高考英语：非谓语动词考点(共3页).docx
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语：非谓语动词考点一、分类：动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点：1.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。2.Doing/To do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语，谓语用单数。二、动词不定式1、特点：表将来2、形式：基本型：to+动词原形(do)。被动式：to be done 完成时:to have done 进行时：to be doing3、句子功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾补)Eg: To catch the early train, youll have to get up early.(目的状语)I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语：意外结果)。This is very good music to dance to.(定语)It is necessary to learn English well.(主语，it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1)(为了避免重复)并列结构中第二个to：I want to get up early and read English.例外：前后表对比时，to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose ones life than to lose ones spirit.2) (为了避免重复)省去to后的不定式结构：Would you like to go shopping?Yes,Id like to.例外：to后有have/be时，保留be或haveDid you go shopping yesterday? No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义1)主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语(表性质的adj. + to do)2) 主+Vt + 宾语 + 宾补(adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词(代词)构成逻辑动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Cf: 主+ Vt+ 宾语+定语(to be done):不定式的执行者被省略，不是句子的主语。注: 1)主补中的不定式(to do)与主语，宾补中的不定式(to do)与宾语为逻辑动宾关系。2)常见的adj.: important, light, heavy, difficult, hard, easy, expensive, cheap, dangerous, impossible, comfortable, fit, pleasant, interesting, nice, etc.Eg: This bag is heavy to carry.This story is not interesting enough to publish.They found the question difficult to answer.Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?Cf: Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?三、动词的-ing形式1、特点：表现在、进行、主动2、形式：1)基本型：doing 2)被动式：being done 3)完成时：having done3、句子功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。4、Vt + doing: 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词admit(承认), appreciate(感激)，avoid(避免)，consider(考虑)，delay(延误)，dislike，enjoy，escape(逃避)，excuse(原谅)，feel like(想要)，finish，forgive(原谅)，give up, imagine(想像)，keep，mention(提及)，mind, miss,practise, put off, resist(抵抗)，risk, suggest, can't help(禁不住)，can't stand(无法忍受)5、V/adj.+to +(doing) sth: 带有介词to的动词(形容词短语)be/get used to(习惯于)，stick to(坚持)，give rise to(使.发生)，pay attention to(注意)，object to(反对)，lead to(导致), look forward to(期望)，look up to(尊敬), get down to(着手做)，devote oneself to(献身于)，contribute to(贡献，导致)Eg:1.It is no use arguing with him. (主语，it为形式主语)2.The meeting being held now is important. (定语)Cf:The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. (不定式作定语)The meeting held yesterday is important. (过去分词作定语)3.Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. (原因状语;表主动)对比: Seen from the top of the hill, the village appears beautiful. (过去分词)四、动词的过去分词1、特点：表被动、过去、完成。2、句子功能：定语、状语、补语、表语。Eg:He couldnt make himself understood. (宾补)The pach looked beautiful, covered with fallen leaves. (伴随状语)五、独立主格结构1、逻辑主语A + 非谓语动词，主语B + 谓语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，补上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构1)There being no buses, we went home on foot.2)Time permitting, Ill come to visit you.3) Homework done, he went to bed.2、with复合结构：with+宾语(名词代词)+宾补(adj/adv/介短/to do/doing/done)With the window open/closed, he fell asleep.3、adj复合结构：主语A + 谓语，逻辑主语B + 形容词(短语)He stared at me, his eyes bright with tears.专心-专注-专业
