《汉字录入》教案(共73页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题键盘操作与指法练习教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握正确的指法能力目标：能够熟练运用正确的指法输入英文短文教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：正确的指法难点：短文输入教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10一、短文输入The Guinevere was wrecked.For the next three days, death was with us constantly, never more than a wave away. A freighter passed near us. It seemed to come our way, then passed on. Our radio went dead. But we fought back. With canvas and broken planks, we patched holes. We bailed and steered.One afternoon a plane passed over, low enough for us to read USCG on the wings. We waved and shouted, but the aircraft was visible for only a few seconds. We doubted that we had been seen.We fought on through day and night, no longer aware of our bruises, the cold and the wet. We no longer heard the endless howling of the storm. We were beyond exhaustion, beyond thought.On Friday, the wind dropped back to a gale. I got a sight of the sun and worked out a position line. We were about 240 miles off the coast. Then.Heather saw it first. It was a tanker, half a mile away. We heard Heather's sob of relief and looked. We could see the name on the bow: Esso Greenville."They see us!" Duke cried.We had thought our lives were over. But now we were being offered another chance.The tanker came toward us slowly. Her crew was waving from the rail. They threw us a line. I made it fast to the strongest post on the boat. But at the first tug the post pulled out. Guinevere's bones were broken. She smashed against the tanker.From the bridge they saw what had happened. Men worked furiously to help us. Another line came snaking down. This one had a bosun's chair slung on it.One of the officers shouted, "Get that woman off!""She's a sailor," Duke shouted back. "As good as any of us."He pulled the chair over Heather's head. As the crew hauled her up, he held the line firmly so she would not swing against the ship's side. Then I held the line for Duke.There was no one to do the same for me. My responsibility had driven me. Now it was over. I felt drained of will. As I hesitated, Guinevere gave her final roll. I caught at the bosun's chair. They dragged me up fast. I struck the side of the ship once. Then I was on solid deck.With Heather and Duke I watched silently as Guinevere dived into a wave for the last time. The tanker's crew crowded around to offer their hands.We had escaped death. And we had learned how simple, precious and frail life is. Each of us vowed not to waste a moment of our lives thereafter.正确的指法熟练运用正确的指法输入英文短文学生操作学生操作考勤见教师手册教学体会（教学环节一般包括复习旧课、导入新课、讲授新课、学生操作、教师点评、归纳总结、布置作业等）教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题键盘操作与指法练习教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握正确的指法能力目标：能够熟练运用正确的指法输入英文短文教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：正确的指法难点：短文输入教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10一、短文输入A girl selling matchesOnce upon a time a little girl tried to make a living by selling matches in the street. It was New Year's Eve and the snowed streets were deserted. From brightly lit windows came the tinkle of laughter and the sound of singing. People were getting ready to bring in the New Year. But the poor little match seller sat sadly beside the fountain. Her ragged dress and worn shawl did not keep out the cold and she tried to keep her bare feet from touching the frozen ground. She hadn't sold one box of matches all day and she was frightened to go home, for her father would certainly be angry. It wouldn't be much warmer anyway, in the draughty attic that was her home. The little girl's fingers were stiff with cold. If only she could light a match! But what would her father say at such a waste! Falteringly she took out a match and lit it. What a nice warm flame! The little matchseller cupped her hand over it, and as she did so, she magically saw in its light a big brightly burning stove.She held out her hands to the heat, but just then the match went out and the vision faded. The night seemed blacker than before and it was getting colder. Beyond that stood a fine table laden with food and lit by a candlestick. She lit the third match and an even more wonderful thing happened. There stood a Christmas tree hung with hundreds of candles, glittering with tinsel and coloured balls. "Oh, how lovely!" exclaimed the little matchseller, holding up the match. Then, the match burned her finger and flickered out. The light from the Christmas candles rose higher and higher, then one of the lights fell, leaving a trail behind it. "Someone is dying," murmured the little girl, as she remembered her beloved Granny who used to say: "When a star falls, a heart stops beating!" Scarcely aware of what she was doing, the little matchseller lit another match. This time, she saw her grandmother. A cold day dawned and a pale sun shone on the fountain and the icy road. Close by lay the lifeless body of a little girl surrounded by spent matches. "Poor little thing!" exclaimed the passersby. "She was trying to keep warm正确的指法熟练运用正确的指法输入英文短文学生操作学生操作考勤见教师手册教学体会（教学环节一般包括复习旧课、导入新课、讲授新课、学生操作、教师点评、归纳总结、布置作业等）教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题键盘操作与指法练习教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握正确的指法能力目标：能够熟练运用正确的指法输入英文短文教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：正确的指法难点：短文输入教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10一、 短文输入American censusFor years, Jorge DelPinal's job as assistant chief of the Census Bureau's Population Division was to fit people into neat, distinct racial and ethnic boxes: white, black, Hispanic, Asian or Native American. As the son of an Anglo mother and a Hispanic father, however, he knew all along that the task was not always possible.For the 2000 decennial census, that will no longer be the case. For the first time, the census forms will allow people to check off as many races as apply. As a result, the Census Bureau should obtain a better picture of the extent of intermarriage in the United States. In the absence of such a direct method, a few years ago veteran demographer Barry Edmonston used sophisticated mathematical modeling techniques to calculate how intermarriage is changing the face of the United States as part of an immigration study he directed for the National Research Council of the American Academy of Sciences. His research was summarized in a report entitled The New Americans: Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. But as the Canadian-born, white husband of sociologist Sharon Lee, a Chinese-American, Edmonston really needed no computer to understand the transformation under way in this society. He and his family are living, breathing participants. The face of America is changing - literally. As President Clinton has said, within 30 or 40 years, when there will be no single race in the majority in the United States. But afoot behind the scenes is another trend that, if handled carefully, could bring the country closer together rather than drive it apart. This quiet demographic counter-revolution is a dramatic upsurge in intermarriage. Edmonston's study projected that by 2050, 21 percent of the U.S. population will be of mixed racial or ethnic ancestry, up from an estimate of seven percent today. Among third-generation Hispanic and Asian Americans, exogamy-marriage outside one's ethnic group or tribe-is at least 50 percent, he and others estimate. Exogamy remains much less prevalent among African Americans, but it has increased enormously, from about 1.5 percent in the 1960s to eight to 10 percent today. Such a profound demographic shift could take place while no one was watching because, officially, no one was watching. Federal agencies traditionally collected racial data using a formula' one person, one race' similar to the time-honored voting principle. Thus, the Census Bureau could estimate that on census forms no more than two percent of the population would claim to be multiracial. In the absence of a more straightforward count, no one could know for sure what the demographics are.正确的指法熟练运用正确的指法输入英文短文学生操作学生操作考勤见教师手册教学体会（教学环节一般包括复习旧课、导入新课、讲授新课、学生操作、教师点评、归纳总结、布置作业等）教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题五笔字型介绍教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握五笔字型基础、汉字的构成能力目标：能够熟练运用正确的指法录入教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：汉字构成难点：汉字构成教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10一、关于汉字输入法中国汉字不仅数量繁多，而且形态各异。目前的中国汉字有6万多个，要将如此多的汉字输入到计算机中，就涉及到汉字输入法的问题。目前的汉字输入法种类很多，根据其汉字编码方式的不同，可以分为以下3类：1音码：利用汉字的读音特性进行编码，如全拼输入法、智能ABC、搜狗等。2形码：利用汉字的字型特性进行编码，如五笔字型输入法。3音形结合码：既利用汉字的读音特性，又利用字型特性进行编码，如自然码输入法。二、五笔字型输入法的优势五笔字型输入法是著名汉字信息处理专家王永民教授在五笔画基础上进一步完善的一种更加高效的汉字输入方法。与各种拼音输入法相比，五笔字型输入法具有以下优势。1按键次数少使用拼音输入法输入拼音编码后，必须按一下空格键来确认，无形之中增加了按键次数，降低了打字速度。而用五笔字型输入法输入一组编码（不管是单字还是词组）最多只需按4次键，而且编码为4码的不需要按空格键，从而提高了打字速度。2重码少使用拼音输入法输入汉字时，由于同音的字和词较多，经常出现重码，需要用户根据键盘上的数字键来选择，有时还要通过翻页才能选取，非常麻烦。而五笔字型输入法重码少，如果无重码或所要结果排在选字窗口的第1位，可以直接输入下一个编码，结果将自动显示在屏幕上，大大提高了打字速度。3不受方言限制使用拼音输入法输入文字，要求用户掌握各个汉字的标准读音，这对于普通话不标准的用户来说是一件难事。而使用五笔字型输入法输入汉字时，用户即使不认识这个字，也能根据它的字型打出这个字来。三、关于五笔字型输入法的版本五笔字型输入法最常用的版本是86版和98版。86版使用130个字根，可以处理6763个国标简体字。98版以86版为基础，引入了“码元”概念，245个码元使取码更加规范；不仅可以处理6763个国标简体字，而且还可以处理我国港、澳、台地区（BIG5）的13053个繁体字，以及中、日、韩三国大字符集中的21003个汉字。虽然98版五笔字型在86版的基础上做了许多改进，但由于86版在国内已经推广，流传了数十年，拥有数千万的用户，所以当今流行的五笔字型输入法仍以86版为主。除了王码五笔以下，还有一些其他名称的五笔字型输入法，如万能五笔、极品五笔、陈桥五笔等，它们的用法大致相同，后面的这几种都是基于王码五笔来开发的，并且在功能上有所增强。因此，只要学会了86版王码五笔字型输入法，其它的五笔输入法也就不成问题。考勤见教师手册教学体会（教学环节一般包括复习旧课、导入新课、讲授新课、学生操作、教师点评、归纳总结、布置作业等）教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题五笔字型基础知识教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握五笔字型基础、汉字的构成能力目标：能够熟练运用正确的指法录入教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：汉字构成难点：汉字构成教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10一、汉字编码基础五笔字型输入法是一种将汉字字型分解、拼形输入的编码方案。在使用五笔字型输入法输入汉字时，能够正确地判断汉字字型和拆分汉字是输入汉字的前提，而要正确地判断汉字字型和拆分汉字，就必须了解汉字的结构。二、汉字的3个层次在五笔输入法中，汉字的结构有3个层次：笔画、字根和单字。图2-1 笔画、字根和汉字的关系笔画、笔顺、字根和单字的含义简单介绍如下：l 笔画：按汉字书写规范书写汉字时，一次写成的连续不间断的一条线段称为“笔画”。可以将汉字的笔画划分为5类：横（一）、竖（丨）、撇（丿）、捺（丶）、折（乙）。l 笔顺：笔画的书写顺序。在书写汉字时应遵循先左后右、先上后下、先横后竖、先撇后捺、先内后外、先中间后两边和先进门后关门等规则。l 字根：由若干笔画相互复合交叉而形成的相对不变的结构称为“字根”。l 单字：将字根按一定位置结构组合而成的单个的汉字称为“单字”。例如，“汉”字是由“氵”和“又”两个字根组成，而“氵”和“又”是由上述笔画组成的。五笔字型中使用的5种笔画在五笔字型中，按照汉字的使用频率，将五种笔画进行排序并依次用1、2、3、4、5作为代号来表示。1横“横”是指从左到右、从左下到右上的笔画。如，“与”、“开”和“不”的第1笔，以及“七”和“羽”中的提笔。2竖“竖”是指从上到下的笔画，“竖左钩（亅）”也归为“竖”笔。例如，“旧”和“止”中的竖直线段，以及“利”和“刘”中的最后一笔。3撇“撇”是指从右上到左下的笔画。如，“长”、“生”和“垂”的“丿”笔。4捺“捺”是指从左上到右下的笔画，“点（丶）”也归为“捺”笔。如，“八”、“及”和“入”的第一笔，以及“主”和“方”的首笔。5折“折”是指除“竖左钩”之外所有带转折、拐弯的笔画。如，“与”、“及”、“收”和“己”等字中的折笔。考勤见教师手册教学体会教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题记忆五笔字根教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握五笔字型的键盘分布能力目标：能够熟记字根在键盘上的分布规律教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：正确的指法难点：字根练习教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10字根在键盘上的分布规律在五笔字型编码方案中，字根在键盘上的分布是有规律可循的，大部分都可以在音、形、义上有相近的地方，概括起来，下面一些分布特征有助于读者学习记忆。1字根的第1个基本笔画代号与这个字根所在键盘分区的“区号”保持一致。例如：l 五、王、地、十、在、林、工等字的第1笔是横，横的代号是1，因此分布在第1区。 l 上、止、日、是、中、国、同等字的第1笔是竖，竖的代号是2，因此分布在第2区。l 禾、和、的、白、有、人、多等字的第1笔是撇，撇的代号是3，因此分布在第3区。l 主、方、立、产、为、火、之等字的第1笔是捺，捺的代号是4，因此分布在第4区。l 民、己、了、发、以、经、以等字的第1笔是折，折的代号是5，因此分布在第5区。 2部分字根的第2笔笔画代号与该字根所在键的“位号”相一致。字根的首笔代号决定字根分布的区号，第2笔的代号则决定字根分布的位号。例如：l 王、上、禾、主、民等字的第2笔是横，代号1与所在键位号一致。l 土、刂、折、门、了等字的第2笔是竖，代号2与所在键位号一致。l 在、大、有、不、发等字的第2笔是撇，代号3与所在键位号一致。3部分字根与键名字根形态相似或相近例如，“水”字键上，有“氵”，“小”等字根；“目”字键上有“且”等字根；“土”字键上有“士”、“干”、“十”等字根。4.字根的笔画数目与位号一致注意：大部分字根是按照以上规律进行分布的，但也有些字根的分布不符合以上规律，需要另外记忆。以上规律只是为了帮助读者学习理解而总结出来的。学生操作学生操作考勤见教师手册教学体会（教学环节一般包括复习旧课、导入新课、讲授新课、学生操作、教师点评、归纳总结、布置作业等）15教 案 纸 月 日 第 章 第 课时 总第 课时课题记忆五笔字根教学目标（包括知识目标、能力目标、情感目标）知识目标：掌握正确的指法能力目标：能够熟练记忆字根教材分析（包括教学重点、教学难点）重点：正确的指法难点：记忆字根教学方法（包括教法、学法）教法：案例教学 理实一体 学法：榜样学习+任务驱动教学过程设计教学环节时间安排主 要 内 容师生双边活动及教法运用备注讲授新课操作归纳 10一、写出下列字根所在的键以及区位号。例：己（N51）日_ 方_ 水_