七年级英语语法:一般现在时及练习(共17页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上七年级一般现在时专讲专练(一)一般现在时的概念1. 表示目前的情况或状态。【例句】Were at school. 我们在上学。2. 表示主语所具备的性格、特征或能力。 【例句】 They speak English. 他们说英语。3. 表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。【例句】The girl goes to school by bike every day. 这个女孩每天骑自行车去上学。4. 表示客观真理或事实。【例句】The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 状元典例Light _much faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. to travel D. traveling答案:B思路分析:浏览题干可知句意为“光(传播的速度)比声音(传播的速度)要快得多”。这是一个客观真理,故用一般现在时。light作主语,且是第三人称单数,故谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。(二)一般现在时的标志词一般现在时常与 often, always, usually, sometimes, every day (week, month, term, year), twice a year, in the morning (afternoon, evening)等时间状语连用。【例句】We often play football in the afternoon. 我们经常下午踢足球。(三)一般现在时中的谓语动词一般现在时中含有两种谓语动词:1. 系动词be,即am, is 和are。【用法】我用am;你用are;is连着他,她,它。单数主语用is,复数全部都用are。【例句】I am at No. 2 Middle School. 我在第二中学。You are a doctor. 你是一名医生。It is my cat. 它是我的小猫。状元典例The boys _ students.A. am B. is C. are D. be答案:C思路分析:根据主语the boys是复数可知谓语动词应用复数形式。be是动词原形,am对应的主语是I,is对应的主语是第三人称单数,故只有are最合适。句意为“这些男孩是学生”。2. 实义动词当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数的变化规律情况构成方法读音例词一般情况词尾加-s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/字母t后读/ts/,字母d后读/dz/help helps /s/swim swims /z/know knows /z/get gets /ts/find finds /dz/以字母或字母组合s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词 词尾加 -es/z/teach teaches /z/以字母o结尾的词词尾加-es /z/ go goes / z/以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es /z/study studies /z/特别情况 have has【例句】My mother usually watches TV at night. 我妈妈通常晚上看电视。The teacher teaches us math. 这位老师教我们数学。状元典例He usually _early and _ English in the morning.A. gets up; read B. get up; reads C. get up; read D. gets up; reads答案:D思路分析:浏览题干,usually意为“通常”,是一般现在时的标志词;主语he是第三人称单数,故谓语动词也用单数形式;and连接两个并列的动作,故两个动词都用单数形式。符合题意的只有D项。句意为“他通常早晨早起读英语”。3. 主语第三人称单数的判断(1)人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。【例句】She likes apples for lunch. 她喜欢午饭时吃苹果。(2)单个的人名、地名、称呼语是第三人称单数。【例句】Mum often makes delicious meals for us.妈妈经常给我们做美食。(3)单数可数名词或“This/ That / The +单数可数名词”是第三人称单数。【例句】A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。This book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。(4)指示代词、不定代词是第三人称单数。【例句】Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。(5)不可数名词是第三人称单数。【例句】The water is very clean. 这水很干净。 (6)数字或字母是第三人称单数。【例句】 “I” is a letter. “I”是一个字母。二、难点聚焦1. 当心be动词的误用。一般现在时句中有实义动词时,不能再用be动词。【例句】I am usually go to school on foot. ( ×)I usually go to school on foot. () 我通常步行去上学。Kate is never reads English in the morning. ( ×)Kate never reads English in the morning. ()凯特从不在早上读英语。状元典例She often _ supper with her grandmother.A. have B. has C. is have D. is has答案:B思路分析:浏览题干和各选项可知句意为“她经常和奶奶一起吃晚饭”。表示“吃”的have是实义动词,故句中不可再用系动词is,排除C,D两项;主语she是第三人称单数,故谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式has。2. 有些表示状态和感觉的动词常用于一般现在时。如:have(有), like, want, look, sound 等。【例句】He wants to become a doctor. 他想成为一句医生。We all like sports. 我们都喜欢运动。状元典例The story _interesting and we _it very much.A. sounds; are liking B. is sounding; like C. sounds; like D. sound; likes答案:C思路分析:浏览各选项可知sound, like是表示感觉的词,常用于一般现在时。主语the story 是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用sounds;we是第一人称,故用动词原形。答案选C项。3. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句为一般将来时、祈使句或含情态动词的句子时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【例句】Well go to the zoo tomorrow if its fine. 如果天气好,我们明天要去动物园。Please come to my house when you are free. 当你有空时请来我家。状元典例You must do your homework when you _ home.A. get B. got C. gets D. will get答案:A思路分析:主句是祈使句,故when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时;you是第二人称,谓语动词用原形get。4. 表示按计划、时间表等预计要发生的事,用一般现在时表示将来。【例句】New term begins on September 1st. 新学期9月1号开学。The plane takes off at 3:30. 飞机三点半起飞。状元典例Our bus _ at 2:00 this evening.A. starts B. will start C. started D. starting答案:A思路分析:句意为“我们(乘坐)的汽车今晚两点出发”。表示“按时间表预计要发生的事”,用一般现在时表示将来。故选A项。三、1. 注意一般现在时的概念。(1)表示目前的情况或状态。(2)表示主语所具备的性格、特征或能力。 (3)表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。(4)表示客观真理或事实。2. 注意一般现在时的标志词。3. 一般现在时中的两种谓语动词:(1)be动词和do动词(实义动词)不可共存。(2)主语是第三人称单数,实义动词也应用第三人称单数形式。(3)特别注意动词第三人称单数形式的变化及其读音。4. 主语为第三人称单数的判断:(1)人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。(2)单个的人名、地名、称呼语是第三人称单数。(3)单数可数名词或“This/ That / The +单数可数名词”是第三人称单数。(4)指示代词、不定代词是第三人称单数。(5)不可数名词是第三人称单数。(6)数字或字母是第三人称单数。5. 一般现在时的特殊用法。(1)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(2)表示按计划、时间表等预计要发生的事,用一般现在时表示将来。1. (北京)The reading room _ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.A. am B. is C. are D. be答案:B思路分析:主语the reading room是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式is。句意为“阅览室很安静。我喜欢在那儿读书”。2. (江苏淮安)My neighbor has twin sisters. They _both good at swimming.A. be B. am C. is D. are答案:D思路分析:浏览各选项可知本题考查系动词be相应形式的应用。题干中they是第三人称复数,故系动词用复数形式are,故选D项。句意为“我的邻居有个双胞胎妹妹。他们两个都擅长游泳”。3. (安徽芜湖) How much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are答案:A思路分析:浏览题干可知,第一个空后的主语是the pair,是单数,故谓语动词用单数形式;答语中的twenty dollars表示金钱的数量,是一个整体,故谓语动词也用单数形式。选项A正确。4. (山东枣庄) At night Bill gets up and _ leaves.A. eats B. eat C. ate D. has eaten答案:A思路分析:浏览题干可知句中and连接两个并列的动作,前面的动词时态是一般现在时,故后面的也用一般现在时;Bill是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,A项符合语法要求。5. (山东临沂) Now the train service is very good. The trains are _ on time.A. hardly B. always C. never D. sometimes答案:B思路分析:根据前半句句意“现在火车的服务很好”可知“火车总是很准时”,故选B项。A项意为“几乎不”;C项意为“从不”;D项意为“有时”,均不符句意。6. (广西梧州) My sister is a nurse. She _ early every morning.A. get up B. is getting up C. got up D. gets up答案:D思路分析:浏览题干,根据every morning可知时态为一般现在时。B项是现在进行时故排除;C项是一般过去时故排除;主语she是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,D项正确。 7. (广东) If it _tomorrow, we will stay at home. We wont go to the museum.A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained答案:B思路分析:浏览题干可知if引导的是条件状语从句,主句用的是一般将来时,故从句用一般现在时。It表示天气,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用单数形式。选项B正确。8. (湖北襄樊) She is going to be a reporter when she _up.A. grows B. will grow C. is going to grow D. grew答案:A思路分析:主句中用的是一般将来时,故由when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。故只有A项正确。(答题时间:45分钟,每题2分). 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。1. talk_ 2. forget_ 3. stop_ 4. perform_ 5. say_ 6. worry_ 7. like_ 8. plan _ 9. finish _ 10. go _ 11. cut_ 12. wash_ 13. do_ 14. fly _ 15. have _. 单项选择( )1. Daniel and Tommy _ in Class One.A. be B. is C. are D. am( )2. There _ some water in the bottle.A. is B. are C. be D. has( )*3. The child often _ TV in the evening.A. watch B. watchs C. watches D. watching( )*4. She _to her mother once a week.A. write B. written C. writing D. writes( )*5. She _four brothers. She _ them very much. A. have; like B. has; like C. has; likes D. have; likes( )*6. Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital. A. work; works B. works; work C. work; are working D. is working; work( )*7. One of the boys_ a black hat.A. have B. there is C. there are D. has( )*8. The sun _in the east and _in the west.A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises; set D. rise; sets( )9. Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking ; listen( )*10. Mr. Black will come to help us if he _ free tomorrow.A. will be B. is C. isnt D. was. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. He _(be)often at home on weekends.*2. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.3. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.4. Mike _(like) cooking.5. They _(be) all thin and tall.6. My aunt _ (look) after her baby carefully.7. You always _ (do) your homework well.8. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.9. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight lessons this term.*10. What day _ (be) it today? Its Saturday.11 We often _(run) in the playground.12. He _ (get) up at six oclock.*13. Lily _ (study) English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.14. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.*15. He usually _ (brush) his teeth at six in the morning.16. We_ (have) no classes on Sundays.17. It _ (rain) quite often during the month of July every year.*18. Mike usually_ (ride) a bike with his friends in the park.19. Peter and Mary often_(play) badminton together.20. My mother_(have) a lot of cousins.21. Many people often _ (listen) to the radio in the morning.22. He often _ (have) dinner at home.23. Sandy usually _(play) the piano on Sundays.24. The cat_(like) eating fish very much.*25. Danny is a teacher. He _(teach) science in No. 2 Middle School. 1. talks 2. forgets 3. stops 4. performs 5. says 6. worries 7. likes 8. plans 9. finishes 10. goes 11. cuts 12. washes 13. does 14. flies 15. has.1-5 CACDC 6-10 BDBBB思路分析:3. 根据题干中的often可知时态应用一般现在时;主语the child是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;watch的第三人称单数形式是watches。4. 浏览题干可知句末的once a week表示“一周一次”,故时态用一般现在时,排除B,C两项;根据主语she可知动词用第三人称单数形式writes。5. 浏览选项可知时态是一般现在时;主语she是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。have的第三人称单数形式是has,like的第三人称单数形式是likes,故选项C正确。6. 浏览题干可知句意为“珍妮在一家办公室工作。她的父母在医院工作”。Jenny是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;her parents是复数,故谓语动词用原形,选项B正确。7. 浏览题干可知句意为“那顶黑帽属于其中一个男孩”,主语one of the boys中的中心词是one,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;have的第三人称单数形式是has。8. 根据句意“太阳东升西落”可知表示的是客观真理,故时态用一般现在时;the sun是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;选项B正确。10. 浏览题干可知主句用的是一般将来时,故if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时;根据前半句句意“布莱克先生会来帮助我们”可知“如果明天他有空”,故选项B正确。. 1. is 2. teaches 3. take 4. likes 5. are 6. looks 7. do 8. goes 9. have 10. is 11. run 12. gets 13. studies 14. goes 15. brushes 16. have 17. rains 18. rides 19. play 20. has 21. listen 22. has 23. plays 24. likes 25. teaches(一)上期回顾上一讲介绍了一般现在时的概念:A. 表示现在的状态。B. 表示主语所具备的性格特征或能力。C. 表示现阶段经常的或习惯性的动作。D. 表示客观真理、事实。(二)一般现在时的句式一般现在时中含有两种谓语动词,一种是系动词be,另一种是实义动词。1. 含系动词be(am, is, are)的一般现在时的句式:A. 否定句:be后加not。构成:主语+ be(am, is, are)+ not+其他 【例句】He isnt a waiter. 他不是一名服务员。状元典例We are teachers, we _ students.A. are B. arent C. isnt D. is答案:B思路分析:根据前半句“我们是教师”可知“我们不是学生”。故用否定形式,排除A,D两项;主语we是复数,故谓语动词用复数形式are,其否定形式在are后加not,缩写为arent。B. 一般疑问句:将be(am, is are)提到主语前,构成:Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+其他?简略肯定回答:Yes, 主语+am(is, are).简略否定回答:No, 主语+am not(isnt, arent).【例句】Is he a waiter? 他是一名服务员吗?Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. 是的,他是。/ 不,他不是。状元典例Is that Helens aunt?_. Thats Marys aunt.A. Yes, she is B. No, it isnt C. Yes, it is D. No, he isnt答案:B 思路分析:问句句意为“那是海伦的姑姑吗?”,而答语的后半句“那是玛丽的姑姑”,说明“不是海伦的姑姑”,故答语中前半句用否定回答,排除A,C两项;“姑姑”是女性,故不能用he代替,排除D项;因为是回答“Is that?”句型,故可用it作主语回答,选项B正确。C. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+其他?【例句】Whats he? 他是做什么工作的?=What does he do? / Whats his job?状元典例What _?A. these are B. are these C. are this D. this is答案:B思路分析:what在句首,说明是一个特殊疑问句;特殊疑问句用的是倒装语序,故排除A,D两项;this作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式is,故排除C项,选项B正确。2. 含实义动词的一般现在时的句式:A. 否定句:借助于助动词dont/doesnt,后用动词原形。【例句】We dont work in a hospital. 我们不在医院工作。He doesnt do his homework on Sunday. 星期天他没有做作业。状元典例My brother _ TV every evening.A. watch B. isnt watch C. doesnt watch D. doesnt watches答案:C思路分析:根据时间状语every evening可知时态用一般现在时;my brother是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用单数形式,A项是动词原形,故排除;否定句要借助于助动词doesnt,后接动词原形,故排除B,D两项。句意为“我弟弟不是每天晚上都看电视”。B. 一般疑问句:在句首加助动词do/does,实义动词用原形。简略肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ do/does.简略否定回答:No, 主语+ dont/doesnt. 【例句】Do you work in a hospital? 你们在医院工作吗? Yes, we do. / No, we dont. 是的,我们在医院工作。/ 不,我们不在医院工作。Does she do her homework On Sunday? 星期天她做作业了吗?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 是的,她做了。/ 不,她没做。状元典例1Does Peter like playing volleyball?_. It is boring.A. Yes, he is B. No, he doesnt C. Yes, he does D. No, he isnt答案:B思路分析:根据答语中“它很无聊”可知回答是否定的,排除A,C两项;根据问句中的助动词does可知答语也用does的相应形式,故排除D项。状元典例2_ you like hamburgers?No, I _.A. Are; am not B. Do; am not C. Are; dont D. Do; dont答案:D思路分析:浏览题干可知like是实义动词,故用助动词构成一般疑问句,排除A,C两项;问句借助于助动词,答语也应借助于助动词,故选项D正确。C. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does +主语+ 动词原形+其他?【例句】Where do you work? 你(们)在哪儿工作?What does he do on Sunday? 星期天他做什么了? 状元典例_ your father go to work? At 7:00.A. What time do B. What time is C. What time does D. Where does 答案:C思路分析:根据答语“在七点”可知疑问词用what time/ when;根据题干中的go是实义动词可知疑问句要借助于助动词;主语your father是第三人称单数,故助动词要用does,C项正确。句意为“你爸爸几点去上班?七点”。二、难点聚焦在一般现在时中,常出现以下错误:1. 第三人称单数的变化形式状元典例1He often plaies basketball after school. (改错)答案:plaies plays思路分析:以元音字母加y结尾的动词,词尾直接加-s;以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es。状元典例2My son watchs TV every night. (改错)答案:watchs watches思路分析:以-ch结尾的动词,词尾加-es构成第三人称单数形式。2. 句式变换时状元典例Mary doesnt lives in the small village. (改错)答案:doesnt lives doesnt live思路分析:第三人称单数作句子主语时,谓语借助于助动词does后,动词要变为原形。3. 对do的理解不到位状元典例We dont(not do)our homework. (改错)答案:dont dont do思路分析:do的含义有三种:一是所有实义动词的总称;二是助动词,无意义,只构成否定句和疑问句;三是实义动词“做;干”。本题中,we是复数,故助动词借助于dont,后接动词原形do。4. 对主语的单、复数的判断状元典例Lily with her parents are in Beijing now. (改错)答案:are is思路分析:本题中Lily是主语,介词短语with her parents作状语,和主语无关。故谓语动词用单数形式。三、1. 正确分清含有be动词和实义动词的句式。be动词直接借助于am, is, are构成否定句、疑问句;实义动词则要借助于助动词do/ does构成否定句、疑问句。2. 正确理解do的含义:A. 所有实义动词的总称;B. 助动词,无意义,只构成否定句和疑问句;C. 实义动词“做;干”。3. 正确判断主语的单复数作主语的名词或代词后面如果有with, together with, except, as well as等短语时,谓语动词的形式要根据它们前面的名词或代词的单、复数而定。 1. (湖北武汉)Can your father drive?Yes, and he usually _ to school.A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven答案:C思路分析:根据答语中的usually可知时态用一般现在时;主语he是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,C项正确。句意为“你爸爸会开车吗?会,并且他通常开车去学校”。2. (湖北)What does your sister like doing in her spare time?She _ watching TV.A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked答案:A思路分析:浏览题干中的问句可知用的是一般现在时,故答语也用一般现在时回答;只有选项A正确。句意为“你妹妹在空闲时间喜欢做什么?她喜欢看电视”。3. (河北)Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks答案:D思路分析:浏览题干可知everyone是不定代词,作句子主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;根据句意“大家认为我来自四川。事实上,我来自山东”可知D项符合句意。4. (江苏宿迁)_he _to the park at 6:30 in the morning?No, he _.A. Does; goes; does B. Does; go; does C. Does; go; doesnt D. Do; go; doesnt答案:C思路分析:题干中的主语he是第三人称单数,故借助于助动词does构成一般疑问句,其后的动词用原形,排除A,D两项;根据答语中的no可知用简略否定回答,故排除B项。5. (荆州)Im afraid the meeting has begun.Dont worry. It _ until the bell_. A. doesnt begin; rings B. wont begin; will ringC. wont begin; rings D. doesnt begin; will ring答案:C思路分析:在时间状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,浏览各选项,符合这一原则的只有C项。句意为“我恐怕会议已开始了。别担心。直到铃响会议才开始呢”。6. (山东滨州)How time flies! Three years _ really a short time.A.