牛津译林英语中考总复习-短语句型篇(共11页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上牛津英语中考复习专题-短语和句型1. nice adj 1) 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的，令人满意的 eg. Did you have a nice holiday? Its nice doing sth .做什么事很愉快 Its nice to do sth. 做什么事很愉快 Its nice + that +从句 做什么事很愉快2）好心的，友好的 be nice / friendly to sb对某人友好 be kind to sb 对某人和蔼2. answer questions/ replay to questions 回答问题 solve problems 解决问题 deal with / do with problems 处理，解决问题 用 how 对deal with 进行提问； 用 what 对do with 进行提问3. 区别 look, see, watch, notice，read look 看；因想看而投注目光，不管结果如何指看的动作，后不能接名词应 look at + n see 看到，看见；强调看的结果 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事的全过程 see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 watch 看，观看；特别留意，感兴趣地看运动着的东西 watch sb do sth看见某人做某事的全过程 watch sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 watch TV/ films/ football match/ basketball match/ show notice 看到，注意到，觉察到，偶尔看到细小但可能是重要的东西 read 主要强调“读，阅读，朗读”多指读书，看报，信，杂志4. 有关look的短语 look after = take care of 照顾，照看 have a look = take a look 看一看 have a look at +n = take a look at+ n 看一看某物 look up 查阅资料，字典 look down on/ upon 看不起，轻视 look for 寻找（着重寻找的过程）look out of从向外看 look out at sth 向外看某物 look into 调查 look over 检查 look up and down 上下打量 look up 向上看 look down 向下看5. borrow，lend&keep的辨析 1) borrow指相对的主语“借入”， borrow sth from sb 从某人那借来某物 2）lend指相对的主语“借出”lend sth to sb / lend sb sth 借给某人某物 3）keep 指“保存，借”不带有方向性，长表示把借来的东西保存多久，与一段时间状语连用。 Tip: borrow，lend是短暂性动词不能与一段时间状语连用。6.good,well & nice 1) good adj 好的，合适的，擅长的 be good at sth/ doing sth = do well in 擅长于干某事be good for 对有益 2）well adj 指身体健康的 adv 为good的副词形容修饰行为意为“好的”3）nice adj 美好的，令人愉快的，可爱的 be nice / / friendly to sb对某人友好7.some & any 1) some 表示“一些，若干”，一般只用于肯定句中，但也可用于表示请求，邀请，希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句中 2）any 意为“一些”时，一般用于否定句和疑问句中 3）any 意为“任何的，任何一个的”，any + n (单数) 表示“任一”（哪一个并不重要） any + n (复数) 表示“任何的” eg. I havent read any books by Luxun. 我没有看过鲁迅的书。 Tom is taller than any other student in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的。（汤姆比他班的任何一个人都高）8. thank you / thanks for + n / v-ing 因而感谢， 其答语有 youre welcome,/ Thats all right./ Thats OK./ Its my pleasure./ Not at all. thanks to.由于，多亏 thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的帮忙 thanks for one's help 谢谢某人的帮助9.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 enjoy sb/sth 喜欢某人、某物 like to do sth / like doing sth 喜欢做某事 love todo sth/ love doing sth 喜欢做某事10. enjoy oneself = have a good time = have a great time = have a fantastic time = have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快11. have a + adj + time doing sth 做某事时很 have a great time doing sth = have fun doing sth 做某事很高兴 have time to do sth 有时间做某事 have sth to do sth 有做某事 have + n/pron + 过去分词 找、让某人做某事12. make sb do sth / let sb do sth 使，让某人做某事 Sb be made to do sth 某人被叫做某事 make + n/ pron + adj 使，让某人/物处于某种状态 keep + n/ pron + adj使，让某人/物保持某种状态 find + n/ pron + adj发现某人/物处于某种状态13.形容词以-ing 结尾，则表示某物或某人本身怎样；以-ed 结尾的，则表示某人感到怎样；此类形容词有exciting / excited , surprising/ surprised, worrying/ worried , satisfying / satisfied , tiring/ tired , relaxing/ relaxed, intersting/ intersted , boring/ bored . be excited about 对 感到兴奋，高兴 be surprised at sth/ sb 对感到很吃惊，很惊讶in surprise 惊奇地（作状语） be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be worried about sb / sth 对担心，担忧，发愁 be satisfied with sth /sb 对某人，物感到很满意 be tired of sb/ sth/ doing sth 对某人/事、做某事感到厌烦 look/ feel/ seem relaxed about sth （对某事）看起来，感到，似乎很轻松 be intersted in = take / show / have interste in 对感兴趣 be bored with 对 很厌烦14.alone adj 独自一人（无感情色彩，只是陈述事实）在句中只做表语 lonely adj 孤独的，寂寞的（形容人感到孤独寂寞，带有感情色彩）15. pleased adj 满意的，愉快的 （用于表示人的感受） pleasant adj 使人愉快的（形容事物的客观本质）pleasure n 愉快，快乐，高兴 be pleased with sb /sth 对某人、事感到欣喜的，满意的 be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事 its ones pleasure to do sth 做某事是某人的荣幸16. be busy with / at sth 忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事17.health n 健康 （不可数名词）be in good/ bad health 身体好、身体不好 healthy adj 健康的 其反义词 unhealthy keep healthy = keep fit保持健康 healthily adv 健康地18.stop to do sth 意为“停下（正在做的事情）去做其他的事” stop doing sth 意为 “停止（正在）做的事情” forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记已经做过的事 remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth 记得已经做过的事 go on doing sth = keep on doing sth = carry on doing sth 继续做某事（同一件事） go on to do sth 接着干别的事19. make A out of B 用B制造A make sth for sb 为某人制造某物 do sth for sb为某人做某事 be made of sth 由制造（看得出原材料）be made from sth由制造（看不出原材料） be made by sb 由某人制造20. a kind of 一种 a cup of 一杯（茶，咖啡） a glass of 一杯（玻璃杯） a bottle of 一杯 a tin of 一听 a kilo of 一公斤 a carton of 一盒 a bag of 一包 a packet of 一包 a basket of 一篮 a piece of 一片 a bowl of 一碗 这些量词后可接可数与不可数名词，要表示复数的时候若后接的是不可数名词只需把量词变为复数eg. Two bags of rice 但若后接的是可数名词两者都要变化eg. Two bags of books21. listen 指的是听的动作，过程。是一个不及物动词后不能直接加宾语 应用 listen to hear 指的是听的结果，内容 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事的全过程 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事22. voice 指人的声音，有时也可指鸟叫的声音 sound 是声音的总称，指可听到的一切声音 noise 指的是不悦耳的“噪音，喧闹声”23. aloud adv 只表示“发出声音”它长和动词read ,speak 连用，表示把话说出来而不是在脑子里默默地说。没有比较级和最高级。 loudly adv 大声地，嘈杂地 loud adv 与loudly 同义 adj 大声的24.say 强调说的具体内容 eg .can you say the story in English ? speak 指说话的能力，后经常跟语言的种类 eg. Can you speak English ? tell 告诉，讲诉 tell sb about sth 告诉某人有关有事 tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 talk 交谈，谈话 talk with sb 与某人交谈 talk to sb 给某人说（侧重于一方说，别一方在听）talk abou sth 谈论某事25. try on 试穿 on 是副词，若是代词一定放于两词之间 eg. Can I try them on ? dress 穿（衣服），打扮，化妆 dress sb 给某人穿衣服 dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服 dress up 乔装打扮，盛装出席 be dressed in + 衣服 / 颜色 = be in + 衣服 / 颜色 表示穿着（状态） wear表示穿着（状态）用于现在进行时，表示现在正穿着 用于一般现在时，表示经常穿着 戴眼镜，首饰，项链都是用wear来表示 wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽 常用于被动语态。其P.P为wornput on 强调穿衣，戴帽的动作26. laugh at + n/ pron/ v-ing 嘲笑 smile at sb 向某人微笑27. sb pay + 金钱 + for sth 某人为付钱 Sb spend + 时间/ 金钱 + on sth Sb spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth It takes sb + 时间 /金钱 + to do sth 28. instead adv 代替 单独使用，放于句首或句末 instead of + n/ pron/v-ing 介词短语 意为“代替而不是”放于句中29.in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在（这家）医院里30. ill & sick 都是形容词，都表示生病的，但是ill 不能修饰名词作定语，它在句中只能做表语 eg . my brother is ill / sick. The sick boy is my brother.31.would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事 Would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 Would you like to do sth? 的肯定回答是yes, Id like to .32.hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope + 从句 希望 wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事33. be like 像 主要指性格，品质或是外貌 look like 看起来像，只是指外貌上像34. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人，某物 be afraid of doing sth = be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 Im afraid that + 从句 我恐怕. 35. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为.作准备get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入，收集get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，.进展顺利 36. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴 have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of). 喝一杯. have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭 have.for lunch 午饭吃.have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 37. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为Btake sth. by mistake 错拿某物 38. make friends with 与.交朋友 make a team 组成一个队 make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a.sound 发.音 make tea 沏茶 make room for. 为.找出空间39. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉.turn sth. up/down 把.音量开大/小(电器，电话，煤气，自来水) turn A into B = change A into B把A变为B 注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间 40. try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth. 41. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射 send sth to sb = send sb sth 把某物寄给某人 42. hear from sb= receive a letter from sb 收到.的来信 hear of 听说 43. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去 hurry up 赶快 in a hurry赶快 44. 到达某地的几种表达法 get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 reach后不接宾语不能单独使用eg. Do you know when he will reach? (错误)arrive in/at +大/小地点 （后接副词，不用at/in） eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家 45. teach sb. English 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学 teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 46. 到.末为止 by the end of +过去时间 （用于过去完成时） by the end of +将来时间 （用于一般将来时） at the end of+地点 在.尽头 in the end= at last 最后，终于 at the beginning of 在的开端，开始 in the beginning 开始= at first 47. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 成百万的 数词/ several + hundred / thousand / million 几百，千，百万 48. much too+形容词副词原级 实在太. too much+不可数名词 相当多的. too many+可数名词的复数 49. be far away froma place/sb 远离某地 stop / prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事50. sell out 售完 卖完 on sell 打折 in sell 当季51. fall asleep 入睡（进入状态） get to sleep 入睡（还没睡着） go to bed 睡觉（指上床睡觉的动作）be asleep 熟睡52. hard adj 困难的，硬的，坚固的 adv 努力地，辛勤地 hardly adv 几乎不 hardly any +n. 几乎没有. 53. quite a/an+形容词名词 一个相当.eg. Two months is quite a long time. a very 形容词+名词eg. English is a very useful language. 54. finish doing sth. 做完某事 complete to do sth 完成某事 be always doing 老是干某事 55. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 56. agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 agree to do sth 同意做某事 agree on + 意见、建议的词 在某事上达成协议57. with one's help 在某人的帮助下 58.look for 寻找（着重指过程） find 寻找（着重指结果） find out （经过查询，研究）找到结果，发现秘密 search sb 搜身 search sp for sb/sth 为了搜查某人、物而搜寻某地59. a lot of = lots of 许多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词 many 许多，修饰可数名词 much许多，修饰不可数名词 a good / great many许多，修饰可数名词 plenty of 许多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词 a (large/ great) number of许多，修饰可数名词 large/ great numbers of许多，修饰可数名词 the number of 的数量60. a lot 用以修饰动词，形容词，副词61. little, a little 都用来修饰不可数名词 a little 有点儿（表示肯定意义）little 几乎没有（表示否定意义） few, a few都用来修饰可数名词 a few 有点儿（表示肯定意义）few 几乎没有（表示否定意义）62. a little / a bit + adj / 比较级 表示一点儿，稍微 a little + n a bit of + n 一点 not a bit = not at all 根本不，一点也不 not a little = very 非常63.across prep 横穿（从物体的表面穿过） go across = cross through prep 横穿（从物体的空间穿过） go through window/ door / forest 64.between 用于两个人，两件事之间，指“两者之间” among 用于三个或三个以上的人或物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些物之间，表示在之间65. other adj 其他的，别的，另外 ，常作定语 another pron 指不定数目中的另一个人或物意为“又一，再一” another + 数词+ 可数名词/ 不可数名词 others pron 另外的，其他的或别的人或事物，主要表示其中一部分而不是全部 the other 指两者或双方中的另一个人或物常用于 one the other the others 是 the other 的复数，属于特指，后不能跟名词 the others = the other + 可数名词的复数 指一个范围内的剩余全部。66. give sb sth = give sth to sb 把某物给某人 give sb a call 给打个电话 give a message to sb 捎短信给某人 give back = return 归还 give out 分发 give up 放弃 67.sometime 某时 some time 一段时间 sometimes 有时 some times 倍次68. neither nor 既不也不连接并列主语时，使用就近原则 either or 不是就是69.stay at home 呆在家里 stay in 呆在家里不出门 stay out 呆在外面不回家 stay up 熬夜 stay away (from sb/ sth) 与保持距离，不打扰70. change ones mind 改变主意 make up ones mind 作出决定 keep in mind 记住 Never mind 不要紧 mind ones doing sth 介意某人做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事71.too 也，用于肯定句句末 also 也，用于肯定句句中 either 也，用于否定句句末 as well as 也连词，连接两个并列主语时用就近原则72.have to do sth 不得不干某事（表示客观条件限制） must 必须 （一般表示主观看法）73.its time to do sth = its time for sth 该干了 做的时间到了74.advice n (不可数) take ones advice 接受某人的意见 give sb advice = give advice to sb 给某人意见 advise v 建议 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 suggestion n (可数) 75. decide to do sth 决定做某事76. worry about sb / sth = be worried about sb / sth 担心某人、某物77.start to do sth / begin to do sth / start doing sth / begin doing sth 开始做某事 start with = begin with 以开始78.drive sb to sp 开车载某人去某地79.be well- known / famous for 因而出名 be well- known / famous as 作为而出名80.take part in = join in 参加81.because + 从句 因为 because of + n/ pron/ v-ing 因为82.at the same time 同时 at times = sometimes = from time to time 有时83.work on 从事于，致力于 work out 计算出84.take care of = look after 照顾 take good care of = look after well 照顾好85.交通工具的表达 1) by + 交通工具 2）on / in + 修饰词+交通工具 3）动词+介词+地点 go to sp by bike go to sp by bus go to sp on a / the bike go to sp on /in a / the bus walk to ride to drive to fly to e ture （希望，预言等）实现，成为现实87.fall in love with sb 爱上某人 get on / along (well) with sb 与某人相处得很好 get on / along with sth 进展88. as + adj/ adv as possible 尽可能，尽量 as much as possible 尽可能多 as early as possible 尽可能早 as soon as possible 一就89. run away (from) (从) 逃走，突然离开 run out 用完，用尽90.hear about 听到关于某事物的消息 hear of sb/ sth 听说、知道某人、某物91.happen 指偶然，意外地发生某事 take place 指按照计划，安排发生某事 take place of sb/sth 取代，代替（某人，某事） 92. all the time 一直 at one time 曾经 at the same time 同时 at the time 在那时 on time 按时 in time 及时 at times = from timeto time = sometimes 有时93.表示提建议的句型 1）how about = what about + V-ing 2) why not = why dont sb + v 3) youd better + v 94. by the way 顺便说一下 lose ones way = get lost 迷路 on ones way to sp 在某人去某地的路上 on ones way home 在某人回家的路上in ones way 挡路 95.put out sth 使停止燃烧，扑灭96.make friends with sb 和某人交朋友 97.have problems doing sth 做某事有困难98.be sure to do sth = make sure to do sth 确信做某事 be sure of be sure that + 从句 确信.99.allow n/ v-ing 允许 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事100. be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格101.prefer + n / v-ing to + n/ v-ing 比起更喜欢 prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事 would rather do sth than do sth比起更喜欢 102. provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物= provide sth for sb 103.be willing to do sth 乐意做某事= be ready to do sth 104.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 be used for doing sth 被用来做某事 be used as 被当作.而使用重要句型和惯用法1.There be 结构 1)这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。 eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch. 2).There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。(就近原则) 3).there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be / there will be 4).反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there? 5) there be sb doing sth + 地点状语 某地某人做什么2.It's+时间+since动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。It's two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了)3.祈使句+and (那么).eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school. 5.祈使句+or否则.eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other 4. The+比较级.，the+比较级. 越.越. eg.The more, the better. 越多越好。 The harder you work on it, the better you'll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)5.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？) 6.What.do with.?怎样对付.?怎样处理.? = how deal with虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how. eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:I've just returned it to the library. 7.I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？ I don't know how to do. × 8.What.be like?.是什么样的？ eg.What's the weather like? 天气如何？What's your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？ 9.What.for?= why? 为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab? 10.one of +最高级复数 最.之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most