2016年初二英语现在完成时态的讲解及习题答案(共6页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上周末重难点 现在完成时的讲解和练习题一、 构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词+其他否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)二、 用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词？“曾经过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：for表示一段时间的词语 I have taught English for 19 years。since表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this schoolsince 1986.since表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:1、borrow / lendkeep, 2、buyhave, 3、finish / endbe over, 4、begin / startbe on 5、openbe open 6、 closebe closed, 7、diebe dead8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there,9、leavebe away（from） 10、go to schoolbe in school / be a student, 11、get upbe up, 12、fall asleepbe asleep 13、fall illbe ill 14、get to knowknow, 15、losebe lost 16、becomebe 17、begin to studystudy,18、return / come back / get backbe back 19、joinbe in / be amember,20、join the armybe in the army /be a soldier 21、receive / get a letterhave a letter 22、 catch / get a coldhave a coldEg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.Hehas been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to和have gone to的区have been to强调“曾经去过”，现已不在那里，已经回来了have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。2. have been to和have been in的区别have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语练习题I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. ( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know ( )2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better ( )6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying ( )7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish ( )11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( ) 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made ( )13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( ) 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began ( )15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was ( )16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been ( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they ( )19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university ( )21. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been( )22. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.( )23. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been( )24. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that( )25.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet( )26. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had( )27.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned( )28. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live( )29. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to( )30. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)  I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)    I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.四、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter?五、 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”参考答案： 一、单项选择。 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。 2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。 3、C 4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。 5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。 7、C 8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。 9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。 10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 专心-专注-专业