省if，将were/had/should移至句首主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同。Were I you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就买了它。Had you studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。Had it not been for his help, I wouldnt have succeeded.如果没有他的帮助，我就不会成功。含蓄条件句在虚拟语气中，有时并没有明显的表示条件的句子，而是通过句子的逻辑关系或一些词、短语等暗示出来，如without, but for(要不是), otherwise(否则)But for the English test, I would have gone home this week.要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。Without war in the world, people would live a more happy life.如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。He is ill. Otherwise he could come.他病了，否则他会来的。错综时间的条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句和从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. （过去-现在）如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在-过去)If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们离家早的话，半个小时就该到了。（过去将来）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago. （将来过去）如果莫妮卡今天到达的话，那她一定在三天前就动身了。（2）方式状语从句（as if/ though）说明从句谓语例句特别提示与现在/将来情况相反动词过去式（be用were）She loves the child as if he were her own.John pretends as if he didnt know the thing at all.从句时态与主句没有关系。与过去情况相反Had +过去分词He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.（3）让步状语从句（even if /though）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在/将来情况相反动词过去式（be用were）Would/should+动词原形Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage.即使他们会失败，他们也不会泄气。与过去情况相反Had +过去分词Would/should +have+过去分词Even if it had been raining, we should have had a get-together.即使天下雨了，我们也应聚聚的。(4)目的状语从句（so that, in order that等引导）（了解内容）从句谓语例句特别提示Can/could/may/might/would/should+动词原形We had a meeting so that we could know what to do next.我们开了个会以便能了解接下来该做什么。We took a taxi in order that we could get there on time.为了按时到达那里，我们乘了辆出租车。现在英语中常用陈述句语气。2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气分类说明从句谓语例句主语从句在it is/was important/apity/necessary/suggested/required that 等句子中 (Should+)动词原形It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误 宾语从句主句谓语是would rather/sooner/prefer等与现在/将来情况相反过去式I would rather you came this weekend.我宁愿你这个周末来。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词I would rather he had visited us yesterday.我宁愿他昨天来看过我们。主句谓语是wish与现在情况相反动词过去式（be用were）I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！ I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。 与过去情况相反Had+过去分词She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。 与将来情况相反would/could/might + 动词原形I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等表示建议、要求、决定或命令的动词 （should+）动词原形We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次。 The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。 The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 学生们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌。 I insist she go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。注意 insist作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。表语从句主句主语为表示命令、建议、要求等的名词，如suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等（should+）动词原形My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village. 我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。 Their proposal is that we (should) set up a spare time school for them. 他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。 His idea is that we (should) discuss the report. 他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告。 同位语从句表示建议、命令、希望、要求等的名词如suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan（should+）动词原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。 What do you think of the idea that we (should) begin the second experiment at once? 你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？ 3、其他情况的虚拟语气分类从句谓语 例句It is (high/about) time that过去式/should+动词原形（should不能省略）It is time we went to bed. Its about time you began your work.If only 引导的感叹句与现在情况相反过去式（be用were）If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了就好了。与将来情况相反would/ should/could/ might/ + 动词原形If only problems would come one at a time!要是问题一次只发生一个该多好！表示祝愿的句子May或may+动词原形May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 练习题及答案解释The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 解析：这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。3. If you Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contact C. werent to contact D. hadnt contacted 解析：until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。4. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（B）But for为正确答案。5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 解析：题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此B. should there be 就是本题答案 。7、When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man.A. turn offB. turned offC. would turn offD. had turned off解析： propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。选择（A）. turn off 8、I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offendB. had offended C. should have offendedD. might have offended解析：B. had offended 。本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was 暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。9、The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printed C. must be printedD. should be printed解析： D. should be printed 。因为urgent是欲望形容词,在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。10、 The board deemed it urgent that these files right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 解析：it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent（急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should（可以省略）+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是（D）。11、 Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 解析：（C）在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。12、I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 解析：（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。13. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended 解析：（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。14. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。16. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling 解析：（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。17. I hadnt expected James to apologize but I had hoped . A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me 解析：（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings . A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 解析：表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。19. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his 解析：（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 解析：（A）表示与现在相反的虚拟。21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 解析：Aas though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 解析：Dfelt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。23. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift 解析：Das if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。24. He described the town as if he it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 解析：Aas if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。25. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do 解析：（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。26. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting. A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have 解析：（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。27. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology . A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 解析：（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。28. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it . A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have 解析：（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。29. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 解析：（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。30. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 解析：（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。31. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be surprised if he acting for a living one day. A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up 解析：（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。32. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 解析：（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。33. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt 解析：Bwould rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。34. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received 解析：C注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。35. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. ( 1995年6月四级第46题)A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 解析：本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。本句相当于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是（A） would have telephoned。36. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got解析：本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期内并不会存在。该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语用should或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本题答案。选项A. has to get是陈述语气的现在时，不能用于虚拟条件句中。选项B. had got