六年级上册英语知识点归纳(共14页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上六年级上册英语知识点归纳1、一般过去时l 一般过去时的概念一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.l 一般过去时的形式be动词的一般过去时形式be动词的一般过去时的构成是“主语+be(was/were)+其他”.例如:I was ill yesterday. 我昨天生病了.The boys were happy last weekend. 男孩们上周末很开心.实义动词的一般过去时形式实义动词的一般过去时的构成是“主语+动词的过去式+其他”.例如:She went shopping last Sunday. 她上周日去购物了.I caught a big fish on the farm last weekend. 我上周末在农场抓了一条大鱼.l 一般过去时的句型肯定句:“主语+谓语动词的过去式+其他”.例如:It was rainy yesterday. 昨天下雨了.We had a picnic last week. 上周我们去野餐了.否定句:“主语 +was/were +not+ 其他”或者“主语+didn't+谓语动词原形+其他”.例如:It wasn't rainy yesterday. 昨天没下雨.We didn't have a picnic last week. 上周我们没有去野餐.一般疑问句及回答:“Was/Were+主语+其他”或者“Did+主语+谓语动词原形+其他”,其肯定回答分别为“Yes,主语+did”或“Yes,主语+was/were”,否定回答分别为“No,主语+didn't”或“No,主语+wasn't/weren't”.例如:Was it rainy yesterday? 昨天下雨了吗?Yes, it was. 是的,下雨了.Did you have a picnic last week? 你们上周去野餐了吗?No, we didn't. 不,我们没有去. l 一般过去时的用法表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常与just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week/month/year, two years ago, in 1980等表示过去的时间状语连用.例如:I am a student two years ago. 两年前我是一名学生.表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或过去经常存在的状态,常与always, usually, often, sometimes 等表示频度的时间状语连用.例如:She always helped her mother with the housework last year. 去年她总帮她妈妈做家务.表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,这些动作发生的时间不太清楚,但实际上是过去发生的.例如:He worked in the shop for two years. 他在商店里工作了两年.用于叙述性文字(如故事、小说、童话等)或谈到已故的人时.例如:Long long ago, there was a lion. 很久很久以前,有一只狮子.Lu Xun was a great writer. 鲁迅是一位伟大的作家.2.动词的过去式l 规则动词的过去式如下表所示构成规则例词一般在动词后面直接加-edjump-jumped, help-helped, walk-walked, laugh-laughed, point-pointed, shout-shouted, show-showed, look-looked, walk-walked, work -worked, play-played , wanted-wanted, act-acted以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加-dlive-lived, like-liked, close-closed, move-moved, taste-tasted, hope-hoped 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加-edstudy-studied, carry-carried, cry-cried, copy-copied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,应双写这个辅音字母后再加-eddrop-dropped, stop-stopped, plan-plannedl 不规则动词的过去式,需要靠记忆,平时多积累,常见的有:get-got, forget-forgot;meet-met, feed-fed;drive-drove, ride-rode, write-wrote;draw-drew, grow-grew, know-knew, throw-threw;begin-began, drink-drank, give-gave, ring-rang, sing-sang, sit-sat, swim-swam;keep-kept, sleep-slept, sweep-swept;break-broke, speak-spoke;sell-sold, tell-told; stand-stood, understand-understood; bring-brought, buy-bought, think-thought, catch-caught, teach-taught; can-could, shall-should, will-would -came, -became; hear-heard, say-said, mean-meant; let-let, must-must, put-put, read-read; go-went, do-did, have/has-had, take-took, run-ran, , steal-stole, am/is-was, are-were, see-saw, wake-woke, can-could, fly-flew, eat-ate, make-made, build-built, fall-fell, feel-felt, find-found, hold-held, leave-left, may-might, wear-wor,lose-lost等等.3. 过去式“-ed”的发音规则l 动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音,want wanted (要) need needed (需要)l 动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音. help helped (帮助) laugh laughed (笑) look looked (看)kiss kissed (吻) wash washed (洗) watch watched (注视) l 动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音.call called (叫) staystayed (停留) crycried (哭)4. There be句型的过去式 There be句型的过去式结构为:“There was/were+名词(短语)+地点状语/时间状语.”例如: Long long ago, there was a king. 很久以前,有一位国王. There was a parrot show in the park. 公园里有一场鹦鹉秀. There were black clouds in the sky. 天上有些乌云.5.字母组合ar在单词中的发音,/a:/card, arm, hard, park, party 等等6.名词的所有格名词中表示所属关系的形式叫名词的所有格,意为“的”.它有两种类型:“-'s所有格”和“of所有格”-'s所有格在名词的后面加“-'s”构成,常用来表示生命的事物的所有格.其构成方法如下:l 一般在单数名词的词尾加“-'s”.如:Su Yang's pen 苏阳的钢笔,the boy's jacket这个男孩的夹克衫l 不以-s结尾的复数名词,直接加“-'s”.如:Women's Day 妇女节,the children's bikes孩子们的自行车l 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“'”.如:the students' books 学生们的书,Teachers' Day 教师节l 两个人或多个人分别拥有某物时,要在每个人的名字后面加“-'s”.如:Su Hai's and Su Yang's rooms苏海和苏阳的房间(两人分别拥有一个房间).两个人或多个人共同拥有某物时,只在最后一个人的名字后面加“'s”.如:Su Hai and Su Yang's rooms苏海和苏阳的房间(两人共同拥有一个房间)l 表示公共场所、营业场所或某人的家时,名词所有格后面常常不出现被修饰的名词.如:We are going to my grandmother's for dinner tomorrow.我们明天将去奶奶家吃晚饭.l 表示国家、城市、团体、时间、距离、重量、价格等名称的所有格的构成方式与表示人的所有格形式相同.如:five minutes' walk 步行五分钟的路程,six pounds' weight六磅重.of所有格无生命的名词,所有格一般用“of所有格”表示.结构为“名词+of+名词”,一般前者属于后者.如:the name of the film 这部电影的名字,the stories of Lei Feng 雷锋的故事.“-'s所有格”和“of所有格”的互换在表示有生命的名词的所有格时,“-'s所有格”和“of所有格”常可以互换使用.如:the girl's name=the name of the girl.名词的双重所有格代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,each,other,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词时,必须使用双重所有格.构成方式是“a/an/this/that/+名词+of+名词性物主代词”.如:a friend of mine 我的一位朋友,a pencil of hers 她的一支铅笔.7.人称代词l 人称代词是指为了避免重复,用来代替前面提到过的人、动物或事物名称的词.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,如下表所示. 数人称 格单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheherititl 人称代词的主格在句中作主语.如:I am doing my homework.我正在做作业.They often go swimming in summer.夏天他们经常去游泳.l 人称代词的宾格在句中做动词或介词的宾语.如:My classmate often helps me with my English.我的同学经常帮我学英语.The flowers are for her.这些花是给她的l 人称代词的宾格在句中作表语.如:It's me. 是我.Who's the boy in the photo?照片里的男孩是谁?8.物主代词l 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,它实际上是人称代词的所有格形式.根据其句法作用,物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.物主代词有人称和数的变化,如下表所示. 数人称 类别单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsitsl 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,在句中作定语,后面跟名词.如:my room 我的房间,his book 他的书,her glasses 她的眼镜l 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,具有名词的性质,在句中不能作定语,可作主语、宾语、表语.如:This isn't her bike.Hers is over there.这不是她的自行车,她的在那边. The yellow jacket is mine.这件黄色的夹克衫是我的. 9.重点短语the king's new clothes 皇帝的新衣;long long ago 很久以前; turn into 变成; new clothes 新衣服; one day 某一天; makefor 为制作; try on试穿; clever people 聪明的人; foolish people 愚蠢的人;walk through 走过; a lot of people 许多人;in the street 在街道上; beautiful clothes 漂亮的衣服;a little boy 一个小男孩;point at 指着;play a game 玩游戏;tell a story 讲故事;each student 每个学生; on the mountain 在山上; the next sentence 下一句;an old man一位老人;live in 居住在; think hard 认真思考; have to 不得不10.重点句型Long long ago, there was a king. 很久以前,有一位国王.The king was happy. 国王很开心.He liked new clothes. 他喜欢新衣服.One day, two men visited the king. 一天,两位男士拜访了国王.We can make for . 我们能为 制作 The two men showed the king his new clothes. 那两个男士给国王看他的新衣服.Please try on 请试穿 What beautiful clothes!多么漂亮的衣服呀!It's one's turn. 轮到某人.Unit 2 What a day!1.感叹句l 感叹句一般由what或how引导,句末用感叹号,朗读时读降调.l 由what引导的感叹句what在感叹句中修饰名词,由what引导的感叹句有三种结构. “What a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!(其中主语和谓语可以省略).”如:What a beautiful house(it is)! 多么漂亮的一个房子啊!. “What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!(其中主语和谓语可以省略).”如:What big apples (they are)! 多么大的苹果啊!.“What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!(其中主语和谓语可以省略).”如:What delicious food(it is)! 多么美味的食物啊!l 由how引导的感叹句how在感叹句中做状语,一般修饰形容词或副词,how引导的感叹句主要有两种结构:. “How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”如:How beautiful the flowers are! 这些花多么美啊!. “How+主语+谓语!”如:How time flies! 光阴似箭!2.天气What was the weather like in this morning?/How was the weather in this morning? 今天早上天气怎么样?It was sunny/cloudy/windy/snowy/rainy. 天气晴朗/多云/有风/有雪/有雨.3.做什么事情的时候到了有两种句型.It's time for sth.如:It's timefor dinner. 吃饭的时候到了.It's time to do sth.如:It's time to have dinner. 吃饭的时候到了.4. 常见的不可数名词(平时多积累)milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;water 水;rain 雨;coffee 咖啡;tea 茶; rice 米饭;air 客气;smoke 烟;soup 汤;coal煤;oil 油;energy 能源;ice 冰;bread 面包;wood 木头;homework 家庭作业;fruit 水果;snow 雪;wind 风;paper 纸;soap 肥皂;grass 草;meat 肉;chalk 粉笔;hair 头发;food 食物;news 新闻;honey 蜂蜜;5.序数词构成l 序数词是表示顺序先后的数词,表示第几,序数词前面要加the,如on the first/second/third floor,在第一/二/三层.l 1-19的序数词除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third),第五(fifth),第八(eighth),第九(ninth),第十二(twelfth)变化不规则外,其余均在基数词后加-th.如:fourfourth,sixsixthl 以 y结尾的表示十位的整数,要先将y变成i再加-eth.如:thirtythirtieth,fortyfortiethl 几十几的序数词,只要把个位变成序数词,十位数不变.如:twenty-onetwenth-first,fifty-eightfifty-eighthl 一百以上的序数词,只要将末尾的基数词变成序数词就可以,前面其他的数字仍然是基数词.如 one hundred and twenty-fiveone hundred and twenty-fifthl 巧学妙计 加-th从4起, 逢5逢12 -ve变f, 8少t,9去e, 遇到整十数 -y变ie, 若是几十几,前基后序别忘记.6.字母组合ear在单词中的发音,/dear, hear, near,year,nearly 等等7.重点短语climb up 爬上; hold onto 抓紧;fly away 飞走; go to the park 去公园;fly kites 放风筝; a parrot show一场鹦鹉秀;interesting parrots 有趣的鹦鹉; in the sky 在天空中;some drinks一些饮料;on the bread在面包上;look sad看上去很难过;my new kite我的新风筝;fly too high 飞得太高; near the hill 在小山附近8.重点句型What happened?出什么事了?What's the matter? 怎么啦?It was sunny/cloudy/windy/snowy/rainy. 天气晴朗/多云/有风/有雪/有雨.The weather became windy and cloudy. 天气变得多云有风.It was time for 该是的时候了.What a day! 这是怎样的一天呀!Unit 3 Holiday fun1.语调英语语调一般可分为升调()和降调().升调()用于一般疑问句、选择疑问句的前半句、语气很客气婉转或表示请求的祈使句中.例如:Are they () cooks?(一般疑问句)Close the door (), please!(表示请求的祈使句)Is he your () uncle or your father?(选择疑问句的前半句).降调()一般用于陈述句、特殊疑问句、表示命令的祈使句、选择疑问句的后半句和感叹句中.例如:He's () a teacher.(陈述句)where do you () live?(特殊疑问句)Is he your uncle or your() father?(选择疑问句的后半句)What a beautiful () flower!(感叹句)2.一般过去式的一般疑问句详见Unit1-13.关于假期的一些疑问句What did you do for the holiday?假期你做什么啦?I visited the Shanghai Museum. 我参观了上海博物馆.Where did he go for the holiday?假期他去哪了?He went to a farm.他去了农场.How was your holiday?你假期过得怎么样?It was great fun. 很有趣4.月份、星期与季节l Monday 星期一;Tuesday星期二;Wednesday星期三;Thursday星期四;Friday 星期五;Saturday 星期六;Sunday星期日l January一月;February二月;March三月;April四月;May五月;June六月;July七月;August八月;September九月;October十月;November十一月;December十二月;l spring春;summer夏;autumn秋;winter冬5.重点短语National day国庆节; Great wall 长城;at first 开始,最初;Shanghai Museum 上海博物馆; Palace Museum 故宫;Summer Palace 颐和园;Tian'anmen Square 天安门广场;fashion show 时装表演,时装秀;go well 进展顺利;heavy rain 大雨;回来;at home 在家;interesting things 有趣的东西;our family 我们一家人; go to a farm 去农场;pick some oranges 摘些橘子; go fishing 去钓鱼; catch fish 捉鱼; a big fish 一条大鱼;call me 打电话给我;回家; beautiful clothes 漂亮的衣服;be excited about 因而兴奋;a paper T-shirt 一件纸T恤衫; ask about 询问关于;a lot of bottles 许多瓶子;too bad太糟糕;6.重点句型What did you/he do during the holiday?你/他在节日期间做了什么?Where did you go for the holiday?你去哪里度假的?I went to and visited 我去并参观了I saw many interesting things. 我看到了许多有趣的东西.How was your holiday?你假期过得怎么样?It was great fun. 很有趣She is excited about the show. 她因为这个表演而很兴奋.Unit 4 Then and now1.一般过去时详见Unit1-12.一般现在时l 一般现在时的概念一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态.l 一般现在时的形式be动词的一般现在时形式be动词的一般现在时的构成是“主语+be(am/is/are)+其他”.例如:I am a policeman.我是一名警察.He is tall and strong.他又高又壮.We are students.我们是学生实义动词的一般现在时形式实义动词的一般现在时的构成是“主语+动词原形/动词的三人称单数形式+其他”.例如:I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学.Wang Bing runs very fast. 王兵跑得很快.l 一般过去时的句型肯定句:“主语+谓语动词(动词原形或动词的三人称单数形式)+其他”.例如:They are at home.他们在家里.He sings very well.他唱歌唱得很好.否定句:“主语 +be not+ 其他”或者“主语+can't/don't/doesn't+谓语动词原形+其他”.谓语动词是be动词或者“情态动词+实义动词”时,在be动词或者情态动词后面加not构成否定句;谓语是实义动词原形时,在动词前面加don't;谓语动词是实义动词的第三人称单数时,在动词前加doesn't,并把动词还原成动词原形.例如:I'm not a worker.我不是工人.They don't like singsing.他们不喜欢唱歌.She doesn't want to go there.她不想去那儿.一般疑问句及回答:“Be+主语+其他”或者“Do/Does/Can+主语+谓语动词原形+其他”,谓语动词是be动词或者情态动词时,把be动词或者情态动词放到主语前面;谓语是实义动词原形时,在主语前面加Do;谓语动词是实义动词的第三人称单数时,在主语前加Does,并把谓语动词还原成动词原形,句末用问号结尾.例如:Is he a doctor? 他是医生吗?Yes, he is./No, he isn't. 是的,他是的./不,他不是的.Do you have a brother or sister? 你有兄弟或姐妹吗?Yes, I do./No, I don't. 是的,我有./不,我没有.Does your aunt work there? 你阿姨在那儿工作吗?Yes, she does./No, she doesn't. 是的,她在那儿工作./不,她不在那儿工作. l 一般现在时的用法表示经常性、习惯性的动作,常与always、usually、often、sometimes、every morning/evening/night/day/week,at noon/night,on Sundays等时间状语连用.例如:The boy is always late for school.这个男孩总是上学迟到.I visit my grandparents every week.我每周都去看望我的爷爷奶奶.表示现在的状态、能力、性格、特征、职业等.例如:The girl dances well. 那个女孩舞跳得好.I like running.我喜欢跑步.表示客观事实或普遍、永恒的真理.例如:.春去夏来.The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转.用在格言或警句中.例如:Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败.表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作,主要用于表示“移动”的动词或短语,如go,leave,start,begin,arrive,take off,be等.此句中常有表示将来的时间状语.例如:There is a concert in the school tomorrow afternoon.明天下午学校有一场音乐会.The plane takes off this evening.飞机将于今天傍晚起飞.3.动词的第三人称单数形式动词的第三人称单数形式是在一般现在时态时第三人称单数做主语时所使用的动词形式,他的构成如下表所示.注意:have-has.构成规则例词一般情况下在动词词尾直接加-s构成work-works,help-helps,make-makes,take-takes,like-likes,run-runs,live-lives,chat-chats,play-plays,visit-visits以s,x,sh,ch,以及“辅音字母+o”结尾的单词在词尾加-esteach-teaches,pass-passes,fix-fixes,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes,do-does以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加-esstudy-studies,fly-flies,cry-cries4. 字母组合er在单词中的发音,/mother, teacher, worker, sister, summer, winter 等等5.重点短语then and now过去和现在;mobile phone移动电话手机;make friends交朋友;all over the world 全世界;do shopping 购物;look out of 朝外看;go on 继续;make a sentence 造句;six years ago 六年前;do many things 做许多事;write letters to 给写信;in the office 在办公室;write emails 写电子邮件;listen to the radio 听收音机;read newspapers 看报纸;on the Internet 在因特网上;read e-books 看电子书;at school 在学校;buy things 买东西;an English lesson 一堂英语课;listen to me 听我讲;get angry 变得生气;wait for 等待,等候;in the cake 在蛋糕里;6.重点句型ago,he/she 前,他/她Now,he/she 现在,他/她What day is today? 今天是星期几It's Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday.今天星期一/二/三/四/五/六/日.She does shopping on the Internet too. 她也在网上购物.Unit 5 Signs1.常见公共标识的英文表达No eating or drinking请勿饮食;No littering请勿乱扔垃圾;No parking请勿停车;Parking停车场;No smoking 请勿吸烟;Danger!危险!;Wet floor 小心地滑;Traffic lights 交通灯; Red man 红灯;Green man 绿灯;Restaurant 饭店;School学校;No swimming 禁止游泳;2. 字母组合ir在单词中的发音,/:/bird, girl, birthday, dirty, skirt, shirt 等等3.重点短语shopping centre 购物中心;go in进入,走进;walk on 继续走路;be careful 小心;a juice shop 一家果汁店;eat some noodles 吃一些面条;in a restaurant 在一家饭店;that sign那个标识;on an outing 在远足;in the forest 在森林里;feel tired感觉累了;look for 寻找;on a tree在树上;a lot of monkeys 许多猴子;look at 看着4.重点句型What does it mean?它是什么意思?It means 它的意思是No eating or drinking/littering/parking/smoking 请勿饮食/乱扔垃圾/停车/吸烟.You can/can't 你可以/不能You can't take your juice into the shop. 你不能把果汁带到店里.Can you see that sign? 你能看到那个标识吗?Is someone smoking? 有人在吸烟吗?Please don't smoke here. 请不要在这儿吸烟.Unit 6 Keep our city clean1.句子的升调和降调详见Unit3-12.重点短语move away from 从搬走;pickup 捡起,拾起;these pictures 这些图片;our city 我们的城市;black smoke 黑色的烟雾;in the water 在水里;keepclean 保持干净;take the bus 乘公共汽车;walk to school 步行上学;walk home 步行回家;in the bin 在垃圾桶里;plant trees 植树;well done 干得好;after school放学后;live in the city 住在城市里;many museum许多博物馆;on the ground 在地面上; too late 太迟了;go to hospital 去医院看病;putin 把放到里;3.重点句型What makesdirty/messy?什么使变得脏/乱?What can we do to? 我们能为做些什么呢?We can 我们能Somke from cars makes the air dirty.汽车的尾气使得空气变脏.We can move away from 我们能把从搬走.We can put rubbish in the bin. 我们能把垃圾放在垃圾桶里.I like living in the city. 我喜欢住在城市里.Bobby throws a banana skin on the ground. 波比把香蕉皮扔到了地上.Unit 7 Protect the Earth1. 字母组合oo在单词中的发音,/u:/school, cool, classroom, afternoon, food, room, zoo 等等2. Earth Day与World Environment DayEarth Day is on 22nd April. 4月22日是世界地球日.World Environment Day is on 5th June. 6月5日是世界环境日3.on the tree和in the tree表示树上本身结的果实,用介词on;表示鸟、动物等在树上,用介词in.4.重点短语从来,来自;cut down 砍伐,砍掉;too many 太多;save