高考-动词知识点梳理(共5页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 第八讲 动词和动词词组思维导图:动词考点：时态，语态，非谓语动词，主谓一致动词的分类: 实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词的用法动词的分类：实义动词、助动词、系动词、情态动词动词的基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词动词的用法： 1. 实义动词的用法： 及物动词带宾语，有被动语态 不及物动词不带宾语，没有被动语态 1）及物动词及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语，或者复合宾语（接一个宾语的同时再接一个补语）常见的跟单宾语的及物动词Accept, borrow, bury, cover, defeat, discover, eat, excite, forget, guess, put, please, surprise, enjoy, worry等Do you intend to accept the gift?常见的跟双宾语的及物动词Bring, buy, feed, find, get, give, hand, lend, make, offer, pass, show, teach, tell等。一般间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果直接宾语在前，那么在间接宾语前加介词to或for如： we showed the visitors our new products. =we showed our new product to the visitors.A. 直接宾语位于间接宾语之前时，常用介词to作搭配的动词有： Accord, advance, award, bring, deal, forward, give, grant, hand, lease, leave,lend, loan, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, post, read, rent, repay, sell. Send, serve, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write.B. 直接宾语在前， 常与介词for搭配的动词有 book, buy, bring, build, cook, cash, cut, design, fetch, find, fix, get, guarantee, keep, leave, make, mix, order, paint, pick, play, pour, prepare, set, reserve, save, secure, sing, spare, take, win, write等C. 有一些动词不能接to或for，只能放在直接宾语前 Allow, ask, bet, cause, charge, cost, deny,draw, envy, forgive, promise, refuse等She wished them a safe journey.她祝你们一路平安。I envy you good luck.我羡慕你的好运。常见的跟宾语补足语的及物动词 A.可跟形容词或形容词短语做宾补的动词有 Believe, consider, declare, drive, find, get, imagine, judge, keep, leave, make, think. We all believe him honest and kind. B. 可跟名词或名词短语做宾补的动词有 Call, consider, choose, elect, find, keep, make, name The parents named the baby Ella. We consider him a strange person. C.可跟带to的不定式结构做宾语的动词有 Advise, allow, ask, except, get, invite, order, tell, teach, wish, warn, want. She advised us to discuss the report immediately 2) 不及物动词不及物动词是本身意思完整，后面不需要加宾语的实义动词。不及物动词没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：go, come, happen, lie, listen, rise, arrive, fall等。It happened in June, 1932.2. 系动词： 连系动词又称系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，后面需跟系表结构说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。全系动词：be动词(am is are , waswere 完全没意思)半系动词: 既像实义动词有意思，又像系动词后跟形容词 分为感官类: look, sound, taste, smell, feel用来说明主语”感觉上”的状况 My job is teaching English.变化类: get, turn, go, become, grow,come, fall说明主语变成什么样 He became mad after that.保持类: keep, stay, remain,last, lie, stand 表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度。 He always kept silent at the meeting.表象类: seem, look, appear用来表示“看起来像”这一概念 He seems <to be) very sad.终止类: prove, turn out 表示主语已经停止动作。 I think it would prove impossible for me to mend the broken vase.我想要让我补好这个花瓶是不可能的。3. 助动词的用法： 助动词是协助主要动词构成谓语的动词。助动词本身没有词义不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语，表示时态，语态，疑问和否定。必须与动词原形或分词构成合成谓语，不能单独做谓语。 常见助动词如下表：助动词作用Do, does, didDo:用于一般现在时、一般过去时的“否定，疑问，强调，倒装”句型中Be: is, am, are, was, were, have, been, beingBe: 与现在分词构成进行时，与过去分词构成被动语态Have, has, had, have had, havingHave: 与过去分词构成完成时Will, would, shall, shouldShall, will :与动词原形构成将来时4. 情态动词的用法：主要用来表示说话人的语气，情态等。主要有：can, could, may, might, must, should, need, have to, ought to dare等，表示说话人的语气或情态，表示有能力，义务，必要，猜测，允诺，愿望等。情态动词不能单独做谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。5. 延续性动词和非延续性动词1）延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。有: contain, have, hold, lie, live, make, sit, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait, wear, work 等此外，表示状态，情感，思维等动词如believe, consider. Hate, hope, know, like, love, respect, think, understand, wish 等也属于延续性动词。表示状态和延续性动作时必须要用延续性动词。This book has been put on the desk for a week.<误> 改成lying正确2） 非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成的，有add, admit, answer, arrive, ask, attack, begin, break, bring, buy, catch, close, come, die, discover, fall, do, leave, open, put on, sell, start, marry, stop, return, take off.等When did she know my email address? <误> 改为 get to know.3) 区别 延续性动词可以用表示一段时间的状语修饰，而非延续性动词不能。 How long can i keep the book? They will work here till next Friday. 延续性动词可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中，而非延续性动词不能。While I came home, she was cooking dinner.<误> 改为when4) 常用的延续性动词和非延续性动词的对照：词义非延续性动词延续性动词买buyhave借borrowkeep到达arrivestay得知learnknow穿Put onwear放置putlie结婚marryBe married认识Get to knowknow回来Come backBe back离开leaveBe away站起Stand upsand死dieBe dead坐下Sit downsit6. 动词词组定义: 一些动词常与名词,副词,介词搭配构成固定的动词词组表达固定的词义,其作用相当于医德动词,成为短语动词.常用动词可以构成多个动词词组, 有时一个词组也有几种意义.如: look for, looke into, look after, look forward to, look down upon, look up and down, look at, look back, look around, look out, look ahead, look alike, look in, look on, look over, look through 等。Look through：1）examine：查找 He looked through the papers for points to see if there was an advertisement fot the job suitable for him.他在报纸中找是否有合适他做的工作。2）look at without seeming to notice.浏览He is waiting for the boss outside the offoce, looking through a magzine. 他在办公室外等老板，一边在翻一本杂志。动词词组的主要类型及用法：1） 动词+介词这类动词词组均为及物动词，宾语放在介词之后+ at: look, stare, glare, aim, shoot, knock, laugh, call, arrive.+for: look, call, ask, wait, answer, care, pay.+after: look, go.+on: insist, cll, depend.+ to: listen, reply, move, get, apologize, belong, add, refer, talk, admit, turn, stick+ with: agree, talk, begin, start, begin, fill, deal.+ of: think, hear, learn, dream of, die.+ from: hear, learn, protect, prevent, suffer, come, die.+in: spend, succeed, arrive.+ into：change, dip, move,turn,run .+about: hear, know, learn, ask, worry, care.非谓语动词：专心-专注-专业