高一必修一语法定语从句全面讲解(共3页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句一.关系代词:1、who, whom, that限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwhom/that(可省略)whose指物which/thatwhich/that(可省略)whose指人和物thatthatwhose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人whowhomwhose/of whom指物whichwhichwhose/of which二.关系副词:1、why:关系副词why主要用于修饰表原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如:We dont know the reason why he didnt show up. 与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略。如:Thats one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 2、when:关系when主要用于修饰表时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如:There comes a time when you have to make a choice. Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. Well put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. Dont forget the time Ive told you. 3.关系副词where主要用于修饰表地 点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如:This is the village where he was born. Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.He works in a factory makes TV sets.另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。如:We have reached a point where a change is needed. There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk all day. 关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。试比较:A. I know a place we can have a picnic. I know a place is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days we spent together. C. This is the reason he was dismissed. This is the reason he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 三.辨析限制性与非限制性定语从句:1.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 2.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 。3.China is a country which has a long history. 4.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 5.In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 6.Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 四.限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如:There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4当先行词被the very, the only ,the just修饰时。如:This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 5当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing by the gate? /Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.五、关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时,用法不尽相同,具体情况是:1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。如:He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实, 这一点我们看得出来。 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外,as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如:As is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。如:Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼火。1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时,关系词常用as。 如:Ive never heard such stories as he tells. /He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as he lent me last week. (同一类) 2.She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. (同一个)。 六、以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。如:The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 七、在定语从句中, all that 相当于引导名词性从句的what,例如: All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place. = what I know is that 八、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine you asked.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy I played tennis with yesterday. Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意: 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 。The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)2“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如:He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 专心-专注-专业